How far can Britain's colonial legacy be held responsible for Nigeria's problems since independence?
ABSTRACT This essay is an investigative answer to the question- How far can Britain's colonial legacy be held responsible for Nigeria's problems since independence? In this investigation I have briefly looked at Nigeria's history before colonialism and its kingdoms. I have also briefly looked at Britain's first contact with the Nigerians and their establishment of a northern and southern protectorate as well as the subsequent unification of Nigeria. I looked at the initial nationalism that then turned to conflict amongst fellow Nigerians. I then went on to look at Nigeria's independence and the Britain's role in years after it, including the two military coups that occurred, as well as the subsequent Nigerian Civil War of 1967-1970. I then looked at the following years under the Second Republic and Military Rule. I then looked at the more recent events including the Niger Delta Crisis and the ethnic tensions today I came to the conclusion that Britain can only be held partially accountable for Nigeria's problems since independence and from the late 1970s, Nigeria is itself very much to blame. Included in this essay is an appendix which shows maps that can be used for referencing. CONTENTS * INTRODUCTION........... PAGE 4 * BEFORE NIGERIA........... PAGE 4 * THE BRITISH ARRIVE........... PAGE 5 * NATIONALISM AND INDEPENDENCE........... PAGE 6 * THE BLOODY
Which of indoctrination and repression proved most effective for consolidating Hitler's power (1933-1939)?
002258-015 Which of indoctrination and repression proved most effective for consolidating Hitler's power (1933-1939)? (word count: 3814) ________________ Acknowledgements: I would like to take this opportunity to thank my supervisor, Mr Baldwin for his assistance in completing this essay. I would also like to extend my thanks to the library of my high school, for the books of quality that I had the chance to be provided of. ________________ Abstract: The purpose of this essay was to investigate which was the most effective way to consolidate Hitler’s power from 1933-1939. I referred to consolidation of power in pre-war times to see how effective indoctrination and repression were on their own that is to say without the influence of war. Through this investigation it can be seen that Hitler successfully used both propaganda and repression to give himself control over the German people. Nevertheless one mean was more successfully used than the other and from the data gathered it seems that it was indoctrination. The control that the Nazis exerted over mass media and culture enabled them to get the support of population without imposing their ideology. With indoctrination the Nazis managed to make their ideology acknowledged and adhered by everybody; allowing them to have a certain control over the German population. It shouldn’t be forgotten that the repression
To what extent was the advent of the Cold War an outcome of Stalin(TM)s foreign policy from 1939-1949?
Extended Essay To what extent was the advent of the Cold War an outcome of Stalin's foreign policy from 1939-1949? The leading post-revisionist historian John Lewis Gaddis, after examining the Soviet archives that were opened up due to the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, has concluded that the Cold War was the product of "authoritarianism in general and Stalin in particular"1. This view was largely supported among the revisionist historians studying the cause of the Cold War, given Stalin's demanding territorial policies in Eastern Europe during WWII and his repressive measures taken to retain the Soviet control in this region after the war regardless of the agreements on the regional nations' freedom reached by the Grand Alliance. However, it is unjustified to state that the advent of the war was caused merely by the Soviet's aggression. Incidents during WWII revealed that Stalin's policies were essentially caused by the West's attempt to crush both Nazism and Communism, even though at the time the Soviet was on the same boat with the Western Allies in fighting against Germany. Furthermore, the legitimacy of the West's interference in Eastern European affair from after WWII to 1949 also needs to be reassessed. The unique nature of the Cold War makes it difficult to determine when the marking point of its advent was. Much as the ideological differences between
20th Century History Revision Notes
SHAERA RAHIM HISTORY EXAM REVIEW NOTES Before World War One French/English Canadians Dispute South African War (1899-1902): Discovery of rich goldfields in Transvaal and Orange Free State brought and inrush of British settlers British government tried to bring these states under its control – starting war British government asked Canada and other empire countries for help - If Prime Minister Wilfred Laurier agreed, he would lose French Canadian support, disagreed would lose English Canadian support. The Naval Issue (1907 -1910): When Britain and Germany were in a naval race, Britain feared falling behind and asked Canada and members of empire for financial contributions to British navy. Laurier wanted to please those with British ties and French Canadians. Introduced Naval service bill, this would create Canada’s own navy, which would protect Canada’s coasts thus easing the burden on British navy. This navy could also be placed under British control during time of war. Conscription Crisis: By 1916 the number of volunteers needed over seas had dropped. Canadian government created the Military Service act which forced men to fight overseas Pacifists, French Canadians, factory workers and farmers strongly opposed. Created bitter division between French and English Canadians. World War One WWI begins: Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
The Evaluation and Effect on the Formation of W.E.B Du Boiss NAACP during the African American Civil Rights Movement
The Evaluation and Effect on the Formation of W.E.B Du Bois's NAACP during the African American Civil Rights Movement Antranedra Williams History Extended Essay Word Count: 3,628 Humble High School Mr. Stanley Table of Contents Cover Page.............................................................................1 Table of Contents.....................................................................2 Abstract.................................................................................3 Introduction............................................................................4 The Life of W.E.B Du Bois...........................................................5-10 The Birth and Accomplishments of the NAACP........................10-16 NAACP's Influence on the Civil Rights Movement..............16-20 Conclusion..................................................................20-23 References............................................................................ Abstract : This essay examines and discusses the effect on the formation of W.E.B Du Bois's NAACP on the African American civil rights movement of the late twentieth century. Specifically, this paper evaluates how Du Bois's philosophical motives spearheaded the formation of the NAACP, which effected the civil rights movement in various positive ways. During the research process of the essay it
the causes and consequences of the spanish civil war
What Were The Causes and Consequences of the Spanish Civil War 1936 - 1939? When a military coup failed to unseat the Popular Front government of Spain, a bloody civil war raged in the country. Stretching from the northern part of Africa to the Pyrenees Mountains, the fighting led to the death of hundreds of thousands of Spaniards. The Spanish Civil War began in July 1936 and was directly caused by this attempted takeover by Nationalist elements, supported by the military and the clergy. The rebels, who held parts of north-western and south-western Spain, then named General Francisco Franco as head of state. However it is clear that the indirect causes of this civil war go back years prior to 1936. The Spanish people blamed the monarchy for the decline of Spain's status in the world. A backward economy and society, a poorly organized industry, the Latifundia policy, the Church's power and control, the incompetence of the government and the fact that there was too much political interference from many sides. There was a demand for a republic. Since Spain lost its monarchy back in 1931, the subsequent republican government was nevertheless unstable and weak and after only 5 years of major problem after another, the Civil War took place. There are many results of the Spanish Civil War to note. The main results would probably be the fact that Spain became a fascist country ruled
Band Of Brothers
As a result of Japan bombing Pearl Harbor and the continuous and forceful expansion of German and Japanese boundaries, the United States was thrown into World War II. The United States' military was forced to mobilize and train civilian troops in order to meet the demands of a multi-fronted war. Stephen Ambrose describes a group of young, white men who are called upon by their country to go into war to fight for democracy. In his book Band of Brothers, he tells the story of Easy Company of the 506th regiment and 101st airborne in the United States Army. Ambrose chronicles their journey through basic training and their arrival in Europe. From there, he goes into the details of their experiences in combat from Normandy on D-Day to Hell's Highway and the Battle of the Buldge. Ambrose concludes the story and shows the excitement and celebration of the soldiers as they help claim victory over Hitler's Germany in World War II. Easy Company travels through Germany and Austria at the end of the war and along with the Allies stake claim to Hitler's Eagle Nest. Ambrose obtains the details of the division's journey through WWII by researching primary books and articles of the time and most importantly through personal interviews with the men that lived through the experiences of the war and Easy Company. He learns that the young men are joined together from different backgrounds, but are
To what extent did the Prague spring weaken Moscow(TM)s hold over Czechoslovakia, and Eastern Europe?
To what extent did the Prague spring weaken Moscow's hold over Czechoslovakia, and Eastern Europe? Abstract The effects of the Prague Spring shook the very foundations of the Soviet Union. In this essay I plan to find out to what extent this social phenomenon loosened the USSR's vice like grip over the Eastern Bloc. I will begin with a brief introduction on how the Soviet Union managed to gain its hold on Eastern Europe. Following this I will speak of the pre- Dubcek era in Czechoslovakia and contrast it with the days of the Prague spring, and how the Prague Spring came into being. Products of the intellectual revolution such as Czech literature, media, and social structure will also be discussed in this essay. The aforementioned factors will be consolidated later on in order to surmise the overall effect of the Prague Spring on Czechoslovakia, and how it influenced other East European States like Poland to defy the USSR. I will consider different types of historians' viewpoints e.g. the revisionist John Gaddis. Each aspect of the Prague Spring and the events surrounding it will be taken and placed under intense scrutiny in order to produce an optimum conclusion. Introduction World War I had supposedly been the war to end all wars, however that was not to be. World War II followed a mere twenty years later only to be follow by the Cold War, which was ignited as the dying
Extended Essay History: How did the US media reporting of the Vietnam War out of context influence the American public?
Transfer-Encoding: chunked Topic: Reporting the Vietnam War. How did the US media reporting of the Vietnam out of context influence the American public Session: May Subject: History Title: How did the US media reporting of the Vietnam War out of context influence the American public? Citations Used: MLA Fon1rnt Word Cou nt: 3657 ________________ Table of Contents Cover Page 1 Table of Contents 2 Introduction 4 Body Paragraphs 4 Conclusion 15 Bibliography .................................u. 16 ________________ How did the US media reporting of the Vietnam War out of context influence th American public? The Vietnam War is an extremely interesting war. The war, which began in 1955 and ended approximately 20 years later in 1975, was act1mlly a civil war. Intervention and aid was provided by the United States to South Vietnamese forces to help fight against the communist north Vietnamese forces. The media in the Vietnam War can be divided into different sub categories. There are the reporters in the field who would work tirelessly to get the latest information back to the US. The news agencies in the US would then interpret the infom1ation themselves and create the news that would be given to the US public, using the mediums of television, radio and newspaper. In previous wars, the US media
Extended Essay - "to what extent was Yellow journalism to blame for instigating the Spanish American War"
Introduction The brief Spanish-American War that lasted from April 1898 through to August 1898 was fought over the issue of the liberation of Cuba, a Spanish colony that was suffering under the brutality of Spain's authority. "The war essentially grew out of Cuba's struggle for independence. Since the early 19th century, many Americans had watched with sympathy the series of revolutions that ended Spanish authority throughout the Americas"1, yet it was in Cuba where Spain kept their autocracy alive. "The reason surrounding this was Spain's quest of re-imagining its empire as the rightful possessor of the countries in the Americas; unlike British and French empires, liberal Spanish elite Cánovas del Castillo argued that dissemination of civilization was Spain's unique contribution to the New World"2 and thus Cuba was deemed to be an integral part of the Spanish nation. United States of America's intervention in this matter can be best judged as both moralistic and pertaining to diplomatic and political policies that the country abided by. Firstly, moralistic in the sense that the American nation cringed and empathized simultaneously for Cuba as it suffered under Spain's blatant autocracy; so much so that in the Cuban revolution of 1895, financial support for the "Cuba Libre" rebellion came from some external organizations which were based in United States. Secondly, many
