Islams Golden Age

Islam, the youngest of all the world's religions emerged on the world scene in 622 CE. It all started with the migration of the Prophet Muhammad and his small band of followers from Mecca to Medina in northwest Arabia. This migration was known as the "Hijra". One hundred fifty years later the Muslim government, which claims Allah as the ultimate authority had become the Islamic Empire. "The empire controlled the Mediterranean Sea from Syria and the Tigris and Euphrates Valley, it stretched east to southern China and western India, and was as far south as what had been the Persian Empire and Saudi Arabia, they controlled the west through Egypt and across North Africa, and controlled north through Spain to the Pyrenees."(Doak) Founding the city of Baghdad and putting the Abbasid Caliphate in power, which consisted of Muslim leaders who were the successors of Muhammad set the stage for Islamic Golden Age. By the mid-8th century, Islam's golden age began to emerge. For 400 years, all the way until the sack of Baghdad by the Mongols in the mid-9th century. Muslim culture was comparable to that of Rome which we just finished studying, in its explosion of culture. A number of fortunate circumstances came together to make Islam's golden age possible. Perhaps most significant was the creation of a vast empire without internal political problems, and also largely free from attack by

  • Word count: 1144
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: History
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Women in Nazi Germany

WOMEN IN NAZI GERMANY HISTORY BY: DANIELA SILVA FOR: TOVAH TABACNIK GRADE: 9.5 DATE: 13/10/06 2006-2007 Throughout centuries, women have been subject to unjust and upsetting perceptions, due to the fact that they have never been allowed to express themselves as they wants and due to the view of society, that male have to be the dominant figure. It is through events that have happened in time, that have made them stronger and able to get strength to be now, open minded and able to express in a different and overwhelming manner as they had never done before. The topic to be portrayed on this piece of work is how women in Nazi Germany were treated and how this theme relates to the novel the wave. In Nazi Germany, women were inferior to their male generation. Here the ways there were treated, their works and many other aspects will be analyzed, to see their hope and effort each time they fought for their right and the things they wanted to do. During the Second World War women were expected to fulfill and do a lot of the roles they had done in the First World War. Again they were called to work in industries, farms, as nurses in the forces but not on the fort line. Besides doing the works they were called to do, they had also a very important role which was to care for the family such as the children and the man. They had to be always at the house cleaning, cooking taking

  • Word count: 2438
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: History
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Life in the USA 1920's

How did life change in the USA in the 1920's? After World War I, the American Congress adopted the isolationist policy. This provoked an economic boom during the 1920's as the American citizens concentrated in producing more goods for their internal market. There were several changes not just in the economic field but also in the political, social and religious aspects. The aim of this essay is to analyse how life changed in the USA in the 1920's. Between 1896 and 1915 the American farmers were doing great in business. "They increased their production but saw a general price increase which maintained their sense of well-being". Furthermore, industries in the 19th century were mostly of coal, iron and steel whereas the economy in the 20's relied on the new industries. These included chemicals, synthetic textiles and electricity. "Prosperity is around the corner", this is a famous slogan that became public when the economy was beginning to flourish. It means that confidence is the basis of the economy. During the 1920's, the American economy boomed. The automobile industry, launched by Henry Ford, brought prices down and made room to a number of well paid jobs on the production line. Moreover, it led to the arrival of new businesses, such as gas stations, road construction, hotels and roadside diners. Other industries developing fast were the electrical power, the

  • Word count: 1536
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: History
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Comparing the Causes of the French and Russian Revolutions

Comparing the Causes of the Russian and French Revolutions Imagine living in a nation where people worked eleven hours a day then went back to their tiny, windowless rooms they called home, gathered around and shared cabbage soup with fifteen other fellow workers from a single bowl (Oxley 48). Or how about a nation where people farmed day and night to produce food for the nation and in return, they were taxed 50% on everything they produced while they watched the wealthy, tax-free nobles have feasts and parties in their mansions and palaces (Beck 218). These were the living conditions that the peasants in Russia and France faced. Peasants in both nations were miserable and decided to end their suffering by starting a revolution. But what exactly were the causes of the peasants' misery that brought these revolutions? The Russian and French revolutions were both caused by economic bankruptcy, inequality of the lower classes and the poor leadership of the leaders of their nations. Russia and France both suffered from economical bankruptcy which brought harsh living conditions to the lower classes. Russia was involved in the Russo-Japanese War and World War I which cost a tremendous amount of money (Beck 434). The country was put under immense pressure to supply their army with food and equipment which led to food shortages, high unemployment rates and inflation in all prices

  • Word count: 1441
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: History
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Definitions of vocabulary in US history.

US History homework Vocabulary: Conquistador: a conqueror, especially one of the 16th-century Spanish soldiers who defeated the Indian civilizations of Mexico, Central America, or Peru. Settler: (pioneer, colonist, colonial) a person who has migrated to a less occupied area and established permanent residence there, often to colonize the area. Settlers are generally people who take up residence on land and cultivate it, as opposed to nomads. Plantation: a colonial settlement. Triangular trade: a trade between three ports or regions -> Africa sent slaves to the Americas The Americas sent sugar, tobacco and cotton to Europe. Europe sent textile, rum and manufactured goods to Africa. Pocahontas: Pocahontas is a Native American woman who saved the life of Captain John Smith, a colonial leader, who had been captured by Powhatan's warriors; she was twelve at that time. She helped try to maintain peace between the two belligerents but was later captured, baptized, named Rebecca, and then married to John Rolfe. John Rolfe: John Rolfe was one of the early English settlers of North America. He is credited with the first successful cultivation of tobacco as an export crop in the Colony of Virginia and is known as the husband of Pocahontas. John Smith: John Smith was an English colonial governor who was elected president of the council and governor of the Virginia colony

  • Word count: 1214
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: History
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How far was Stalin Responsible for Purges of 1930s

How far was Stalin responsible for the purges of the 1930s? Stalin was responsible for the great purges of the 1930s to a certain extent. The great purges can be divided into three components: The purge of the party, the purge of the armed forces, and The purge of the people. Of these three segments of the purges, the purge of the party and the armed forces can be attributed to Stalin while the last one, the purge of the people, can instead be attributed to the head of the NKVD, Yezhov. Thus, we can say that Stalin was only partly responsible for the great purges. The great purges can be defined as a cleansing of perceived threats to Stalin's rule, executed on a large scale, through the use of terror. The purge of the party began when Sergei Kirov, secretary of the Leningrad Soviet, was assassinated in 1934. His murder led to a major purge of all accused of being involved in the crime. Many of the old Bolsheviks were accused of having a role to play and Stalin claimed that it had been organised by a circle of "Trotskyites and Leftists" and proceeded to arrest many party members, among them Zinoviev and Kamenev. Soon after, in 1936, the first major show trial took place, which resulted in both Zinoviev and Kamenev's confession and execution. This can be seen as a purging of the left. Thereafter a purging of the right took place, and the last two major show trials occurred.

  • Word count: 717
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: History
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Gulf of Tonkin History IA

In what ways did the United States government manipulate the Gulf of Tonkin Incident to gain public support for intervention in Vietnam? Jorge Hernandez 002320-061 John A. Ferguson High School May 2009 Word Count: 1,714 Table of Contents A. Plan of Investigation............................................................................2 B. Summary of Evidence...........................................................................2 C. Evaluation of Sources...........................................................................4 D. Analysis............................................................................................5 E. Conclusion.........................................................................................7 F. List of Sources.....................................................................................8 A. Plan of Investigation In what ways did the United States government manipulate the Gulf of Tonkin Incident to gain public support for intervention in Vietnam? All of the information used on this paper will come from two books: The Vietnam War: A History in Documents and Our Vietnam: The War 1954-1975. The Vietnam War: A History in Documents is my only primary source since it contains a plethora amount of documents and articles written during and some time after the war. Our Vietnam: The War 1954-1975 is a secondary source;

  • Word count: 2412
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: History
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Lions Led By Donkeys

LIONS LED BY DONKEYS - A HISTORICAL INVESTIGATION QUESTION To what extent is the phrase "Lions led by donkeys" a fair description of what happened at the Battle of the Somme? INTRODUCTION In 1916 witnessed the commencement of the battle of the Somme. Through the course of that one battle, a million British men were slaughtered compared to the combined number of American casualties in both the first and Second World War. The Battle of the Somme was planned as a joint French and British operation, approved by Haig. However, the German attack on Verdun in February 1916 turned the Somme offensive into a large-scale British attack. Haig accepted responsibility for the action and with the help of Rawlinson who devised his own plan of attack. The vital part of Haig's strategy was an eight-day attack to destroy the German defenses. Soldiers were lined up according to battlefield strategies, and led by major officers. The blood of the nations was poured into conditions of such horror and violence. "Lions led by donkeys", was how the German soldiers referred to their British counterpart. Ever since the end of WW1 in 1918 which was won by the British allies against the Germans it has been hugely debated whether the phrase 'Lions Led by Donkeys' is correct. In this essay I am going to talk about the extent of which the phrase was a fair description of what had happened at the battle

  • Word count: 1699
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: History
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Unwritten Record of Immoderate Greatness

The Unwritten Record of Immoderate Greatness: Inca Civilization Timothy Hyeung Gyu Kim Mr. Christopher Hall History 10 IBDP Nov. 3rd, 2008 "The world is a complex and subtle place. There are millions of connections between every part."1 The history of the world is indeed one of the most complex areas in which thousands of historians try to uncover the mysteries of the past. Out of all the interconnected kingdoms, empires and civilizations that have built the modern society, if even one hadn't existed, our current world could be at a completely different stage of development. This is the case for most parts of our history such as the Romans, Egyptians and Mesopotamians but most of all, the Inca Civilization and its developed society are one of the most vexed anthropological wonders of the entire history.2 It is mainly because the empire had overcome myriads of complex problems and had become one of the most amazing societies the world has ever seen. Inca Civilization was the civilization that had never developed any form of writing but managed to keep its dominance over an enormous area,3 the civilization that had accomplished skull surgeries and other amazing scientific advancements way before modern science was developed,4 and the civilization that was capable of developing irrigation and permaculture on their own at an extreme altitude of approximately 4000m above sea

  • Word count: 2460
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: History
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Protestant Work Ethic

Essay 2 In New England's Massachusetts Colony, The large number of people who ascribed to the lifestyle of the Puritans did much to firmly establish a presence on American soil. Bound together, they established a community that maintained a healthy economy, established a school system, and focused an efficient eye on political concerns. The moral character of England and America were shaped in part by the words and actions of this strong group of Christian believers called the Puritans and the system they had called the Protestant Work Ethic. The main values of Americans, which are influenced a lot by Protestant Work Ethic, date back to the overwhelming Puritan culture developed in its colonial period. The Protestant Work Ethic results from the Renaissance, Enlightenment, and Protestant Reformation. Martin Luther and John Calvin influenced on the Protestant Work Ethic. It believes that hard work is an honor to God which would lead to a prosperous reward. The Protestant Work Ethic was first accepted by people in New England's Massachusetts Colonies. It encourages people to work hard and take care of others. By the inspiration of the Protestant Work Ethic, the settlers lived fairly comfortable lives in America colonies. The Protestant Work Ethic associates with the American dream. The American Dream is the idea held by many people in the United States of America that through

  • Word count: 678
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: History
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