Causes of WW1. How valid is the claim that in 1914, states went to war due to fear rather than motives for gain.
Celeste Ngooi P1 Question: How valid is the claim that "in 1914, states went to war due to fear rather than motives for gain. -Timeline: 1888-1914 (End of Franco-Prussian War) The European States at that time went to war due to many factors. Such as, territorial gains, the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, the various Alliances and the Naval Race. However, in the majority of the factors, they have stemmed from fear or have led to fear in the European States leading them to participate in World War 1. Thus, it can be seen that the claim that the states went to war due to fear rather than motives for gain is valid. Territorial gains was one of the most important reasons that have led France, Germany, Serbia and Austria-Hungary to participate in the war. France wanted the territory of Alsace-Lorraine back from Germany and desired revenge, this had increased tension between Germany and France. With the Ottoman Empire in decline, it created a power vacuum with many states clamoring to seize control of the states in the now declining Ottoman Empire. In 1904, the Morroccan Crisis occurred, adding to tensions between the European states. Britain had given Morocco to France, however the Moroccans desired their independence. In 1905, Germany announced her support against France for Moroccan independence and in 1911, the Germans were again against France's possession of Morocco.
How did questionable leadership actions involving the Battle of Gettysburg ultimately decide the outcome of the battle and possibly the Civil War?
How did questionable leadership actions involving the Battle of Gettysburg ultimately decide the outcome of the battle and possibly the Civil War? A. Plan of Investigation The Investigation measures the questionable aspects of leadership in the Battle of Gettysburg, and how the actions by both Union and Confederate leaders ultimately led to the outcome of the battle, and possibly the civil war. The investigation evaluates the causes and effects of actions taken leading up to, and during the Battle of Gettysburg, by Confederate General Robert E. Lee and by Union by General Daniel E. Sickles, as well as Abraham Lincoln. Sources such as "Gettysburg: The Souvenir Guide to the National Military Park" are studied, and their origins, purposes, values, and limitations are measured and assessed along with the other sources used for this investigation. B. Summary of Evidence Before the Battle of Gettysburg, the secession of the south, and Abraham Lincoln being elected as President of the United States, the tensions between the northern and southern states had been continuously growing for years. Arguably since the annexation of Texas, tensions began rising, but after the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 the possibility of a major conflict started becoming more likely. This Act was to settle the slavery issue for Kansas, but instead only caused higher tensions and bloody riots. No
American Settlement. Was the situation for indentured servants in Chesapeake characterized more by change or continuity?
BSGE Zakir Hussain 1-2 10/18/11 Indentured Servants In the Chesapeake All throughout history people migrated to many different places for reasons such as religious tolerance, political freedom, and/or economic opportunity. Many English citizens decided that they could improve their lives by migrating to the Americas. The reason for mass migration from England to America started with the Colombian Exchange. The Colombian Exchange, which occurred due to the Europeans exploring North and South America, led the English citizens to a wide variety of new and wondrous food. Within one and a half centuries the general public of England got bigger since the English people continued to chow down on food being sent from the Columbian Exchange. With all these extra people growing in England, the necessities of life such as food, water, and shelter dwindles. High inflation "coupled with a fall in real wages as the number of workers increased" caused an economic decline (Norton 41). Poverty was now common amongst landless manual workers as well as those who possessed very little property. Property-owners gradually pushed tenants off the property by raising the rent as well "combining small holdings into large units" (Norton 41). Inflation, surplus amount of people flooding into England, and large amounts of landless laborers who had no homes, created huge
To What Extent was Arab Zionist Tension the Result of the Interference of Foreign Powers in the Middle East
"To What Extent was Arab -Zionist Tension the Result of the Interference of Foreign Powers in the Middle East" Foreign leadership and interference in the Middle East was a very important factor in the development of tension between the Arabs and the Zionists. This foreign influence was often British and French. This factor was, however, by no means the only reason for the tension. Other reasons include differing beliefs and both believing that the area known as Palestine should be theirs due to religious affinity with the region. Another key reason was the influx of Jews into Palestine as a result of anti-Semitism in Europe in the 30s and 40s. British influence in the Middle East really began in 1914 with the outbreak of the First World War. They were fighting a war against the Ottoman Empire whom had allied themselves with Germany and also had control of the Palestine region. During this battle, in order to gain allies in the fight to defend the key trading route of the Suez canal, the British in the form of the Hussein-Mc Mahon correspondence. This pledged that after the war was over Arabs would gain sovereignty over the Palestine area, as well as other areas of Arab territories, in exchange for Arab support. However, the above promise was never carried out as the British under the influence of Mark Sykes, assistant to the war cabinet for Middle Eastern affairs thought
Effects of Nasser on Egyptian Society
Outline the changes in Egyptian society as a result of Nasser's policies from 1952 - 1970. Gamal Abdel Nasser, was the second Egyptian president. He ruled from 1956 up to 1970 and is responsible for some of the drastic changes in the Egyptian society. Some of which are caused by the introduction of a Land Reform, which limited land ownership to 200 feddans (˜200 acres), the reformation of the educational system, new rights for women such as the right to vote, and industrialising the country, but also the persecution of the Muslim Brotherhood and propaganda. These policies had strong impact on Egyptian society which will be examined in the following. One of Nasser's first and probably one of his biggest domestic achievements is the Land Reform, which had its origin on the 11.September.1952 (A second one took place in 1961).Prior to the reform, less than 6% of the Egyptian population owned more than 65% of the Land. These few, but major land owners had almost autocratic control over the land and charged immensely high rents which averaged 75% of the income generated by the land. This drove many of the small farmers and peasants into debt. The peasants wage was so low and their situation so bad that the historian Anouar Abdel Malek called them "an exploited mass surrounded by hunger, disease and death". The Land Reforms aim was to change these circumstances and so land
Italian Unification Revision Notes. Italian Politics in 1815
Italian Politics in 1815 The Liberals They were generally non-violent, and were against absolute monarchy and a republican democracy. They favoured constitutional monarchy. The Radicals They wanted social reforms and a fairer distribution of wealth. They were prepared to use violence. Many of them were members of revolutionary secret societies and believed that political power should lie with the people, not with a parliament unless it were elected by all men ad not just property owners. Nationalists They believed that people of the same race, language, culture and tradition should be united in an independent nation of their own. Many nationalists went further demanding a republic. Liberals and radicals supported nationalism and unification as the way forward for Italy. Metternich's view of Italy He adopted an entirely negative stance as these views would undermine Austrian control of Italy. He saw the need to maintain the Italian jigsaw of separate states rules by absolute monarchs. Secret societies played an important part in the revolutions in 1820. These societies are thought to be developed from 18th century freemasonry where men formed themselves into groups pledged to mutual protection with secret passwords and semi-religious rituals. In the 1790s similar groups whose main purpose was to drive out the French had sprung up all over Italy. After 1815 their aims
Source Analysis. This investigation focuses on how Cuba was affected by the U.S. embargo placed in the early 1960s. I will focus on how their medical advances were hindered and how their trade was affected.
To what extent did the U.S. embargo placed on Cuba hurt Cuba's medical advancements and trade? http://progreso-weekly.com/2/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1267:wola-un-vote-to-condemn-cuba-embargo-isolates-us-in-hemisphere&catid=44:lastest-news&Itemid=61 "We should immediately end the trade embargo which the US has imposed on the people of Cuba"1 -President Carter Contents Section A: Plan of Investigation....................................................................................................3 Section B: Summary of Evidence.................................................................................................4 Section C: Evaluation of Sources..................................................................................................6 Section D: Analysis.........................................................................................................................8 Section E: Conclusion..................................................................................................................10 Section F: List of Sources............................................................................................................11 Appendices....................................................................................................................................12 A. Plan of Investigation This
Why was it possible for Stalin to become the leader of the USSR?
HISTORY ESSAY OUTLINE WHY WAS IT POSSIBLE FOR STALIN TO BECOME THE LEADER OF THE USSR? I. Introduction: * Struggle for leadership proved that the most brutal and cunning would always win - Stalin * Explain briefly that Stalin's rise to power was not simple and effortless * State the research question and link to the body part II. Body: * Some historians give "luck" a big role in Stalin's rise to power (eg: death of Lenin, Sverdlov) => Give a counter-claim as to why luck was not so significant. * Explain why Stalin's rise to power was mostly due to his position as the General Secretary * Explain how the "Soviet bureaucratic machine" favored Stalin instead of others => Historian E. H. Carr => Structuralist school * Explain how his personal qualities allowed him to defeat his political rivals => Historian R. Conquest => "Liberal School" - Stalin's colleagues underestimated him and gave him chance to strike deadly blows * Explain how Stalin's political rivals lacked the skills to defeat him => Trotsky although intellectually superior, was not popular among equals => Trotsky for various reasons, was unfit for internal political struggles like this => Zinoviev and Kamenev made critical mistakes during the struggle for power * Stalin had an unique grasp of what the majority wanted so his policies were popular III. Conclusion: * Make the conclusion that Stalin
Why was the USA unable to defeat communism in south East Asia in the years 1965-73?
Why was the USA unable to defeat communism in south East Asia in the years 1965-73? In the 1950's the United States began to send troops to Vietnam. During the following 25-years the ensuing war would create some of the strongest tensions in US history. Thousands of men and women were sent thousands of miles to fight for a questionable cause. Out of fear of the spread of communism, the USA spent millions of dollars in hopes of containing communism. But where did it all go wrong? Inasmuch effort as the Americans put in and even as they were seen as a super power, they still faced defeat in south east Asia. In this essay I will discuss reasons why the USA was unable to defeat communism in south east Asia in the years 1960-73. The USA used a wide range of tactics throughout their occupation in Vietnam. These only seemed to get more and more intense from 1965 onwards. The USA were more advanced in their weapons, they possessed vast amounts of air power as well as on the ground. However, this proved to not work at the best of their advantage. On the 7th of February 1965, Johnson approved operation rolling thunder. This operation started in an effort to demoralise the north Vietnamese people and to undermine the capacity of the government. It failed on both accounts. Operation rolling thunder dropped more bombs on Vietnam than on Germany and Japan in all of world war 2. Of some
The French Revolution was directed by the middle class. How valid is this comment on the French Revolution?
History Essay The French Revolution was directed by the middle class. How valid is this comment on the French Revolution? Topic: French Revolution Area of Study: French Revolution is directed by the middle class Evaluation: How valid? Introduction The French Revolution happened in 1789 was a great event that give impact to the modern society. When studying the roots and causes of the revolution, it was said that the revolution was directed by the middle class. This statement is controversial as there are many different kinds of view by the historian. Although there are many views but it can be categorize into two groups. First the revolution was directed by the middle class and second the revolution was directed by the commoners of France. Supposition Some historian strongly support that the French Revolution was directed by the middle class. They based on the evidence that this people of the middle class are educated. They are able to understand the condition and the development of the nation. Therefore they can contribute in idea in politic and this made them the natural leader as the middles class is the majority in the society. They started to question, challenging the government, the ancient regime on rational because of the unequal and unfairness. First challenge to the long established ancient regime was from the middle class. The natural leader of the middle
