La crise conomique de 1929, souvent voque l'occasion des turbulences financires actuelles, a commenc par un krach boursier sans prcdent aux Etats-Unis entranant faillites et chmage de masse travers l'ensemble des pays industrialis

Le krach de 1929 La crise économique de 1929, souvent évoquée à l'occasion des turbulences financières actuelles, a commencé par un krach boursier sans précédent aux Etats-Unis entraînant faillites et chômage de masse à travers l'ensemble des pays industrialisés. Tout commence le jeudi 24 octobre 1929 à la Bourse de New-York: 13 millions d'actions sont jetées sur le marché mais faute d'acheteurs, les cours s'effondrent. La panique se généralise, investisseurs et curieux se précipitent à la Bourse, tandis que le bruit du "je vends" des courtiers s'amplifie. Vers midi, le Dow Jones perd 22,6%. En quelques heures, des milliers de porteurs se retrouvent ruinés. La légende veut qu'en fin de matinée 11 spéculateurs se suicident en sautant des gratte-ciel de Manhattan. Un jeudi qui deviendra "noir" Au total, entre sept et neuf milliards de dollars de l'époque s'évanouissent durant cette seule journée. La Bourse s'effondre de 30% en octobre et de 50% en novembre. Les pertes totales atteignent 30 milliards de dollars soit dix fois le budget fédéral et plus que les dépenses américaines lors de la Première Guerre mondiale. Le "jeudi noir" est resté ancré dans la mémoire collective, le spectre de 1929 venant à nouveau hanter les esprits à chaque frémissement d'une place boursière. La débâcle financière annonçait et aggravait la Grande

  • Word count: 492
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: Languages
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Setting in Huck Finn and Siddhartha

"Setting is a powerful vehicle of thematic concerns; in fact, it is one of the most powerful". Using the two books, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and Siddhartha, by Mark Twain and Herman Hesse respectively, I can proudly state that to a very huge extent, this statement proves true for both novels and helps to carry across the author's purpose in a clearer and more significant manner. Firstly in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the true setting behind the novel affects how the story is brought across to readers, depicting the happenings just as they are during that time. This novel is set and written in the 1800s where it wasn't considered immoral or erroneous to consider black people nothing more than property. People did not even consider mistreating blacks as racial, it was a social norm and everyone was okay with it. Slavery and racism did happen, and Twain did a great job in showing this ugly side of the world to the half of the world who had no idea at all. It was a fact and still remains a fact that most people in the 1800s were racist and even the kindest of people, symbolized by the Phelps', who was a family of God fearing, polite and kind people, still used the term nigger when they referred to their slaves. The words written and the actions and thoughts spoken aloud were very necessary to give the story its structure. Thus it can be said that there is not

  • Word count: 1588
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: Languages
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Under age Binge Drinking In Wales

Nick Burnley - Hall WBQ Individual Investigation - Under age Binge Drinking In Wales Introduction Alcohol is known to have a range of serious results both in terms of health and social effects. Alcohol according to Alcohol concern is actually the third biggest health risk in developed countries. People seem to realise the dangers of smoking and drugs but generally it seems the health and social dangers of alcohol are less well recognised. In some countries being drunk is seen as socially unacceptable it is however more socially acceptable in the UK. People get drunk in the UK and also groups go abroad with the sole purpose of drinking and getting drunk. It is fair to say that for a long time drinking and getting drunk has been part of the Welsh culture and tradition for adults. The practice has been that drinking in Wales was however pub centred and also very much a male activity. There is some evidence that there has been a recent increase in the use of alcohol in young people and the earlier use of alcohol in younger people of both sexes in Wales. It was surprising to find out that the World Health Organisation has identified that there are more young people drinking in Wales than elsewhere in the whole of the western world. Data relating to across Wales from the 'Health behaviour in School aged children survey' found 7% of 11 year old boys in Wales were drinking

  • Word count: 2463
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: Languages
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The Impacts of Cigarette Advertising on the target audience

Lara K. English 11B 2nd March 2008 The Impacts of Cigarette Advertising on the target audience One of the major concepts of advertising is to generate and convey unrealistic expectations and ideas into the minds of the target audience. Advertising can have a significant affect on a country politically, culturally, socially and economically. Cigarette advertisements have an immense impact on the economy and society of a country because they influence purchasing behaviors due to a variety of factors. The advertisement "More Doctors Smoke Camels than any other cigarette" has various impacts on the target audience because doctors were included as part of the advertising campaign. One of the social impacts that this advertisement has on the audience is that it immediately catches their attention due to the fact that a survey was conducted and the result were exceptional. The results stated that most doctors in America smoke Camel's cigarettes. Not only did the survey include family doctors but the advertisement stated that "doctors in every branch of medicine were asked." This advertisement is a negative cultural impact because people were forced to believe that cigarettes are good for the throat, digestion and the nerves. They believed this because doctors included those health factors in their statements. Another reason why the audiences are persuaded by the

  • Word count: 840
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: Languages
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Macbeth as a Tragic Hero

Zack Lindahl Macbeth as a tragic hero Most stories have a protagonist, a central figure that drives the story onwards. In Shakespeare's play Macbeth the protagonist is clearly the Scottish thane Macbeth that is the protagonist. It is another question entirely if he is a hero or a villain in the drama. It can be said that Macbeth is a tragic hero, and not a villain, even though he is the perpetrator of several evil deeds. What then makes a hero tragic, and what elements of the tragic hero can be seen in the work, and in Macbeth? This essay will focus on exploring this throughout the play. There are numerous times where Macbeth's personality is spoken of or apparent throughout the play, which can be used to deduce if he is a tragic hero. The second time where the audience hears of Macbeth in the play is by an unnamed captain who talks of "brave Macbeth - well he deserves that name" (I, II, 16). This praise of Macbeth's virtues continues, and we see him as a man of many virtues in the beginning of the play. This changes as soon as he is confronted with the prophecy that he will "be king hereafter" (I, III, 48). This is the moment where Macbeths flaws starts to be revealed to us, especially if we observe his reactions. At first he is shocked and as Banquo says "rapt withal [entranced]" (I, III, 55) but later questions the Witches about their prophecy bidding them to "Stay...

  • Word count: 820
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: Languages
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Wilfred Owen's Anthem for Doomed Youth - Commentary

Commentary on Wilfred Owen's Anthem for Doomed Youth Wilfred Owen's Anthem for Doomed Youth is a reflection on the fate of soldiers fighting and dying on the front. Moreover, being written in 1917, the poem may be considered the author's comment on the World War that was in progress at the time. The theme of death, which is predominant in the poem, is first introduced already in the title of the work. Calling the fighting youth doomed, Owen emphasises that their fate has already been decided. The fact makes their death and burial seem even more tragic, inhuman, cattle-like and impersonal. Such portrayal of the young soldiers' death is effectively used by the speaker to arouse emotions in the reader. There is no definite addressee of the poem; the speaker seems to be addressing the mankind in general. Together with mentioned arousal of emotions, the purpose of the work is to provoke thought and deeper reflection on the matter of death on the front. The treatment of the serious subject in the poem with due respect makes it a real anthem - the author's way to express grief for dying youth. To enhance this expression, a form of an English sonnet is employed by the author. With its fourteen-line structure, iambic pentameter meter and a characteristic ending rhyme in the last couplet, a sonnet is a poetic form that is used where solemn treatment of the subject is required. The

  • Word count: 783
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: Languages
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Pendulum Practical Investigation

Practical Investigation: The simple Pendulum Aim: To investigate the factors which affect the period of oscillation of a simple pendulum? Hypothesis: Increasing the length or amplitude of the pendulum will increase the period of oscillation. Equipment: - stand and clamp - pendulum bob - stopwatch - metre ruler - nylon string Background: The period of a pendulum is the time for one complete swing. The equation for the period of a pendulum is T = 2? ? L/g T = period of oscillation (in seconds) 2? = constant L = length of pendulum (in centimetres) G = acceleration due to gravity (m.s-^2) W = weight Method: . Determine the effect on the period of the pendulum when the amplitude is altered and the mass and the length of string are kept constant. Measure the time for 20 complete swings when the bob is given an amplitude of 4 cm, 6 cm, 8 cm, and 10 cm respectively. Enter your results into table B. 2. Determine the effect on the period of the pendulum when the length of string is altered. Keep the mass of the bob constant, and give the bob the same amplitude of 6 cm in each case, but change the length of the string so that results are obtained for lengths of 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, and 40 cm. Enter your results in table C. Results: Table B Length of pendulum = 20cm, mass of bob constant. Amplitude of Swing (cm) Time for 20 swings (s) Period of

  • Word count: 952
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: Languages
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Doestoevsky's Crime and Punishment Chapter Analysis- Chpt 5 Part 3

ENGLISH CHAPTER ANALYSIS: CHAPTER 5, PART 3 BY ROXANE CAUDRON SUMMARY * Raskolnikov enters Porfiry's place trying to conceal his laughter (something rather difficult considering Porfiry's comical appearance) * He is surprised to see Zametov the chief clerk of the police department * He is then introduced to Porfiry * Raskolnikov tells his host of his official business * He had left Alyona Ivanovna some small items not of much value to which he attached great sentimental value particularly the watch left by his father * Porfiry announced he had been expecting Raskolnikov * Since everyone else who had pledges with the old pawnbroker had already made their claims * Porfiry lets Raskolnikov know that he knew all about his pledges and they had been wrapped up carefully by old pawnbroker and dated with his name on them * Porfiry subtly lets Raskolnikov knows that he's aware of Raskolnikov's sickness, of his meeting with zametov and of his presence at Marmeladov's death * All these revelations disturb Raskolnikov * He thinks to himself that Porfiry is playing with him * "like a cat plays with a mouse" * He momentarily thinks of confessing whole truth * Especially since he feels police already know everything * Discussion of relationship of crime to ones environment ensues * Which leads to Porfiry's announcement that he has read Raskolnikov's article on crime

  • Word count: 2457
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: Languages
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Mother Courage and Her Children

This extract from Mother Courage and Her Children, by Bertolt Brecht, translated by Michael Hofmann and John Willett, is located in the prologue and the opening scene of the play, at a point where the author dispels the myths of chivalry and honour we have about war. The play is set in the thirty years war but was written at the beginning of World War II. The beginning of the play is set in Poland, where a sergeant and recruiting officer are on the outskirts of town standing in the bitter cold. In this extract, we are able to observe a recruiting officer's troubles in enlisting new soldiers and the lengths in which he will go to gain new recruits. He then complains that there is no honour and upstandingness among humanity. This establishes the character as hypocritical and desperate. The prologue of the play begins with a song telling us of the daily hardships war can bring, not excluding death. The song lacks adjectives, taking a very brief blunt view. It also takes a very disapproving view of war and this is shown through the choice of words. However, the song is delicately laced with humour that lessens the impact the song may have given. It describes the soldiers very impersonally, referring always to them as one group, one army. Small, dispensable objects with no name - joined together. Their belongings are described as 'lumbering' and 'straggling' which gives the

  • Word count: 809
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: Languages
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Wuthering Heights Commentary

Oral Presentation Thesis Statement - Argument: Wuthering heights is the most realistic novel that I have read so far. People argue that it's a romantic master piece but id say it's a more realistic master piece than its romantic. This is because bronte introduces the romance in an original, genuine and different way. how different? this passage explains that. In The 40 between my hands bronte shows the readers the other side of Catherine. Not the one that heathcliff and we as readers would love. The other Catherine, the evil rude repulsive one. Bronte shows the bad Catherine on two different levels, the way she addresses nelly in a petulant way and treats her rudely. And also the way she talks to heathcliff. This refers back to the point kristofer made earlier in his presentation about relationships. ) The way she addresses nelly and speaks to her in a very disrespectful way a. Catherine degrades nelly and disrespects her and shows literally no appreciation for nellys services. Infact she thanks nelly by "jerking her head away from her hands" and asking nelly to "leave her alone". and then when she doesn't need her services she asks her to "take herself and her dusters off ". b. its clear that the way Catherine treats nelly is very inhumane and unreasonable to us as modern readers. We might hate that fact. But as an English middle class reader at that time we

  • Word count: 1176
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: Languages
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