Parallels and Parallelograms

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Mathematics Standard Level

Portfolio by Emanuel Hausmann

Content

Task 2: Repeat the process with 5, 6 and 7 transversals. Show your results in a table. Use technology to find a relation between the number of transversals and the number of parallelograms. Develop a general statement, and test its validity.        

Task 3: Next consider the number of parallelograms formed by three horizontal parallel lines intersected by parallel transversals. Develop and test another general statement for this case.        

Parallels and Parallelograms

In this portfolio task I considered the number of parallelograms formed by intersecting parallel lines. The general statement for the overall pattern is  , () where C is the count, h the number of horizontals and t the number of transversals. In the following I’ll explain how I arrived at this generalization.

Figure 1 below shows a pair of horizontal parallel lines and a pair of parallel transversals. One parallelogram (A1) is formed.

            A1

        Figure 1

A third parallel transversal is added to the diagram as shown in Figure 2. Three parallelograms are formed: A1, A2 and A1  A2.

        A1        A2        

        Figure 2

Task 1: Show that six parallelograms are formed when a fourth transversal is added to Figure 2. List all parallelograms, using set notation.

If a fourth transversal is added to Figure 2, six parallelograms are formed like shown in

Figure 3. The six parallelograms are: A1, A2, A3, A1  A2, A2  A3 and A1  A2  A3.  

                     A1       A2          A3

                                                       Figure 3

Task 2: Repeat the process with 5, 6 and 7 transversals. Show your results in a table. Use technology to find a relation between the number of transversals and the number of parallelograms. Develop a general statement, and test its validity.

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Figure 4 shows that ten parallelograms are formed if a further transversal is added to figure 3. These parallelograms are: A1, A2, A3, A4, A1  A2, A2  A3, A3  A4, A1  A2  A3, A2  A3  A4 and A1  A2  A3  A4.

 

                     A1        A2         A3         A4

        Figure 4

By looking at Figure 5 we can see that 15 parallelograms are formed if the diagram has 6 transversals: The 15 parallelograms are:

A1, A2, A3, A4, A5,

A1  A2, A2  A3, A3  A4, ...

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