Research question: Part A : What is the static friction coefficient of a certain surfaces that are in contact? Part B : What is the kinetic friction coefficient of a certain surfaces that are in contact?

NAME MOHD SUKRI BIN ISMAIL PARTNER FIKRI AKMAL MOHD SALLEH CLASS E03F DATE September 6th, 2004 and September 14th, 2004 TITLE INVESTIGATION OF THE ROUGHNESS OF TWO SURFACES IN CONTACT (friction) Abstract: This experiment is conducted in two different parts; part A is the determination of the static friction coefficient whilst part B is the determination of the kinetic friction coefficient. In part A, after the apparatus are set up as shown in the diagram, the length of the wood plane used as the track is measured. Then, the plane is elevated gradually at one of its end. The plane is held still using a retort stand when the block rested on the plane is moving, in order to reduce the error in measuring the height of the elevated end of the plane from the desk surface. The experiment is then repeated by using different surfaces which were between glass/wood and wood/sand paper. The value of the static friction coefficient is calculated by using the formula of = tan or by using the ratio of the height of the elevated end of the plane to the horizontal length of the plane. From the experiment, it can be determined that the static coefficient for wood surface with wood surface is 0.454, glass and wood is 0.315 while the sand paper surface with wood is 0.785. In part B, the kinetic friction coefficient is determined by using the acceleration of the object while it is

  • Word count: 1477
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: Physics
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specific heat of a solid

SPECIFIC HEAT OF A SOLID: TOPIC 3.2 IN THE SYLLABUS - 1.5 HOURS When the heater is used as shown in the diagram, it provides energy E E = V x I x t V being the voltage provided by the power supply (should be constant), I the current (if the voltage is maintained constant, so will be the current) and t the time. As the voltage (and hence the current) is kept constant, you will register temperature and time first using no thermal insulator and then using it. Using the previous information about the heater together with the specific heat capacity of the blocks (Aluminium = 878 J K-1 Kg-1; Copper = 361 J K-1 Kg-1; Mild steel = 480 J K-1 Kg-1) do the appropriate graph to obtain the specific heat capacity of the block you worked with. Criteria to be assessed in this practical are: Data Collection and Processing; Conclusion and Evaluation and Manipulative skills. This last one will not be included in the grade of the report itself but will count for the overall grade of manipulative skills. VERSIÓN MAYO 2009 Data collection and processing: Aluminium with insulator temperature ( ± 0.5 k) time ( ±0.01s) 294 0 294 30 294 60 294 90 297 20 299 50 301 80 303 210 305 240 307 270 309 300 311 330 313 360 315 390 317 420 319 450 321 480 Aluminium temperature ( ± 0.5 k) time ( ±0.01s) 295 0 295 30 295 60 295 90 296 20 298 50

  • Word count: 1334
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: Physics
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Telescopes - science research project.

Telescopes: Telescopes are being used by astronomers to watch objects that seem too faint when directly approached by our eyes. The primary aim of the telescope is to seizure extra light more than an eye is capable to catch and to emphasize that light on eye, part of film or any electrical sensor to generate an image. Many great images of the universe have been produces by telescopes. [1] A simple telescope was first invented by an Italian creator Galileo in the 1600s, but as the astronomy got popular, the improvement in telescopes have yet not been made till 1900s. The telescopes got advanced and much bigger by the 20th century; it enabled the astronomers to identify the far objects in space. Home astronomy gain popularity in 20th century, the advancement in home telescopes is good enough to study stars, planets and galaxies that remained unfamiliar to experts like Galileo. The initially known operative telescopes did appear in 1608 and are the efforts of Han Lippershey. In 1611, Johannes Kepler did explain the formation of telescopes with the help of conves objective and convex eyepience lens. In 1655 Christiaan Huygenswere did build powered but clumsy telescope with joined eyepieces. Isaac Newton is honored as the creator of the first real-world reflector in 1668. In 1672 Laurent Cassegrain explained the structure of a reflector having a little convex glass for reflecting

  • Word count: 2419
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: Physics
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Conservation of Momentum Experiment.

Data Collection and Processing: - [Data Table #1]Final Lab Data(Raw): Cue Puck Stationary Puck Mass of Puck ±1g 553 551 Angle of Movement ±0.1° 39.0 [S of E] 40.0 [N of E] Average Initial Length Between Dots ±0.01cm .40 N/A (Stationary) Average Final Length Between Dots ±0.01cm 0.88 0.90 Frequency of Spark Timer 50Hz 50Hz * Since the spark timer used in the lab was set at 50Hz per second, 50 dots are made for every second-which also means that one dot is 1/50th of a second, the velocity of the two pucks can be determined from this relationship with the use of , (to reduce rounding errors, all momentum calculations will be done in the base unit give: ) : Average Initial Velocity of Cue Puck in the Direction: Average Final Velocity of Cue Puck: Average Final Velocity of Stationary Puck: Propagation of Uncertainties for Velocity of Pucks: Uncertainty of Ruler: ±0.01cm: Average Initial Velocity: Cue Puck: =1.136...% Stationary Puck: N/A No Movement Average Final Velocity: Cue Puck: Stationary Puck:=0.90% Uncertainty of Mass of Puck: 1.0g: Cue Puck: Stationary Puck: Final Percent Uncertainty for Average Initial Velocity of Cue Puck: 1.136...%+0.180...%=1.317% Final Percent Uncertainty for Average Initial Velocity of Stationary Puck: N/A No Movement Final Percent Uncertainty for Average Final Velocity of Cue Puck:

  • Word count: 1516
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: Physics
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EMF and Internal Resistance of a cell

EMF and Internal Resistance of a cell Data Collection Current (A) ± 0.005 Voltage (V) ± 0.05 0.42 0.70 0.38 .00 0.28 .40 0.18 .75 0 2.35 Data Processing and Presentation Largest values of E and -r Smallest values of E and -r Minimum current Maximum voltage Maximum current Minimum voltage 0.415 0.75 0.425 0.65 0.375 .05 0.385 0.95 0.275 .45 0.285 .35 0.175 .80 0.185 .70 0 2.40 0.005 2.30 The equation E = V + Ir can be rearranged E = V + Ir V = E - Ir V = -Ir + E V = (-r) I + E This allows us to plot V as y against I as x, in order to find the values of E and -r. Because the equation is now in the format y = mx + c, we know that E will be the y-intercept value, and -r will be the gradient. I plotted three sets of data for current and voltage: my original results, the values including uncertainties that would give the largest values of E and -r, and the values including uncertainties that would give the smallest values of E and -r. From the graph, I can calculate both the EMF and the internal resistance of the battery. The y-intercept gives me the value of E, because according to the equation V = (-r) I + E, when the x-value of current (I) is zero, the equation will be simplified to V = E. The gradient of the line of best fit gives me the negative value of internal resistance (r), because the gradient can be calculated by y/ x,

  • Word count: 567
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: Physics
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Temperature of the sun

Temperature of the sun practical - Draft Results: Mass of plastic bag with water: 0.325kg ±0.001 Area of plastic bag: 0.368m² ±0.005 Initial temperature of water: 26°C ±0.5 Time of water left under the sun (s) ±0.5 Temperature of water (°C) ±0.5 300 29 600 31 900 33 200 38 500 42 800 45 Calculation: Errors: Conclusion: The experimental value of the sun's temperature is 1867°C ±80 The literal value of the sun's temperature is 5500°C My experimental value is not in range of the literal value, the results are different as there are uncertain factors. Therefore, the experiment does not seem to be successful and the results obtained are inaccurate. Evaluation: Limitations Suggestions - The plastic bag is not stabilized on the ground; it leads to the spill of water. This will make the result inaccurate as the mass is changing - Use a container which allows the thermometer to be placed in the water at the same time as it is stabilized on the ground - The area of the plastic bag with water is hard to measure as the shape of the bag changes when it is containing water. This will lead to an inaccurate value of area of plastic bag - Use a fixed shape box to contain water which allows the area to be measured accurately - The black water is more concentrated at the bottom which may cause unequal absorption of heat by the water - Use a container

  • Word count: 262
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: Physics
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Physics laboratory: solving units with two different sets of instruments

Physics laboratory: solving units with two different sets of instruments. Context: The following physics laboratory bases on recording and analyzing data. The principal concern this exercise has, is to measure a microscope slide with distinct varieties of instruments, and from it organize, process, and operate the data in a respective manner (in order for the end, to solve the volume and mass and thus have the desired density). A micrometer (measures to a preciseness of + 0,001cm), a vernier (measures to a preciseness of + 0,01 cm), a common ruler (measures to a preciseness of + 0,1 cm) are the instruments implemented on this work, to demonstrate how small, slight changes of number s, at the end gives up a better or worse answer. E.g. When referring to engineering, a microscopic gap can make the difference between a safe plane flying for many years, and a plane that crashes at a young age. Manipulating so many pieces of data may become confusing, thus a procedure (method) has to take place. Method: The laboratory was divided onto two sections; initially were the instruments of less recording preciseness (Manual measuring balance, and a common ruler; preciseness of + 0,1 cm) and then the detailed instruments. Its Width, length, height were measured and written. From it, its percentage errors and possible errors were solved. The purpose of the percentage error is to

  • Word count: 457
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: Physics
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Resistance Lab. Aim - To investigate the effective resistance (total resistance) of three resistors connected in a series circuit.

Physics Lab Report - Resistors in Series > Aim - To investigate the effective resistance (total resistance) of three resistors connected in a series circuit. > Background - A resistor is an electrical component which opposes the flow of current in a circuit. When a resistor is connected in a circuit it produces a voltage across its terminals (measured using a voltmeter) using this voltage and the current (measured using a milliammeter) flowing through the circuit the resistance of the resistor can be calculated. Thus Resistance = Voltage/Current, this formula has basically been derived from Ohm's Law which states that Voltage = Current * Resistance. In this experiment we have connected three resistors with unknown resistances in series circuit, the voltage of each resistor was measured using a separate voltmeter while another one was used to measure the combined overall voltage of all three resistors, further by using the above formula we can find the individual resistance of each resistor which can be added to give the effective (total) resistance of the three resistors connected in series. This was the first process used to find the effective resistance, the second process involved using the same formula only this time the total voltage across all the three resistors was used along with the current to directly find the effective (total) resistance of the three resistors

  • Word count: 1407
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: Physics
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Motion in a Circular Orbit

Lab no. 6 - Title: Motion in a Circular Orbit Aim: to verify the expression for the centripetal force Equipment: rubber bung, glass tube, string, weights, paper clip, meter ruler, scales Fig. 1: experiment in action. Required Knowledge: Linerization of the graph by deriving from Centripetal Force formula, F=mg, and drawings Derivation: Data Collection and Processing. Collected Data Trial M (kg) Trial A (s) Trial B (s) Trial C (s) Avg. (s) (s) l (cm) (cm) 0.118 0.400 0.484 0.478 0.454 0.4 21.5 1 2 0.178 0.403 0.407 0.403 0.404 0.4 21.5 1 3 0.245 0.369 0.366 0.360 0.365 0.4 21.5 1 4 0.315 0.319 0.344 0.360 0.341 0.4 21.5 1 5 0.380 0.276 0.254 0.280 0.270 0.4 21.5 1 6 0.442 0.280 0.249 0.270 0.266 0.4 21.5 1 Calculated Trial () () 4.85 0.8 2 6,13 0.8 3 7.51 0.8 4 8.60 0.8 5 3.72 0.8 6 4.13 0.8 now, we should use the slope formula to find the slope, and then we should compare slope = but without g, andthen calculate g Conclusion: Even when we take into consideration the uncertainty for the period, having an uncertainty for gravity being over 4 ms^-2 is certainly not correct. Despite having paid utmost attention to the experiment's accuracy by, for example, using 10 loops instead of 1 to find the period, or having 3 trials, and averaging the results, gravity was still not close enough to approximate

  • Word count: 570
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: Physics
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Physics Wave revision question

. Water waves at the surface of a pond pass a floating log of length L. The log is at rest relative to the bank. The diagram shows wave crests at one instant. The number of crests passing the log per unit time is N. The speed of the water waves relative to the log at rest is A. (N - 1). B. (N - 1). C. (N). D. (N). (1) 2. Two identical triangular pulses of amplitude X travel toward each other along a string. At the instant shown on the diagram below, point M is midway between the two pulses. The amplitude of the disturbance in the string as the pulses move through M is A. 2X. B. X. C. D. 0. (1) 3. A person is walking along one side of a building and a car is driving along another side of the building. The person can hear the car approach but cannot see it. This is explained by the fact that sound waves A. travel more slowly than light waves. B. are diffracted more at the corner of the building than light waves. C. are refracted more at the corner of the building than light waves. D. are longitudinal waves. (1) 4. A pulse is sent down a string fixed at one end. Which one of the following diagrams best represents the reflected pulse? (1) 5. The displacement d of a particle in a wave varies with distance x along a wave and with time t as shown below. Which expression gives the speed of the wave? A. B. C. D. (1) 6. A plane wave approaches and

  • Word count: 759
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: Physics
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