Simple Pendulum
Physics Lab Report: The Simple Pendulum Done By: Izzat Sharif IBDP/11 (A) Physics HL Aim: - To measure the acceleration due to gravity by a simple pendulum Hypothesis: - The period of an oscillating pendulum is given by the equation: T = 2?VL/g. Where T is the period time of the pendulum, L is the length of the thread of the pendulum, and g is the gravitational acceleration. The acceleration due to gravity can be calculated using this formula and by knowing both the time period, and the length of the thread of the pendulum. Apparatus: - Spherical bob, Thread, Stop Watch, Tall Stand, and Clamp Method: - Attach a long piece of thread to the pendulum bob. Fix the top of the thread on the stand. Set the bob to oscillate and count the number of oscillation (Say 20 oscillations). Measure the length (L) of the pendulum and the period (T). Change the length of the thread and measure the new period time. Repeat this for at least 7 trials. Data Collection: - Table 1: - The table below shows the variation between length of the string and the time period of the oscillating pendulum L / m (± 0.0005 m) T/ s (± 0.01 s) T2 / s (± 0.01 s) T3 / s (± 0.01) 0.2280 9.85 9.55 9.85 0.3610 2.97 3.10 2.84 0.3980 3.61 3.66 3.45 0.4460 3.73 3.67 3.51 0.5030 4.27 4.27 4.66 0.6730 6.33 6.35 6.39 0.8950 9.92 9.90 9.50 Data Processing: - L=
Speed of Sound in Air
Hypothesis The predicted velocity of sound in air is 344 m/s. Eg. v = ƒ? First Resonance: l = 1/4? ? = v/ƒ = 1/4 (1.34375m) = (344 m/s) / (256Hz) = 0.336m =1.344m Second Resonance: l = 3/4? = 3/4 (1.34375m) = 1.008 m Predicted Values of First and Second Resonance for Each Individual Tuning Fork Frequency (Hz) ± 0.5 Predicted Length of First Resonance (m ± 0.005m) Predicted Length of Second Resonance (m ± 0.005m) 256 0.336 .008 320 0.269 0.806 384 0.224 0.672 440 0.195 0.586 512 0.168 0.504 Variables Manipulated Variable * Tuning Fork Frequency (256 Hz, 320 Hz, 384 Hz, 440 Hz, 512 Hz) Responding Variable * Length of the tube at the first and second resonance Controlled Variables * Room Temperature (20.0°C ± 0.05°C) * Air Pressure (100 KPa) * Water Level (0.400m ± 0.005m) * Water Temperature (20.0°C ± 0.05°C) Procedure . Knowing the normal speed of sound in air (344 m/s), construct a chart and predict the lengths of the first and second resonance of each of the five different tuning forks. 2. Prepare a tall cylinder (0.300m ± 0.005m) filled with water, but not so much as it becomes full (about 5 cm of room should be left at the top). 3. Place a 0.400m long tube into the water filled cylinder and press the tube down to the bottom. 4. Hold the first tuning fork (256 Hz) closely over the top of the tube and strike
Universal Gravitation
Lab 2.4: Universal Gravitation Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to determine the value of the Universal Gravitational constant experimentally. Design: Using an apparatus similar to the one used by Cavendish two fixed masses will be brought close to two mobile masses which are attached to a horizontal rod that is suspended by the torsion wire. The distance between the masses is varied and the angular movement of the mobile masses will be related to the tensional force. Procedure: 1.) Adjust mobile masses so that the laser pointer strikes the scale at zero. 2.) Move the fixed masses into place. 3.) Allow the mobile masses to reach equilibrium. 4.) Record the distance. 5.) Determine the force from the scale. 6.) Tabulate your data and repeat. Data: Mobile Mass: 3.125 kg Fixed Mass: 9.588 kg The Force VS the Distance, the Reciprocal of the Distance and the Square Reciprocal of the Distance Force (N) x 10-6 Distance (cm) Reciprocal of Distance (cm) Square Reciprocal of Distance (cm) 9.9850 .00 .000 .000 4.9963 2.00 0.500 0.250 2.2206 3.00 0.333 0.111 .2491 4.00 0.250 0.063 0.7994 5.00 0.200 0.040 0.5551 6.00 0.167 0.028 0.4079 7.00 0.143 0.020 0.3123 8.00 0.125 0.016 0.2467 9.00 0.111 0.012 0.1999 0.00 0.100 0.010 0.1652 1.00 0.091 0.008 0.1388 2.00 0.083 0.007 0.1183 3.00 0.077 0.006 0.1020 4.00 0.071