Uncertainties in timing a tennis ball hitting the ground
Matthieu Robin 13/09/08 Physics 1th Grade Uncertainties in timing a tennis ball hitting the ground Introduction In a group of four, the aim was to record the time of a tennis ball being dropped from a certain point on the third floor of the Great Portland Place school campus until it hit the ground of the ground floor; and then record the uncertainties of the experiment. In this experiment the following apparatus was used; * two stopwatches which measures to 2 decimal places (1/100 of a second - centiseconds) * 4 ordinary tennis balls * Utensils to record the time of each tennis ball try There was 21 tries done using 4 different tennis balls, in order to gain sufficient data to provide a measurement of time taken. In order to improve the accuracy of the time of one try, time was recorded from the third floor and the ground floor simultaneously. These measures were all mainly relied upon our auditory and visionary perceptions. The results collected was then be used to calculate the most accurate gauge for a tennis ball being dropped from the third floor of the Great Portland Place campus until it hits the ground, without ignoring the inaccuracies which occurred during the experiment. Raw and Manipulated Data Tennis ball dropping tries Time measured from the ground
Verification Of Kepler's 3rd law
Challenge 9- Verification of Kepler's 3rd law using a database. Design Research Question: Is it possible to verify Kepler's 3rd law using a database? Hypothesis: I believe that it is possible to verify Kepler's 3rd law using a database due to the nature of the law. Kepler's law states that the square of the time of one orbital period is directly proportional to the cube of its average orbital radius. Mathematically this looks like: Where T is the orbital period and R is the orbital radius. As a result we can see that: In order to verify this law we have to draw a table using the database given and then draw a graph. The graph should be a straight line which will mean that indeed T2/R3= constant. Variables: Seeing that we are only using a database to try and verify a law there are absolutely no variables. All we are trying to do is show that Kepler's 3rd law works. There is no independent variable because we are not changing anything and there is no dependent variable because there is no independent one. Controlled variables don't exist either. However, this can be argued and we could see that the independent variable are the T and R that we are changing and the dependant variable is the constant which we are trying to show. Apparatus needed: * No apparatus is needed at all here other than a database and a spreadsheet in order to be able to verify this law. Method
Finding the Spring Constant
Practical 2- The application of Hook's law and SHM to calculate K (spring constant) One example of simple harmonic motion is the oscillation of a mass on a spring. The period of oscillation depends on the spring constant of the spring and the mass that is oscillating. The equation for the period, T, where m is the suspended mass, and k is the spring constant is given as We will use this relationship to find the spring constant of the spring and compare it to the spring constant found using Hooke's Law. * Independent variable: Mass (kg) * Dependant variable: Time DATA COLLECTION AND PROCESSING Raw Data Table 1 - Time needed for a spring to complete 10 oscillations Mass, m/grams Time for 10 oscillations (±0.21s) Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 00g ± 4 3.81 3.63 3.74 200g ± 8 5.46 5.30 5.37 300g ± 12 6.75 6.66 6.71 400g ± 16 7.78 7.81 7.78 500g ± 20 8.78 8.72 8.75 600g ± 24 9.69 9.60 9.62 700g ± 28 0.25 0.20 0.22 ////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////// Qualitative observations As more weights were added to the spring, the spring oscillated more slowly. However, when the mass surpassed 700g, the spring began to get deformed and its length changed therefore it could not be worked with. *The uncertainties for each mass will differ throughout
Investigating radioactive decay using coins
Challenge 10-Investiaging radioactive decay using coins. Research question: Does our radioactive modeling with coins illustrate radioactive decay? Hypothesis: I believe that it is possible to illustrate radioactive decay by trying to model it using coins. Radioactive decay is a random process and is not affected by external conditions. This means that there is no way of knowing whether or not a nucleus is going to decay within a certain period of time. However, due to the large numbers of atoms involved we can make some accurate predictions. For example, if we start with a given number of atoms then we can expect a certain number to decay in the next minute. If there were more atoms in the sample, we would expect the number decaying to be larger. As a result the rate of decay of a sample is directly proportional to the number of atoms in the sample. This proportionality means that radioactive decay is an exponential process. As a result, I believe that we can model radioactive decay using coins because by chance we should get half of the coins left each time which is exactly what half-life is. Variables: Independent variable: I am not sure about this one because I don't really think there is an independent variable in this investigation because we aren't changing anything other than the number of parent coins every time we throw them. Dependant variable: Similarly,
Pendulum lab. The main purpose for this experiment is to find the factor that will affect the time of a pendulum. In this scenario, the length is the one of the factor that will affect time.
Shin Park Mellin 4B Pendulum Lab Introduction A pendulum is a weight hanging from the pivot. When pulled back from a certain point and releases, the weight swings freely down by the force of gravity and swinging back and forth due to its inertia. The main purpose for this experiment is to find the factor that will affect the time of a pendulum. In this scenario, the length is the one of the factor that will affect time. During the experiment, the length of the string will altered to investigate the time period effect. Variables (X,Y) The independent variable for this investigation will be the length of the string that will affect the dependent variable, which is time (t) that takes to complete ten cycle of swinging left and right. As the length of the strings stretches or condense, it will take effect on time. Controlled variables * Length between the string and the peak of the T-bar, which is 30 centimeters. * The weight of the bob is 1000 grams. * Earth's gravity 9.81 m/ s 2 Materials & Procedures Materials I will use to conduct the pendulum lab are string, bob (1000 grams), T-bar, meter stick, and a stopwatch. One of my classmates will contribute to the experiment using a stopwatch to measure time while I conduct the procedures. . When all the materials are gathered, attach the T-bar to the lab table. 2. Tie the string to the T-bar 30 centimeters away
Aim: To prove the parallelogram law of vector addition
Physics Lab Report (2) -Sagar Batchu (11A) Data collection and Processing: Aim: To prove the parallelogram law of vector addition Apparatus: A wooden board,2 pulleys, thumbtacks, meter rule, long piece of string, meter rule, white A4 size paper, fourteen 0.1 N weights, and three hooks each with a weight of 0.1 Newton. Method: * We first take the wooden board and place it vertically on a flat surface. * We fix two pulleys at the top of the board and then hang the thread around the pulleys. * We make two loops on either side of the string to hang the hooks. * We make a list of the possible combinations of weights we can add on either side of the string. * In the center between the two pulleys we place one hook with 6 weights two make a total of 0.7 N (including the weight of the hook). * On either side of the string we hang the two remaining hooks. * According to the choices made, weights are hanged on either of the hooks. * After the weights come to rest a white sheet of paper is secured into place on the wooden block with the help of a tack. * The block is kept in the light and markings are made where the shadow of the string falls and the position of the center hook. * After this is done 5 times and readings are taken the parallelograms are completed and diagonals are drawn and measured. A suitable scale has to be taken. All these lengths are recorded.
Physics Pendulum Internal assesment
Measuring gravity using a pendulum Introduction In this experiment, I will be measuring the time it takes for a pendulum to oscillate and use the data to calculate the acceleration of the ball. With small swings a period of motion can be described using the equation: so this equation can be arranged to find gravity by using the pendulum to work out the period (T). Hypothesis I predict that the end value of gravity should always be close to 9.8 due to tests, as we know that acceleration due to gravity is approximately 9.81 , also the period will have increased due to the length being longer in the string therefore the amplitude could be bigger which can mean that the time for one period takes longer. Dependant Variable Independent Variable Controlled Variables Time Taken For 10 Oscillations Length Of String Weight of pendulum Angle from which ball is released Equipment * Stand * Boss * Clamp * String (at least 80cm) * 2 wooden blocks * Pendulum * Metre ruler * Stopwatch Diagram Method . Fix the string with the ball to a clamp as shown in the diagram above and afterwards the whole thing should look like the picture. 2. Practice timing and using the pendulum, make sure you measure as soon as the string passes through the centre point then out to the right, then to the left and then back to centre, and that counts as one full period, make sure that the
Power Lab - In the power lab, are group thought that Eric would do the most work because he has the most mass and thought that Ashley would do the least work because she had the lowest mass.
Ben Fitzgerald 9/21/09 Mr. Thorndike Power Lab Hypothesis: In the power lab, are group thought that Eric would do the most work because he has the most mass and thought that Ashley would do the least work because she had the lowest mass. We guessed that Ashley would generate the most power because she had to work harder than Eric who we thought would produce the least amount of energy. As we added the books to the current mass of our bodies, it required more work. Machines would be more efficient than humans when it comes to using energy. We guessed that we would have to eat a little amount of food to be able to climb the stairs with books, we guessed that Ashley would need one piece of cereal, I would need a piece of bread and Eric would need a granola bar. These estimations were guess to how well we would do in the power lab exercise. Procedure: . Obtain four books from Mr. Thorndike 2. Go to the staircase under Mr. Thorndike's room between the 2nd floor and the 1st floor mezzanine 3. Have Ashley run up the stairs without books from the very bottom to the very top 4. Record the time of Ashley going up the stairs without books with a stopwatch 5. Give Ashley the four books 6. Have Ashley run up the stairs with the four books from the very bottom to the very top 7. Record the time of Ashley going up the stairs with books with a stopwatch 8. Repeat steps 3-7
Refraction of Light by Water
Refraction of Light by Water and Refraction of Water into Air PURPOSE: . To investigate the refraction of light by water 2. To investigate the refraction of water into light 3. To develop Snell's Law MATERIALS: Refer to pp.46-47 of Physics 11 Laboratory Manual. Theory and Hypothesis: When we observe a straw in water, the straw appears to be disjointed because we are used to seeing light in a straight line. According to Snell's Law ( where 1 is the incident ray and 2 is the refracted ray), when light passes from a less dense to a more dense medium, the refracted ray should "bend" away from the normal; and when light is shot back from water into air, the refracted should "bend" toward the normal. This experiment should show us the results of Snell's Law by producing observed angles similar to the calculated angles. If I graph Sin i against Sin R of light from air into water, I should produce a straight line whose slope should resemble the n2 value of Snell's Law because n1 is the index of refraction of air, which is approximately 1. PROCEDURES: Refer to pp.46-47 of Physics 11 Laboratory Manual. DATA AND OBSERVATIONS: Table 1 - Refraction of Light by Water Observation Angle of incident ray (i) (± 1.0°) Angle of Refracted ray (R) (± 1.0°) Sin i Sin R Sin i/Sin R 0.0° 0.0° 0.0 ± 0.0 0.0 ± 0.0 Undefined 2 0.0° 8.0° 0.174 ± 0.034 0.14 ±
Bullet Train Newtons Laws
MYP Physics - Newton's Laws - One World Essay Phoebe Ho 10.4 7th November 2008 A speeding bullet train, also known as The Shinkansen has a tremendous force, moving at the speed of 262 km/h. Newtons 2nd Law (The Law Of Motion) is often stated as "F=ma: the net force on an object is equal to the mass of the object multiplied by its acceleration." The bullet train applies to Newton's 2nd Law, this is because the bullet train has a tremendous force, in order for this great force it's mass would be small. Therefore the reason it accelerates so fast is because of such a big force and smaller mass compared to other trains. Mr. Hideo Shima first built the bullet train in Japan. He was born in the year 1901 and died in Tokyo when he was 96 years old. The '0' series was the first bullet train to start moving on rails on the 1st of October, 1964 by Central & West Japan Railways on the Tokaido and Sanyo Shinkansen from Tokyo to Osaka and Hakata, just in time for the Olympics in Tokyo. The first Shinkansen train ran at speeds up to 210 km/h. Japan was one of the first countries to become aware of the problems of the car. With Tokyo, being such a highly populated city. Japan became aware that the motorcar was not going to work efficiently and environmentally. The Japanese bullet train is recognized with being the world's fastest train. The bullet train has a reputation for being