How does the period of the mass - spring system depend on the mass ?
IB Physics Title: Mass Spring System Research Question: How does the period of the mass - spring system depend on the mass ? Hypothesis: Variables: Independent variable in this experiment was the mass. Dependent variable of this system is the Period. Control Variable of the system is the spring constant if the same spring was used and temperature is a also another controlled variable which can affect the system. Method: . Attach a spring to the clamp 2. select the different weights that you are going to be using in the experiment 3. make a table that can record three trial of each mass and also the amount of the spring stretches when the mass is hung from the spring. 4. push the spring up until it starts bending and then let it go and you can start counting anytime you want but quickly for 10 oscillations and record how long it takes to complete the cycle 4 times Data: Original length of spring 76.5cm ±0.3 Mass Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Length of Spring after stretching with weight 20g ± 1 3.73s ± 0.3 3.30s ± 0.3 3.69s ± 0.3 3.43s ± 0.3 75.0cm ±0.3 40g ±2 4.59s ± 0.3 4.59s ± 0.3 4.45s ± 0.3 4.66s ± 0.3 72.8 cm ±0.3 100g ±1 6.84s ± 0.3 6.88s ± 0.3 6.70s ± 0.3 6.85s ± 0.3 65.5 cm ±0.3 200g ±1 9.32s ± 0.3 9.57s ± 0.3 9.80s ± 0.3 9.78s ± 0.3 53.7 cm ±0.3 300g ±2 11.88s ±0.3 11.87s ± 0.3 11.89s ±
Experiment to compare the radiation of heat from different objects.
Aim To observe the energy produced per second depending on the rate of cooling from the objects depending upon the relative ability of its surface to emit energy by radiation of heat. Hypothesis The black body has an emissivity of 1 whereas the silver body has an emissivity of 0.1. Emissivity is referred as the ability to emit energy by radiation. Hence the black body will produce more energy. The experiment has to perform with great caution so as the heat radiated by our body does not interfere with the calculated readings. Method . Acquire a clamp stand and fix the thermometer to on it 2. Boil water greater , then 85 degrees Celsius and pour the water into a graduating cylinder of volume 250 ml 3. After measuring the volume pour the water into anyone of the cylinders depending on which the experiment is performed i.e. If one is performing experiment on black cylinder pour the water into black cylinder. 4. After pouring the water in to the cylinder, adjust the cylinder on the clamp stand such that the thermometer is in the boiling water in the center of the container and touches no surface inside the container. 5. At 85 degrees Celsius start the stopwatch and take the temperature readings at equal intervals of time of 20 seconds until 180 seconds 6. Perform the experiment 5 times for each of the cylinders Apparatus needed . Clamp stand 2. Thermometer 3.
How does the sinkage depth of a tyre affect its rolling resistance ?
Running Head HOW DOES SINKAGE DEPTH OF A TIRE AFFECT ITS ROLLING RESISTANCE ? How Does Sinkage depth of a tire affect its rolling resistance ? Physics Ashish Raj 0510-0 ABA An IB world school Word Count :- 3691 words Table of contents Abstract 3 Introduction 4 Theory 5 Mathematical Modelling 7 Method of Investigation 8 Results 9 Evaluation 11 Conclusion 14 Limitations in the model 15 Bibliography 16 Abstract The exploration is a laboratory experiment intended to explore relationship between rolling resistance of a tire
Investigating maximum braking conditions in a bicycle
Investigation- maximum braking INTRODUCTION: Many measures have been taken by the companies to increase the safety level of cycles. Investigating as the factors would require further studies. However, one of the important factors is the brake. Modulation and braking efficiency have been taken into account by many companies. Important factors to be considered are: . Weight distribution of the rider on bicycle (shift in the center of mass) 2. Weight and load transfer during braking 3. The friction acting on the bicycle’s tires AIM: To investigate the effect of limitations on maximum braking on a free- ride bicycle. RESEARCH QUESTION: what limitations affect the maximum braking in a free ride bike? Considering the factors: . Static friction: The bike is subjected to static friction when it is rolling, the dynamic friction starts acting once the value exceeds the maximum static friction and the bikes starts to skid. This is a limitation for braking as it would be very difficult to balance. The following formula can be used to determine the maximum force of friction present: Here, is the coefficient of static friction, is the normal force On assuming that initially bicycle is on a flat ground, we know that the normal force in perpendicular therefore the sum of the frictional forces acting on the bicycle is: . Deceleration at which the bike will tip over:
Researching water turbine designs.
Investigation: Design of a Runner Background: Runner – Is a rotating part of Turbine consisting of curved vanes/blades or buckets on wheel that is turned by pressure of high veloctiy of water, thereby transforming falling water energy into rotating mechanical energy. There are mainly 3 types of Runners: ) Kaplan Runner: They are quite suitable for low heads and large discharge/ head variations ranging from 10M to 60M. 2) Francis Runner: Have widest range of application. They can operate under very different head ranging from 30M to 700M. 3) Pelton Runner: They can operate under a very large range of heads up to 1800M. Aim: To Define Type of Runner to be used in Hydro Power Plant in order to generate Power based on the net head of water and flow rate. Research question: How does the Water head and flow rate effect the type and size of Runner. Introduction: Types of turbines: Impulse turbines Pelton turbines Pelton turbines are impulse turbines where one or more jets impinge on a wheel carrying on its periphery a large number of buckets. Each jet issues water through a nozzle with a needle valve to control the flow. They are only used for high heads from 60 m to more than 1 000 m. The axes of the nozzles are in the plan of the runner. In case of an emergency stop of the turbine (e.g. in case of load rejection), the jet may be diverted by a deflector so that it
IB Physics Design Lab - Does the temperature a bar magnet is exposed to affect the magnetic field strength of the bar magnet?
Physics Design Lab – Magnetism Research Question: Does the temperature a bar magnet is exposed to affect the magnetic field strength of the bar magnet? Background Information: We have learned that at high temperatures, the atoms in a metallic bar magnet start to vibrate faster, in a random manner. This causes the magnetic domains in the bar magnet to lose their orientation, further leading to the domains not being in the same direction, as they were previous to heating. As the domains lose their orientation, they cancel out each other’s magnetic field, leading to an overall weaker magnet. This explanation leads to the theory that heating is a means of demagnetization, which we learned in lower classes. On the other hand, cooling a magnet leads to the borders of the domain to move ever so slightly to lead to a further preferential state (and orientation), thus leading to the formation of an even stronger bar magnet. This leads to the conclusion that cooling is a means of increasing magnetic field strength. This investigation will look to test these two theories, and in general, look to find a trend between the temperature of a magnet and its magnetic field strength. This is a very important part of our lives, as in the future we look to create ‘super-magnets’ at 0K which are extremely strong. Hypothesis: It can be hypothesized that at higher temperatures, due to
Investigating optical properties of Jelly.
Candidate Name: Session: May 2015 Page | International Baccalaureate Diploma Program (IBDP) Session: May 2015 Physics HL Lab Report Lab Report Title: Investigating optical properties of Jelly. Criteria Assessed: * Design (D) Candidate Name: Candidate Number: International School, Singapore RESEARCH QUESTION: What is the relationship between the temperature and the refractive index of Jelly? INTRODUCTION: When a beam of light of any wavelength travels, it bends towards or away from its normal and this phenomena is known as refraction. The refractive index, n, is given:. While travelling from less to a more optically dense medium, the beam of light slows down and bends towards the normal and while travelling from a dense to a less optically dense medium, the beam of light speeds up and bends away from the normal. Strawberry Jelly is an optically denser medium compared to air and hence, when an incident beam of light travels from air into the Jelly, it slows down and bends towards the normal. In this investigation, the refractive index of a translucent cube of strawberry Jelly is investigated. Regardless of the ingredients, Jelly is formed by crystallization and the rigidity of the structure of the crystals is dependent on its temperature. Thus, the temperature can alter the optical density of Jelly as a result of which, the
Determining the diameter of a piece of Nichrome wire by determining its resistivity
Candidate Name: Session: May 2015 Page | International Baccalaureate Diploma Program (IBDP) Session: May 2015 Physics HL Lab Report Lab Report Title: Determining diameter using resistivity. Criteria Assessed: * Data Collection and Processing (DCP) * Conclusion and Evaluation (CE) Candidate Name: Candidate Number: International School, Singapore AIM: To determining the diameter of a piece of Nichrome wire by determining its resistivity. INTRODUCTION: Metals have low resistance due to their delocalized field of electrons. However, different metals have different values of resistance. In this experiment, the students were given a spool of Nichrome wire to determine its diameter. Nichrome, as the name suggests, is an alloy of Nickel, Chromium and Iron. The resistance of a conductor depends on its inherent resistivity (ρ), length (l) and its cross-sectional area (A). The resistance is given by the following formula (#1): . Where, R = Resistance (Ω) ρ = Resistivity (Ω.m) l = length (m) and, A = cross-sectional area of the conductor. To determine the cross-sectional area of the wire, the diameter was first determined using a micrometer screw gauge. The formula (#2) that relates the diameter to the cross sectional area of the wire is: The electrical resistance can be determined by an ohmmeterlength, using a ruler,
AIM: To determine the acceleration due to gravity on Earth using the drop ball technique.
Candidate Name: Session: May 2015 Page | International Baccalaureate Diploma Program (IBDP) Session: May 2015 Physics HL Lab Report Lab Report Title: Determining acceleration due to gravity. Criteria Assessed: * Data Collection and Processing (DCP) * Conclusion and Evaluation (CE) Candidate Name: Candidate Number: International School, Singapore AIM: To determine the acceleration due to gravity on Earth using the ‘drop ball’ technique. INTRODUCTION: Gravity is one of the four fundamental forces and on Earth, it pulls everything towards the center of the Earth. According to Newton’s second law, since gravity is a force, it will cause any mass to accelerate. The objective of this experiment is to find the acceleration of any mass due to gravity on Earth. Since the Earth has an atmosphere, free fall of a mass is technically not possible due to the constant upward drag caused by wind. However, when the mass itself is many times denser than air, the effect of air resistance on its movement can be neglected. Hence, to find the acceleration due to gravity (g) in this experiment; all the students were given metal bob pendulum. Since a metal bob’s density is many times higher than air and its spherical shape is aerodynamic, the effect of air resistance on its downward descent could be ignored. where S = distance travelled,
Efficiency Lab
Anthony Leung Block E Bow and Arrow Lab - Efficiency Research Question: How does efficiency with which the bow transfers energy to the arrow depend on the mass of the arrow? Hypothesis: Efficiency will increase as the mass of the arrow increases, as Eff= Eout/ Ein. Variables: Independent - the mass of the arrow. In this procedure, this variable was calculated by weighing with an electronic balance to ascertain and acquire the margin of error. A series of different massed arrows were used to determine the change in efficiency of the energy transfer from the bow and to increase the level of precision. Dependent - efficiency with which the bow transfers energy. The dependent variable is the resultant, or the value that we are attempting to measure. As the equipment to measure this is out of our reach, we can only to calculate this value. Controlled - the height of the bow. The height of the bow is kept at a constant height in order to maintain the precision of the procedure. If the height of the bow is not kept constant and controlled, then the displacement of the bowstring will differ, although slightly, and impair the precision of the experiment, as there will be a different force of gravity acting upon the string. Materials: * Ring stand * Clamp * Bow * Metre stick * Set of arrows (1-9) * Electronic balance Procedure: . Gather the necessary arrows and weigh on