Effect of substrate concentration on catalase activity (Biology IA)
Title Effect of substrate concentration on catalase activity Aim To prove that at different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, the rate of catalase activity in chicken liver differs. Hypothesis When chicken liver is exposed to hydrogen peroxide, the higher the concentration of the solution, the faster the activity of catalase because the decomposition rate of hydrogen peroxide increases when its concentration is higher (in the presence of chicken liver). Variables Independent Variables * Concentration of hydrogen peroxide Dependent Variables * Time taken for coloured liquid to rise by 5cm against different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide Controlled Variables * Amount of chicken liver used - cubes cut with a scalpel to approximately 1cm x 1cm x 1cm * Amount of hydrogen peroxide used - 5cm3 measured with a syringe before addition to the chicken liver * Temperature of liver (not controlled) * Age of liver (not controlled) * Source of liver (not controlled) Materials and Apparatus Materials: Apparatus: * 6x Chicken Liver Pieces - 1cm x 1cm x 1cm * 5% Hydrogen Peroxide Solution (5cm3) * 4% Hydrogen Peroxide Solution (5cm3) * 3% Hydrogen Peroxide Solution (5cm3) * 2% Hydrogen Peroxide Solution (5cm3) * 1% Hydrogen Peroxide Solution (5cm3) * 0.5% Hydrogen Peroxide Solution (5cm3) * Coloured Liquid * Distilled Water * 3x 20cm3 Syringes * 1x
Pro-Natalist China's population policy
Introduction: China has the largest world population, and with most of its cities densely populated. It has a policy which is most recognizable globally, as it is the most rigid compared to any other countries, this policy admits only one child per couple, and due to this fact it is named as "One Child Policy." s Background information on the Population: What was the problem? Due to the high fertility rate, numerous disasters such as pressure on resources (water, food, medical care, and housing) and a virus such as SARS will not spread as fast if the population in China declines. Causes of High Fertility rate: Before 1949, before the communists came into power, china was at stage 1 of demographic transition model, and had between 5-8 children per family. By the time, birth rate, death rate, infant mortality rate were all relatively high, and with a low life expectancy. This shows that the population was increasing at an extremely slow rate. Consequently, large families were encouraged, as the government followed a pro-natalistic population policy. 0 years later in 1960, there was a dramatic increase in population with approximately 100 million people more; this determined a change in demographic transition model from first to second stage. In addition, as a result, there were improvements made in some medical services. Due to the death of Mao in 1976, the government
Symbols employed in "The American Beauty" and their effects
Implications of the Roses in "American Beauty" The rose has long been used as an archetype in literature and films. This flower is the manifestation of absolute beauty for artist in different genres and cultures but also symbolizes love and romance presented in the most primitive way of human nature. In the film "American Beauty", the symbol of rose is weaved in throughout the movie and is used not only to manifest the aspects of beauty but also reveals each unique character and their role in society. The rose is first seen in the beginning of the film with the accompaniment of Lester's narration about his life and family relations. Alan Ball employs the roses in the beginning scene as a symbol for power and success which she tries to pursuit in her career and family. We see Carolyn taking care of the roses in the garden and with the absence of Lester while she is socializing with the neighbors; the audience realizes that she is the dominant figure in the family. The fact that the neighbor is praising the beauty of the roses indicates that Carolyn is the iconic figure in the Burnham family and that she is recognized as an important and successful person in society. The success Carolyn has in her life, portrayed by the beauty of the roses, further highlights Lester's lack of masculinity in both society and family, establishing the two contrasting characters right at the
Compare and Contrast the Policies of Alexander II and Alexander III
Abhishek Puri History- HL 20/08/2009 Compare and Contrast the policies of Alexander II and Alexander III Tsar's Alexander II and his son, Alexander III had different an entirely different ideology when it came to the question of reform. On one hand, Alexander II was a liberalist, this reflects in his reforms which include the Emancipation of the Serfs in 1861- where twenty to thirty million serfs were emancipated on private estates and also domestic households and also the abolishment of capital punishment. Other reforms of Alexander II included the founding of the Zemstva- a system of local self-government. On the other hand, successor Alexander III had a conservative ideology. He believed in the doctrines of Nationalism, Eastern Orthodoxy and autocracy. Alexander III often questioned his father's reforms, which he thought were too liberal and diminish the power of autocratic leadership of the country. After his accession of the throne, Alexander III started a wave of "anti-reforms", as he reversed his father's liberal reforms. Tsars Alexander II and Alexander III differed on the level of Foreign policy, Judicial and Educational Reforms but they shared a sense of Russian Nationalism. Both Tsars Alexander II and Alexander III had different view points on Foreign Policy. Alexander II pushed for military conquests and urged annexation of the nearest countries to augment
Comparison of emma and charls in madame bovary
Madame Bovary Similarities and differences of Emma and Charles In the first part of the novel, Madame Bovary, written by Gustave Flaubert, there are two main characters introduced to us; Emma Rouault and Charles Bovary. These two characters marry and become the "Bovary's". They both have interesting characteristics that lead to being opposing characters. In part one, we come across several descriptions of appearance, personality, education, background, and attitudes; that help us analyze these. The novel starts off with an introduction of what type of person Charles was during his childhood at school and what his classmates thought of him. Since a very young age, Charles had always been a very educated and respectful person towards others but always showed to be very insecure. He was described as "[...] country lad [...] taller than any of us (pg15)". Therefore you can see that his class mates didn't really accept him because he was different as for his physical appearance, character and style of dressing. The narrator talks to the reader as a school mate which sat in his class and observed him very carefully, he is also described as a forgettable child which shows that his presence didn't remain in people's minds. During his school years, Charles tried his best to attain the best results he could as he had never received a primary education- They "[...] postponed sending
Outline the causes and effects of one movement of labour from one region to another.
Charis Ow Mr Ben Hough Global Interactions - HL extension Economic interactions and flows Outline the causes and effects of one movement of labour from one region to another. Unemployment has been a serious issue occurring in many regions such as South Asia, where population is growing rapidly and its undeveloped economies -further elevating unemployment rates. Over the years, individuals struggle to look for suitable occupations up to the extent of migrating overseas due to many reasons. There are many causes of the movement of labour from one region to another -one of them is the low wages from their origin which pushes them to look for a better one as it does not pay well enough for them to support their families. For example, LEDCs such as India and Bangladesh would opt for a better lifestyle as they commonly perceive that working overseas would help them to live a more improved lifestyle. In addition to that, labour workers might find that there are better paid wages in other regions such as South East Asia and the Americas so that they could support their family -providing better food and necessities. Besides that, rapid economic development in these MEDCs attracts labour workers to migrate overseas as they believe the economy is more stable and there will be fewer fluctuations of inflation rates so that they would have less risky and long-term jobs. This
IB BIOLOGY INTERNAL POTATO OSMOSIS
Aim: To investigate the effect of changing solute concentrations on the process of osmosis in potato chip of a given size. Hypothesis: I predict that as the solute concentration increases, the mass of the potato will decrease because due to osmosis, water has the tendency of flowing to an area of low concentration from an area of high concentration, and as the solute concentrations increase, there will be a lower concentration of water in the solution, hence the potato mass will decrease. The independent variable in this experiment will be the solute concentrations. Water and sugar solutes of 0.1, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.8 mols -1 will be used in the experiment The dependent variable in this experiment will be the mass of the potato chips after osmosis compared to before the osmosis. There are several controlled variable worth mentioning. Make sure all potato chips used are of the same length, by measuring each with a ruler. Use only solid, whole potato chips, check the solidity by observing each chip. Measure the quantity of solutes used with a measuring cylinder, and measure at eye level to obtain accurate measurements, use the same amount of solute for all types of concentrations. Control the time period allowed for osmosis, by timing with an electronic timer from the exact moment the chips are placed in the solutes. The cups used for the solutes must be completely dry before
The Aral Sea
examine the causes and effects of biodiversity loss in tropical rainforests Biodiversity refers to the variety and quantity of all forms of life on Earth such as plants, animals and micro-organisms. It is estimated that there are up to 30 million different living species on Earth and more than 50 percent of these species live in the tropical rainforests. (rain-tree, N/A) Tropical rainforests play and important role in the world's natural environment as well as human society, as they not only provide a safe home for numerous plants and animals and help stabilize the world's climate and nature, but also also are a great source for medicines and foods. However numerous lives in tropical rainforests are at risk due to human deforestation. Deforestation in tropical rainforests as the major cause of the tragic loss of biodiversity, mainly happens due to globalization and cattle ranching, hydroelectric power, migration and logging. As a consequence, the ecosystem is disrupted, soil is eroded, carbon dioxide levels are increased and the nutrient cycle is affected. Globalization and cattle ranching is one of the major causes of loss of biodiversity due to deforestation in tropical rainforests. Meanwhile, industrial countries continue to develop and the demand for cattle is rapidly increasing. Over the past 25 years, rainforests have been cleared from an area the size of the entire
Enzyme Coursework. Investigation to find the effect of substrate concentration on the rate of an enzyme controlled reaction
Investigation to find the effect of substrate concentration on the rate of an enzyme controlled reaction Design Aspect 1: Defining the problem and selecting variables Investigation title: is the rate of an enzyme controlled reaction affected by substrate concentration? Background information Enzymes are often referred to as "biological catalysts", since they increase the rate of reactions in living organisms. Enzymes are also substrate specific, which means that only a specific substrate can fit into its active site (which is where the catalysing effect occurs) and as such, there are different enzymes which deal with different reactions (for example, protease breaks down proteins into amino acids) - this is the basis for the 'lock and key' theory. The stages of an enzyme controlled reaction are: ) Enzyme + substrate The enzyme and substrate are in solution together 2) Enzyme substrate complex A substrate has moved into the active site 3) Enzyme product complex The reaction has taken place, but the products haven't been released from the active site 4) Enzyme + product The enzyme and product are now in solution together (after the product was released from the active site) The rate of an enzyme controlled reaction are mainly affected by: temperature, substrate concentration, enzyme concentration and pH. By increasing the substrate concentration, there is a higher
Population in Brazil
Sasha Zouev Geography IB, 5/09/05 IB Case Study: Brazil Population, Distribution, Density Introduction: As one of the most commonly studied populous LEDC's in the world, Brazil certainly has very interesting features and patterns regarding its population and distribution. First of all, Brazil is the largest and most inhabited country in South America, and fifth in the world. Its 8,500,000 square kilometer land area borders countries such as Colombia, Venezuela and Bolivia. The aim of this case study is to examine, section by section, the different factors that affect Brazilian population growth and distribution by looking at areas such as geographical positioning, politics, history, and generate some sort of conclusion. Distribution: Brazil's population is mostly concentrated alongside the coast. Coastal states, with a sum area of about 35% of Brazil, in fact account for about 87% of the entire population. Brazil can often be divided into clear-cut social, geographical and economic regions (figure 1). Masking half of the country, the Northern area has the dense and tropical basin of the Amazon (largest rain forest and largest river in volume of water in the world). The northeast, which is the most economically handicapped region, relies heavily on agriculture as its main economic activity. The area that is the wealthiest, and contains half of Brazils total
