LEDCs are more vulnerable to hazard events than MEDCs. Discuss.
"LEDCs are more vulnerable to hazard events than MEDCs. Discuss." Natural hazard events occur all throughout the world and subject many people to negative impacts, however in different degrees due to certain factors which depend on the countries affected themselves. Impacts of such hazard events can be classified into three categories, namely social, economic and environmental impacts. These impacts can vary spatially or temporally - depending on the area subjected as well as the span of time the disaster lasts for, affecting assessment of vulnerability. Vulnerability is defined as the conditions that increase the susceptibility of a community to a hazard or to the impacts of a hazard event. Deciding whether some impacts are greater than others in terms of vulnerability is difficult due to this variation, however the extent of impact is often influenced by the wealth of the area which the hazard event is subjected upon - LEDCS are less economically developed, and usually have little capital to start off with, leaving even less on the technology that is often more readily available in MEDCs, the more economically developed countries, making the population in the former already more vulnerable than the latter. However, this does not prevent hazards from occurring in MEDCs and the monetary status of a country cannot influence the magnitude or frequencies of hazard events, two
Impact of Polish migration to the UK
IMPACTS OF POLISH MIGRATION TO UK Migration has economic, social and political effects on both countries involved, i.e. the home and the host country. Some of these effects are symmetric in the sense that the positive effects for one country are mirrored one-to-one by negative effects on the other. Other impacts of emigration may be beneficial for both countries. It is difficult to find a specific feature of migration that has a negative impact at the same time on both countries, as in this case it would probably did not happen. It is difficult to give accurate figures about the total Polish-origin community in UK. It is estimated that currently it is composed of circa one million, including both those who are settled permanently and those who migrate only a temporary basis. But only around half a million are officially residents registered. Due mainly to personal and family reasons, the majority of the migrants are on a temporary basis. There may be also a difficult distinction between temporary and permanent migration, in general: is a polish emigrant to UK who intends to work in UK until his retirement age, permanent or temporary emigrant? The Polish migration to UK has its origins in the First and Second World War and the disastrous, bloody invasions suffered by Poland from Germany and the Soviet Union, respectively during the XX Century. Reflecting the importance of
Pro-natalist Australia
Pro-natalist, Australia Background Information Australia is considered the most sparely populated continent in terms of the population density, 2.6 persons per km2. Like most of the developed countries are having problems with the issues of population, Australia is not exceptional. In fact, there has been the substantial fall in fertility rates since 1960s. Australia's total fertility rate has declined from 3.5 in 1961 to 1.73 in 2001, and in 2007 was 1.93 babies per woman with two child families the most common type. Also, there are concerns of the ageing of the Australian population, implying that there are fewer babies being born compared with a number of elderly population increased by life expectancy. Australia's population is ageing and the evidence for this demographic change is undeniable. The result of falling fertility, increasing life expectancy and the effect of the baby boomer generation moving through older age groups, has contributed to an increase in the number and proportion of people aged over 65 years. These trends are anticipated to continue and numbers of people aged over 65 years and proportions of people over 85 years are growing while proportion of the population aged between 15 and 64 years (labor force age) are falling. The main cause of the falling fertility rates is the increased empowerment of women. In Australia, greater numbers of females
Earthquakes: the Same Effects, but Differing Responses
Earthquakes: the Same Effects, but Differing Responses Earthquakes are the result of energy release within the earth's crust, as well as an immense natural hazard greatly affecting people - despite whether it is a more or less economically developed country. However, the way in which responses occur may differ between these regions. Underlying friction is the initial cause of earthquakes. As tectonic plates begin to shift, they are resistant and still held together by friction - whether with another plate, or the mantle. However, the force to shift the plate continues despite the friction against this force, until the force overpowers the friction and the plate moves; causing many impacts. Some include shaking and ground rupture; resulting in more or less damage to infrastructure, landslides and avalanches; which can occur if slopes are produced from the earthquake; and fires, if the earthquake causes damage to electrical power or gas lines. Other impacts include those caused by water - such as a tsunami; if the earthquake has caused sudden or abrupt movement of large masses of water, and floods; which occur from an overflow of water onto land. Lastly, humans can be impacted as earthquakes can cause injury and loss of life. Responses to earthquakes are affected by economic factors and types of technology available. Some immediate responses include rescue and medical teams
Examine the strategies used in the transfer of capital between core and peripheral areas
Geography HL Essay: Examine the strategies used in the transfer of capital between core and peripheral areas. There are various strategies which are made use of when transferring capital between the core and peripheral areas. These are mainly loans and debt repayment, remittances, foreign direct investment and the repatriation of profits. Loans and debt repayment is used worldwide in which the developing countries collectively owe $2.3 trillion to foreign creditors. The advantages brought by such a transfer of capital between core and peripheral areas is the opportunity countries get to finance necessary resources in order to build up and develop themselves by improving their education and housing in Sub-Saharan Africa for example. The total money owed has however been cut due to the HIPC plan which reduced the 218$ billion owed to $180 billion. As a result of these loans and repayments, food, clothing, housing, medicines and medical care became cheaper and simultaneously, their quality improved since earlier times. This as a result makes it easier and better for LEDCs to afford such resources, benefiting their standard of living and development of their economy. The loans and debts still however need to be repaid, and as a result countries will need to pay interest on this and pay back the principal. Even bad loans will have to be repaid, and especially for LEDCs this can
China's One Child Policy
Sasha Zouev Geography 09/11/05 China's One Child Policy China is the 3rd biggest country in the world in terms of land area. However in terms of population, China is by far the leading nation with a population of roughly 1,306,313,000 people (2005 est). Brief History of China's Population 1905 - 1978 China was founded in 1949 at a time when the country had a population of about 540 million. Within three decades the population was above 800 million. This record population boost from the 1950s to the 1970s fashioned a strong population momentum that is motivating China's population expansion in spite of already low levels of fertility. It is hypothesized that China's population will grow to some 1.48 billion. Nonetheless, all of this growth will take place during the next 25 years. In its most recent medium variant projection, the UN Population Division estimates that China's population will rise by 260 million between 1995 and 2025. This certainly causes a major crisis for China's food supply: within only three decades the nation will have to feed an additional 260 million people (equivalent to the total population of the USA). At the bottom of the Chinese population pyramid (see fig. 1) one can again see large associates that were born between 1985 and 1990. They are almost as large as the birth cohorts during the "baby boom" years. However, these large number of
The Effect of Temperature on Enzymatic Activity. Aim To investigate enzyme activity of yeast on glucose at different temperatures
Effect of Temperature on enzyme activity Aim To investigate enzyme activity of yeast on glucose at different temperatures Hypothesis As the temperature increases, enzyme activity will also increase. At lower temperatures enzyme activity will be less than when the temperature is higher. Also if temperature is increased too much, enzymatic activity will fall. This is because the molecules in glucose will move faster and the enzymes will be have increased activity because of increased movement. Also since all enzymes have an optimum temperature at which enzymatic activity is the highest, increasing the temperature will move enzyme closer to optimum temperature. But if temperature is increased too much, enzyme will start to denature (loss of three-dimensional structure) and thus the enzymatic activity will fall again Key Variables Independent: Temperature Dependent: Enzymatic activity (number of bubbles) Controlled: Amount of water that the solution is submerged in Time Concentration of glucose Materials • • 100mL beakers x5 (label from A-E) • • 5 cm3 syringes x5 • • 10 cm3 of 10% yeast solution • • 15cm3 of 2% glucose solution • • 1 thermometer • • 2 hotplates • • Stopwatch • • Ice cubes x 6 • • 400mL water • • Observations chart & pen Method . 1. Place 6 ice cubes and 80 mL of water into Beaker A 2. 2. Measure
Symbols employed in "The American Beauty" and their effects
Implications of the Roses in "American Beauty" The rose has long been used as an archetype in literature and films. This flower is the manifestation of absolute beauty for artist in different genres and cultures but also symbolizes love and romance presented in the most primitive way of human nature. In the film "American Beauty", the symbol of rose is weaved in throughout the movie and is used not only to manifest the aspects of beauty but also reveals each unique character and their role in society. The rose is first seen in the beginning of the film with the accompaniment of Lester's narration about his life and family relations. Alan Ball employs the roses in the beginning scene as a symbol for power and success which she tries to pursuit in her career and family. We see Carolyn taking care of the roses in the garden and with the absence of Lester while she is socializing with the neighbors; the audience realizes that she is the dominant figure in the family. The fact that the neighbor is praising the beauty of the roses indicates that Carolyn is the iconic figure in the Burnham family and that she is recognized as an important and successful person in society. The success Carolyn has in her life, portrayed by the beauty of the roses, further highlights Lester's lack of masculinity in both society and family, establishing the two contrasting characters right at the
Experiment to investigate the effect of different antibiotics on the bacteria Bacillus subtilis:
Experiment to investigate the effect of different antibiotics on the bacteria Bacillus subtilis: Aim: To see which antibiotic (Chloramphenicol, Erythromycin, Fusidic Acid, Oxacillin, Novobiocin, Penicillin, Streptomyan and Tetracycline) reacting with the Bacillus subtilis has the largest zone of inhibition in mm (+/- 0.5mm) and so which has the biggest effect on the bacteria. Introduction: Gram -positive bacteria are bacteria that are dark blue or violet when gram staining. Gram-positive organisms are able to keep the crystal violet stain because of a high amount of peptidoglycan in the cell wall. This makes up about 90% of the thick, more than 20 layers of peptidoglycan together. Gram-positive organisms normally do not have the outer membrane, whereas Gram-negative organisms do. Gram-positive bacteria include many well -known genera like Streptococcus and Bacillus. Most pathogenic bacteria in humans are Gram-positive organisms and these are used to manufacture antibiotics. Bacillus subtilis, also known as the hay bacillus or grass bacillus is a Gram- positive bacterium, which is mostly found in soil. Bacillus subtilis is not a human pathogen and it can contaminate food but rarely causes food poisoning. Bacillus subtilis spores can survive the extreme heat during cooking and Bacillus subtilis is responsible for causing a sticky, stringy consistency in spoiled bread
Describe and explain how the improvement in transport over the last 50 years has increased the global interactions between countries.
Describe and explain how the improvement in transport over the last 50 years has increased the global interactions between countries (10 marks) Transportation is one of the main influences of the development of global interactions between countries. Over the years, transportation allows urban areas to expand, permit regional economic development and overcome the effect of distance -further developing universal communication. There are many forms of transport -road, rail, ocean, air and pipelines. In this essay, by comparing both ocean and air transportation and analysing the various advantages, we can see how the improvements in transport over the last 50 years has increased the global interactions between countries. First of all, although water transportation is considered to be quite expensive, however, it is fairly at a reasonable price as ocean shipping is able to bear more cargos than other forms of transport. The higher capacity enables more goods to be shipped at once which further improves trading activities, making it faster and more efficient. Besides that, free ports are available now in certain countries which attract more imports that can be manufactured into goods that are than exported without having to pay duties or tax. This allows more trading activities to take place without having to fuss over taxes and other additional payments. Moreover, more imports
