Evaluate the Impact of PPG 16 on Archaeological Practice
Evaluate the Impact of PPG 16 on Archaeological Practice In November 1990, archaeology in England saw a series of fundamental changes to the practice and application of the archaeology of planned development sites, with the Department of the Environment's 'Planning and Policy Guidance Note 16'. This document is directed at the planning authorities, property owners, developers, amenity societies and the general public, as well as the archaeological community. Wales and Scotland have very similar guidance policies, and PPG 16 has become the basis of all rescue archaeology - and therefore the majority of excavations - in England. Imitation being the sincerest form of flattery, similar models are being implemented in other areas of the world such as Romania and Taiwan1 As a pre-excavation guidance strategy, PPG 16 'advocates the presumption of preserving important archaeological sites and their settings'.2 It can therefore be seen as an official endorsement of the fact that 'archaeological remains are a non-renewable and fragile source [for which] care must be taken to ensure they are not thoughtlessly destroyed [and that] they are part of our national identity.'3 Having set out the key factors to consider with regard to the effects of environmental planning on the archaeological record in section A, the document goes on to state in section B how developers and planners
Senior Citizens Christmas Party 2002
Senior Citizens Christmas Party 2002 Invitations Group 1 The aim of our group was to telephone guests in advance and complete accurate lists of those attending. In order for us to compete this task we had to spend time working together planning what exactly we had to achieve, how we would achieve it and when to achieve it by. Planning The planning of the event began in October of this year and the event itself was to be held on Wednesday 11th December, between 16.30 and 18.00 hours. The event was to take place inside our school hall, and so we knew we could not exceed more then approximately 70 people, already stated in our task guidelines. The other forms in our year we in charge of organising the various other areas of the party, such as entertainment, transport, food, decorations and invitations group 2. The planning our group carried out was not as extent as first thought, but it was an opportunity for everyone to take part in some way or another. We started as we meant to go on, and got to work straight away. Our group co-ordinators kept us busy at all times, and aided us in choosing the right path to take. Our initial planning procedure was to brainstorm our ideas as a class and discussed our approach to the overall task, our approach to inviting people i.e. what was the best way of inviting people? Would it be by telephone or mail or personal visits to those we
Planning a wedding
PLANNING A WEDDING A wedding day can be the most memorable ceremony in a couple's life. To ensure success, it should be planned meticulously. Weddings are a multifaceted process. You should allow yourself at minimum three months to plan. This could prevent mishaps that could ruin the occasion. By following these simple steps, it could enhance your experience and reduce the stress of what could potentially be a chaotic day. First, a marriage license must be obtained. It's always a good idea to make sure that your partner is not already married. Then, planning the rehearsal, wedding, reception and honeymoon as individual events will help to facilitate the process. Next, the rehearsal should be planned, this typically happens in the first month. Selecting the appropriate minister to orchestrate the ceremony is an important task for both the bride and the groom. With some religious beliefs, it will be necessary for the bride and the groom to attend pre-marriage classes. Once the clergyman has been chosen, you can then begin to select the facility, choose your wedding court and select the restaurant where the rehearsal dinner will be held. At the rehearsal dinner, it's a tradition to distribute gifts for the bridesmaid's and grooms men. Sometimes, there will be a toast given at the rehearsal dinner from the best-man. This is a custom that dates back almost as
To see whether the town of Buckingham conforms to a simple Urban model.
Aim: To see wheter the town of Buckingham conforms to a simple Urban model. Background: Urban areas do not develop in a haphazard way - various factors determine what land use takes place in different areas or 'zones'. In turn, these zones may affect the volume of pedestrian or vehicular traffic. Some of the factors which affect the 'make-up' of a town or City include:- Historical factors: present day towns have developed over many years and their 'layout' may have been determined and developed in the past. Economic factors: often the Central Business District (CBD) is a sought after location for shops and offices. Factories may now locate with fast transport routes in mind. Political factors: local Governments affect the structure of towns with their planning decisions, e.g. The location of an industrial estate may be decided by the local authorities. Environmental factors: the physical environment may influence the make up of a town. For example, housing may avoid the flood plain of a river or the town may be restricted in a certain direction by steep slopes. It can be suggested that, although each town is unique, it may share certain characteristics with other towns. Therefore this allows us to put together a MODEL showing certain urban characteristics:- A simple urban model Logic behind the model: Ground floor land use: It makes sense that shops and offices
In what ways were the public health problems in Wigan similar to or different from, the public health problems of other towns during the early years of the century?
Public Health in Wigan 900 - Present Day Question 2 = 10 marks In what ways were the public health problems in Wigan similar to or different from, the public health problems of other towns during the early years of the century? Wigan was a fairly typical industrialised town in the early part of this century. Many of the northern towns, owed there success to the industrial revolution which started in the north west. It was their success at developing industry, that caused their public health problems. On the one hand, the industry was very polluting, and on the other, their rapid growth of population had not been matched by improvements in housing and sanitation. Most industries still used coal as their main source of power, generally driving steam engines. Factories using coal power, were dirty and caused air pollution in the form of soot, carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide. The ashes produced were used for land-filling, even though this polluted rivers and streams. The housing at this time was very cheaply built, and usually in terraces. Many houses were built without a drinking water supply, or drainage. This had come about because of the random way in which land was developed, and because there was no central authority to ensure that drains were installed. In the 19th century, local authorities were not responsible for building houses. They were usually built by mill
How and why has the Brayford Pool changed over the Last Hundred and Fifty years?
How and why has the Brayford Pool changed over the Last Hundred and Fifty years? For many years Brayford Pool has been a strong part of Lincoln's Epic History, Through out time is has held a strong significance of the Local History. Throughout time it has been used for various differences, everything from a major Inland port to a place of beauty where people can come and view its splendor. But through the ages many disturbing things have happened to Poor old Brayford, including in recent years it nearly being destroy for a Car park. Around 150years ago Brayford Pool was in it's prime, it's port even though not very Large held home to many Businesses, everything from Warehouses which where very common and came in vast numbers, to mills, to Breweries and even to Grain storage, and it was these many businesses that helped Brayford grow and prosper throughout the ages. Also Brayford came up to the outskirts of Lincoln so goods could be transported straight into the Town. (Picture Below was an Artists impression of how Brayford looked in its good old days). Another strong factor about Brayford is that's connected straight to the river Witham that allowed transport of goods to be much more efficient and a lot less time consuming. But due to its poor construction larger boats could not pass through as the sides and depth where marginally short, it wasn't until the very late
The Roses of Eyam and Our Town - Both plays depict a time and events that are past and yet have interest for us today - Compare the two plays in the light of this statement.
BOTH PLAYS DEPICT A TIME AND EVENTS THAT ARE PAST AND YET HAVE INTEREST FOR US TODAY. COMPARE THE TWO PLAYS IN THE LIGHT OF THIS STATEMENT. After reading "The Roses of Eyam" and "Our Town", I found that both plays are set in close communities, although "Our Town" is a more modern setting than "The Roses of Eyam". The communities in both plays are somewhat wary of anything outside their immediate environment. In "The Roses of Eyam", the villagers distrust Mompesson and take a long while to accept him. It is not until he and Stanley join together to fight the plague that he begins to gain their trust. In "Our Town", although the townspeople do not distrust strangers, they are dismissive of people they consider below them on the social scale. At the beginning of the play, when asked if someone was sick, Doc Gibbs replies: "No, just some twins born over in Polish Town." Both plays also cover the themes of birth, love affairs, marriage, family life and death. "The Roses of Eyam" does not actually depict a birth, although Catherine and Mompesson's children are mentioned, so birth is implied. However, in "Our Town", the play actually begins with the birth of the twins in Polish Town. Birth is a central issue in all our lives today as it was when these plays were written, and babies are referred to all the time. Soap operas regularly carry story lines featuring parents-to-be and
This study seeks to examine the effects of restoration on the characteristics of an urban river, the River Crane. River restoration tries to re-establish the natural flow of a river by removing hard-engineering structures
AN ASSESSMENT OF A RIVER RESTORATION SCHEME ON CHANNEL CHARACTERISTICS AND FLOW REGIME OF AN URBAN RIVER Introduction This study seeks to examine the effects of restoration on the characteristics of an urban river, the River Crane. River restoration tries to re-establish the natural flow of a river by removing hard-engineering structures and encouraging the river to return to its former state. "The first and most critical step in implementing restoration is to, where possible, halt disturbance activities causing degradation or preventing recovery of the ecosystem" (Kauffman et al. 1993, Kauffman et al. 1995) In recent years hydrologists have come to the conclusion that forcing rivers to flow in an unnatural way is ineffective and costly both economically and environmentally. The river Crane runs from North Hyde Road in Hayes in a southernly direction through Hounslow and Twickenham to the Thames. A majority of the rivers flow comes from urban run-off. The restoration is taking place between Hounslow and Twickenham. In order to assess the river restoration scheme, two sites were chosen, one of which had undergone restoration and one which had not. Figure 1: Map showing fieldwork sites (Scale = 1:10,000) www.multimap.com) Method At each of the sites shown above the following measurements were taken: * Width (from wetted perimeter and bank-full) * Depth
creative writing
COURSEWORK: CREATIVE WRITING PLEASURE TURNS SOUR A big beautiful mansion sitting right up the road of a busy small town. The outer parts is as beautiful as a paradise and it everyman's fantasy with a welcoming golden writing hanging on the beautiful light blue wall. The inner part is as bright as a tunnel with loads of space. The building was so bright that it light up the whole town. I was on a tour with some friends to find an interesting adventure to write in our novel. We have travelled from town to town till we came to this town called GRAVE HILL. The people of Grave hill are very nice people and there were loads of things to write about the town and the way they survive on their little farm and how they live together as a family helping each other in time of trouble. They were very welcoming and made us feel appreciated and they also were willing to help us with our adventure and they also promised to show us around the town but because we arrived late they told us to wait till morning. The only problem we had was accommodation; the people never had a big apartment to accommodate us. You can pass the night in my Attic...Said the Old Lady AN ATTIC... exclaimed Sandra Hell no, How can I live my big bedroom all just to come and sleep in an attic, there is absolutely no way that is going to happen (she whispered). We were not thrilled by the old woman's offer so we
Impact of Planning in the Property Market
Planning in the property market Running Head: Planning in the property market Impact of Planning in the Property Market. Craig O’Holleran Heriot-Watt University Introduction “Land is now one of the most regulated markets on the planet” (McLaughlin, 2012: p50). There is a lot of debate whether planning policy in the property market is beneficial to all involved. Is the property market better off without the restrictions of planning policy? Are developers the winners and the public the losers or vice versa? This paper will try to explain the role and impact of planning on the property market regarding land use, land supply, demand, restrictions and levies on developers. The method of research for this paper is though various peer-reviewed journals and Governmental documentation. The Role and impact of planning on the property market The property market deals with the rights and interest in land and buildings (Balchin el al, 1995). The ownership of the rights to occupy a site can give great benefits to the buyer through development and investment. All land is heterogeneous and a use of a particular site may suit a specific purpose or command a higher price for one use over another. The property market consists of many land users such as, residential, retail, agricultural, offices, and manufacturing. Developers are competing for this land to develop properties