This essay shall analyze the Pantheon, paying particular attention to the construction details, mainly the entrance and dome, as well as the buildings form and function.
(A)CHECKLIST * Artist: Unknown * Title: The Pantheon * Type of Work: Architecture/Building * Materials: Granite, Marble, Concrete, Wood, among others * Date: 137 AD * Patron: Unknown * Location: Rome, Italy (B) CRITICAL EVALUATION For many people, the world over, the Pantheon is just another stop on Rome's famous tourist trail. When considered amongst Rome's other architectural wonders, it is understandable that the significance of the Pantheon is sometimes overlooked. However, if one stops and takes a closer look it soon becomes evident that the Pantheon is an ancient building of immense significance, "inspiring much emulation, commendation, and some say even fear."1 This essay shall analyze the Pantheon, paying particular attention to the construction details, mainly the entrance and dome, as well as the building's form and function. Although we do not know the identity of the Pantheon's architect, we can safely say that he was a perfectionist, and a genius. The building, completed around 137 AD, was architecturally revolutionary and many years ahead of its time. The Pantheon's iconic feature, its 43.3-meter dome, was "unmatched for well over a millennium and not substantially surpassed until the adoption of steel and re-enforced concrete in the modern era."2 It was influenced by the Roman bath structures at Baiaie, but of course no building belonging to this
Condensation in dwellings. In my essay I will be exploring the common problem of condensation in dwellings. I will be looking at the human behaviour that causes it, how the condition of the building can also affect it and how having an overall better unde
Introduction In my essay I will be exploring the common problem of condensation in dwellings. I will be looking at the human behaviour that causes it, how the condition of the building can also affect it and how having an overall better understanding of the subject could help prevent it in the future. To help to further evaluate this I will be showing cases that I have dealt with personally, explaining what the causes were and what was done to rectify the situation. What is Condensation? Next to shrinkage, condensation is the most common problem in houses. Condensation occurs when warm moist air meets a cold surface. The water in the air then either settles as water droplets on the surface, as it does on windows for example, or if the surface is absorbent, it soaks into the surface. In the latter case condensation is often not noticed unless or until mould appears. Mould tends to appear on surfaces where condensation takes place regularly. Because the external walls of a room are usually the coldest they tend to be most affected by condensation, and as a result of mould particularly at the corners of the room. Mould is often found in cupboards, and behind furniture which is pushed close up against a cold wall, this is because there is poor ventilation in cupboards and behind furniture so that any condensation there gets little chance to dry off. * Causes of
With reference to the RIBA work stages explain how a designer and design team would produce a design from the clients initial brief through to start on site.
HND Diploma in Construction and the Built Environment Unit 1 : Design Principals and Application Assignment 1 - Planning and Design Phases Task 1 With reference to the RIBA work stages explain how a designer and design team would produce a design from the clients initial brief through to start on site. A Designer and team will produce a design from the client's initial brief through to the start of construction, the client appoints an architect, through a chosen selection process like interviews. Once a designer has been chosen and all pre agreement procedures have been completed appraisal and briefing will commence. Appraisal, this is when a client's requirements are set by the designer through asking key questions such as, whether the clients existing building could be extended or adapted to suit his/hers requirements or a new build is needed, how large the budget is and how the project would be funded, the desired or crucial hand over date etc. This is the Identification of the client's requirements and needs, any factors that could affect development, and also to allow the client to decide whether he/she still feels it is viable to carry on. This in turn would allow a suitable procurement method to be chosen with the aid of the designer for example traditional. The clients initial brief may have many unseen obstacles that need to found and addressed so what is known
What is the Burgess concentric ring model of urban land-use?
What is the Burgess concentric ring model of urban land-use? The burgess concentric ring model was created by Earnest Burgess to show how land use patterns in typical British and foreign cities. The different types of land-use were shown by using a set of concentric rings, each was devoted to a different land use. His theory was that the C.B.D had the main routes of transport coming to it and it was the most accessible place in a town. He noticed that the many well off people lived further away from the C.B.D because they could afford the greater transport costs. The poorer and less well off people lived closer to the C.B.D so they could travel to and from work without creating high travel expenses. He created five rings in his model (one of which is not a ring but a core which the other four rings centre around), each coinciding with the findings burgess gathered, during his time in Chicago. In the centre of the model was the C.B.D (Central business district). This is the most accessible part of the city and was full of shops, offices and entertainment facilities. There are many important buildings here such as town halls, foreign embassies and museums. There are many roads and different types of public transport, which helps to make the C.B.D easily accessible. Due to limited space and high demand for land, the C.B.D becomes highly dense and as a result of this, tall
In this assignment I aim to analyse the living area within a three floor four bedroom detached house, which was built in 1969. I will look at and analyse the built environment in respect of thermals, ventilations, acoustics, light and Air Flow, making re
Ben Gregory HNC1 2011 Environmental science Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 Introduction 3 Light 3 Thermals 4 Air Flow 5 Acoustics 6 Conclusion 7 References 7 Introduction The Code for Sustainable Homes was introduced in England in April 2007, and sets a single national standard within which the home building industry can design and construct homes to a higher environmental standard, giving new home buyers better information about the environmental impact of their new home and potential running costs. Sustainability is high on the Government agenda as it is not sustainable to continue with the inefficiencies and carbon omissions created by the design of builds in the past. In this assignment I aim to analyse the living area within a three floor four bedroom detached house, which was built in 1969. I will look at and analyse the built environment in respect of thermals, ventilations, acoustics, light and Air Flow, making recommendations as to how changes would increase efficancy or impact more positively on the environment. Light There are various sources of light to any building e.g. natural light, daylight, sunlight, artificial light, up light, and spot lights. Light is important to ensure the building and its occupants can function adequately, and the right light levels for the room and it's use can increasing the
Discuss the relevance of Neo-Marxist theories in appraising the function of planning in a capitalist society.
Discuss the relevance of Neo-Marxist theories in appraising the function of planning in a capitalist society. To be able to fully understand how relevant Neo-Marxist theories are to urban planning, it is important to look first at the background of Marxist thought. Karl Marx developed his economic and political theories after he moved to London in 1849. One of Marx's key suggestions was that ideologies would perform an important function in modern societies. He believed that this was to maintain the capitalist form, economic production and capitalist society. The view of Marx is that the state in modern societies is a capitalist state due to the fact that its main function is to maintain the capitalist economy in existence. Marx himself never wrote a systematic theory of the state, however many modern theorists have applied their ideas to the twentieth century governance and planning. Marxist scholars have generally been very critical of traditional planning practice and theory. However, many of their arguments are merely ideological rationalisations that fail to recognise the material conditions and historical and political forces that allowed planning to emerge and define its role in society. As Klosterman points out, the role of planning in contemporary society can be understood only by recognising the structure of modern capitalism as it relates to the physical
Why are there more and more Hong Kong residents taking up residential flats in Guangdong Province?
Why are there more and more Hong Kong residents taking up residential flats in Guangdong Province? Name: Viola Yu, Lok Yan Candidate Number: D0638118 Li Po Chun United World College of Hong Kong Word Count: 3802 Abstract This extended essay aims at investigating relationship between residential properties in Hong Kong and Guangdong province, China. My researches question "Why are there more and more Hong Kong residents taking up residential flats in Guangdong Province?" is discussed. By comparing price and quality of flats, people's income, surrounding environment, cost of living, perception and government policies, it is found that most of these factors contribute to the increasing demand of Guangdong's flats, because of better environment, lower cost of living, career development, family union and so on. The outflow of capital and money do not only lead to a loss of properties agencies, but it also affects the Gross National Products (GDP) of Hong Kong negatively. This essay is concluded that the flow will soon stop as the substitution effect is decreasing. As Guangdong province develops rapidly, cost of living and properties' price are raising dramatically, Hong Kong residents will stay in Hong Kong due to similar environment in both places and geographical inertia. The outlook of Hong Kong property market is still positive. A lot of surveys and statistics
Contrast and compare the urban land use in the London Docklands.
Introduction The aim of my coursework is to contrast and compare the urban land use in the London Docklands. To help me with my coursework I will study a number of different areas in London and compare them to the Docklands. When studying the docklands and different areas I will take into account many different factors such as housing, industry, Transportation and many other factors. I will study certain land use models to help me. Land use models contain functional zones showing land use. Some of the main land use models are identified below. Bid - Rent Theory This theory shows that as the value in the land decreases so does the distance away from the centre, accessible and prestigious sites. However, as the land values decrease with distance away from the city centre, there are little peaks in the graph. These are the suburban centre where land values has increased because industry, commercialism, and good transport links have developed here. This attracts people who bring money into community and raise the land value prices. This graph shows land values decreasing, the graph is predicted by Enfield planners as Enfield shopping centre is under construction for in a few years time. It shows high land values at kings cross and low at Holloway prison. Peaks at Finsbury Park and Wood Green. Finally falling again at Enfield. Other
Major Chemical Pollutants in Photochemical Smog.
Major Chemical Pollutants in Photochemical Smog: Sources and Environmental Effects Toxic Chemical Sources Environmental Effects Additional Notes Nitrogen Oxides (NO and NO2) - combustion of oil, coal, gas in both automobiles and industry - bacterial action in soil - forest fires - volcanic action - lightning - decreased visibility due to yellowish color of NO2 - NO2 contributes to heart and lung problems - NO2 can suppress plantgrowth - decreased resistance to infection - may encourage the spread of cancer - all combustion processes account for only 5 % of NO2 in the atmosphere, most is formed from reactions involving NO -concentrations likely to rise in the future Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) - evaporation of solvents - evaporation of fuels - incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - naturally occurring compounds like terpenes from trees - eye irritation - respiratory irritation - some are carcinogenic - decreased visibility due to blue-brown haze - the effects of VOCs are dependent on the type of chemical - samples show over 600 different VOCs in atmosphere - concentrations likely to continue to rise in future Ozone (O3) - formed from photolysis of NO2 - sometimes results from stratospheric ozone intrusions - bronchial constriction - coughing, wheezing - respiratory irritation - eye irritation -
Kyoto and Fuel Poverty
3a) Discuss and critically evaluate the development of sustainable construction since the Rio conference and Kyoto agreements and include and compare agenda 21, HECA, affordable warmth, fuel poverty policies and guidelines and their apparent effectiveness in terms of the spirit of the Rio agreements. The construction industry is one of the most intensive in terms of its consumption of natural resources and energy and in its production of waste materials. In order to meet the goals of sustainable development, the construction industry must embrace more sustainable forms of building and make better use of the resources available. It is not just an issue of matching consumption patterns to the earth's available natural wealth. The extraction, processing and transportation of these materials have a huge environmental impact - the more consumed, the more damage there is. Sustainable construction therefore, requires not only reducing consumption, but also re-using and recycling the materials already available. The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1992. It was attended by political leaders from 178 countries together with representatives from all the major environmental organisations. The objectives of the conference were to respond to pressing global environmental problems and five separate agreements were made,