Optimization of DNA Extraction from Medically and Environmentally important Fungi for Polymerase Chain Reaction

Qualification BTEC Higher National Diploma in Biomedical Science Level 5 Module Name Project Module Number Module 6 Title of practical Optimization of DNA extraction from medically and environmentally important fungi for polymerase chain reaction Name of Candidate Thevaraja Nirojith Optimization of DNA Extraction from Medically and Environmentally important Fungi for Polymerase Chain Reaction Investigator:Mr.ThevarajaNirojith Principle supervisors - Prof. R .S. Dassanayake Dr. O. V. D. J. Weerasena Co-supervisor – Mr. Mohan Geekiyanage Durdans Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory Durdans Hospital, 3, Alfred Place, Colombo 03. Declaration: I ………………………………………………. confirm that I have read and understood the Institute regulations concerning plagiarism and that the work contained within this project report is my own work within the meaning of the regulations. Signature: Date: Acknowledgment My sincere thanks to Prof. R. S. Dassanayake, Dr. O. V. D. J. Weerasena, (ceygenbiotecdurdans hospital) for granting me a place to do my research. My thanks to Mr. MohanGeekiyanage, Miss. Pushpamali Silva they helped in each and every practical. Finally my thanks to Dr.Sajani( lecture of BMS), Mr. NisamRasak ( Director of BMS), for helping me in finding a research project. Abstract Fungi are eukaryotes that have cell walls

  • Word count: 3984
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Biological Sciences
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Tumour markers and their role in Cancer diagnostics

Page | ________________ ________________ Tumour markers and their role in Cancer diagnostics Amra Iuoop BIO 01/181010 HND Biomedical sciences BMS 30 June 2012 Cancer, or a neoplasm, is best defined by the British oncologist Willis (Robbins, 2010), “A neoplasm is an abnormal mass of tissue, the growth of which exceeds and is uncoordinated with that of the normal tissues and persists in the same manner after cessation of the stimuli which evoked the change”. Tumour markers, also called serum markers or biomarkers, are metabolized molecular products that are secreted by neoplastic tissue and biochemically processed in cells or body fluids (Cortez, 2011). They are secreted by normal cells as well as by cancer cells; nevertheless the quantity is usually quite high in cancerous conditions. Consequently, the presence of a malignant tumour can be identified more or less by the detection of a specific tumour marker. Tumour markers are reckoned to be useful in the following (Sharma, 2009): Screening: Identification of seemingly healthy people who perhaps have a high risk of developing cancer. Diagnosis: Identification of a disease on the knowledge extent of clinical findings and laboratory tests. Staging and treatment planning. Planning of the treatment course after identification of the cancer’s stage. Monitoring: Determination of the cancer’s response to

  • Word count: 2635
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Biological Sciences
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Food Science -Experiments to Determine the Properties and Uses of Enzymes in Food Preperation.

I. Introduction Enzymes are protein molecules with a special function. Produced by living cells, they act as catalysts to change the rate of a chemical reaction without actually being used up in the reaction itself. Enzymes catalyze a wide range of reactions in living matter, from the digestion of foods in the digestive tract of animals to most of the complex processes occurring in plant and animal metabolism. Enzymes in plant and animal tissues do not stop functioning when the animal is slaughtered or the plant tissue is harvested. Thus we must deal with enzymatic activity when we handle foods from these sources (Bennion & Scheule, Introductory Foods, 2010). In connection to this, the experiment was conducted with the following objectives: . To demonstrate the influence of temperature on activity of enzymes 2. To know the characteristics of catalases, polyphenoloxidase, peroxidases, and invertase 3. To enumerate the functions of catalases, polyphenoloxidase, peroxidases, and invertase 4. To explain the principle of catalase test, polyphenoloxidase test, peroxidase test, and invertase test 5. To assess the behavior of pectin methyl esterase during processing 6. To explain the implications of PME activity in thermal processing of tomato juice 7. To illustrate the action of proteases on myofibrillar proteins, egg albumin, and gelatin II. Review of Related Literature

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  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Biological Sciences
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This experiment was carried out to separate and characterize the protein mixture which contained haemoglobin and serum albumin using two different methods, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-page) and ion exchange chromatography (IEC)

Title: Isolation and characterization of proteins Aims: This experiment was carried out to separate and characterize the protein mixture which contained haemoglobin and serum albumin using two different methods, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-page) and ion exchange chromatography (IEC). The principles on the operation mode of SDS-page and IEC were studied. Besides that, the comparison of DEAE and CM column of IEC on separating proteins was made. The experiment was also carried out to determine the percentage recovery of proteins. Results: A. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-page) Figure1. The gel image of separated proteins of SDS-page electrophoresis Table1. The distance travelled for each molecular weight of separated proteins in standard marker in SDS-page gel Molecular weight of proteins in standard marker, kDa Logarithm of molecular weight of proteins in standard marker, kDa Distance migrated by each protein, cm 250 2.40 2.0 30 2.11 2.8 00 2.00 3.6 70 .85 4.5 55 .74 5.1 35 .54 6.7 25 .40 7.5 5 .18 8.6 Figure2. The graph of distance travelled by separated proteins, cm against the logarithm of molecular weight of proteins, kDa Table2. The distance travelled for each molecular weight of proteins in SDS-page gel Distance migrated by each protein, cm Logarithm of molecular weight of proteins in standard marker,

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  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Biological Sciences
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Isolation & Characterisation of Proteins. The purpose of conducting this experiment is to study protein separation using two different methods, which are the SDS-polyacrylamide gel and ion exchange chromatography

Name: Ng Yen Pheng Student ID: 22353046 Day and date: Tuesday, 3 April 2012 Title: Isolation & Characterisation of Proteins Aim: The purpose of conducting this experiment is to study protein separation using two different methods, which are the SDS-polyacrylamide gel and ion exchange chromatography. This practical also aims to study what types of ion exchangers which are more suitable to separate different types of proteins. This experiment also aims to compare the separation of proteins by SDS-PAGE and ion exchange chromatography. Results: Part A: SDS-PAGE Figure 1: Image of SDS-Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Table 1: Distance migrated (cm) by different length of protein fragments denatured by SDS Bands Molecular Weight, MW (kDa) Log10 (MW) Distance migrated (mm) 250 2.40 4 2 30 2.11 24 3 00 2.00 33 4 70 .85 43 5 55 .74 48 6 35 .54 - 7 25 .40 66 8 5 .18 75 9 0 .00 87 [( - ) in the table indicates that the band is missing] Figure 2: Graph of log (Molecular weight) against distance migrated for marker. Table 2: Distance migrated and size of fragments of 3% haemoglobin being denatured by SDS with different dilution factor in the presence of 1% of BSA. Dilution factor Distance migrated (mm) Log (Molecular weight) Molecular Weight (kDa) /5 (Sample A) 43 .819 65.892 90 0.929 8.497 /10 (Sample B) 44 .780 63.083

  • Word count: 4085
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Biological Sciences
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Mad cow diesease

Inna Sergeychik Genetics Professor Sartori November 8, 2010 Mad Cow Disease and Prions Mad Cow disease is formally known as Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy, and it has been linked to be the cause of other diseases. This disease is believed to be involved in a transmembrane protein called PRP (.sup.c). PRP is a prion that has a normal and infectious scrapie form. The biggest disease believed to be caused by mad cow disease is New-Variant Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (vCJD). A prion is defined as a proteinaceous infectious particle that lacks nucleic acids. There are four levels of to a protein structure, which need to be understood before prions could be learned about. The primary structure consists of a repeating sequence of N-C-C. The secondary structure has an alpha helix, and a beta sheet. The tertiary structure is the final three-dimensional structure of a protein. The quaternary structure consists of multiple polypeptides bound together by covalent bonds into a single larger protein. The level of a protein that actually affects prions is the secondary structure. There are two forms of prions, a normal cellular prion, and an infectious form. The prion is encoded by a single gene on the 20th human chromosome. The normal prion is converted by an unknown sequence of events in which the coiled structure is refolded into a beta-sheet. In the infectious form, the

  • Word count: 494
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Biological Sciences
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Commentary on Food Biotechnology Consensus Conference.

Commentary on Food Biotechnology Consensus Conference Submitted by: Submitted to: Dr. Downey Submitted on: June 13th, 2002 Course: CNST 443 June 12th, 2002 Introduction Science and technology produce many benefits but at the same time they are the cause for concerns on health and environmental welfare. Technology saves lives but with every new invention there are unintended consequences which we call (risks(. Technology risks are serious issues which will become only more prominent as new discoveries and innovations are made to enhance the quality of our everyday lives. Is the risk of trading in our health and environment quality for technological advancement worth taking? How do we decide which risks are worth taking and which are not? How to deal with risks? In order to prevent any surprise as a result of new innovations, we must learn to assess and manage risks in an effective manner. Risk management is a process of managing an organization's risk exposures to achieve its objectives in a manner consistent with public interest, human safety, environmental factors, and the law. Beck, in his article called Politics of Risk Society, was well ahead of his time in calling attention to the importance of the concept of risk and the practice of risk management as essential features of modern society. Risk management requires communication and trust between academic

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  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Biological Sciences
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Industrial Report

Industrial Case Report on "The Scotch Whisky Research Institute" Date of visit: 15th October 2008 For the attention: Dr. Ashok Adya Submitted by: Venkatesh Kolluru I D: 0803568 MSc Biotechnology BI1103A Industrial and Biomedical Biotechnology INTRODUCTION: SWRI (Scotch Whisky Research Institute) is registered in Scotland. It is also the member of AIRTO (association of independent research and technology). SWRI is mainly situated in Edinburgh (at Research Avenue North, Riccarton, Edinburgh). The main aim and objectives of this institute is its keenness to attract the inquires, suggestions and advices from the academic institutions, research institutions, etc in order to conduct work on spirit drink production. Apart from this it also serves the needs of its member companies in improving their products and process and to maintain position of SWRI in the world market. SWRI also addresses the long term technical issue for the sustainability of the company and also ensures UK national research addresses distilling concerns. Its laboratories are UKAS accredited to ensure highest quality in all services. COMMERSIAL ASPECTS: Organisation of the company: This is a research institute which deals with providing the correct process of manufacturing and storing of whiskey. This also helps in the finding out the adulteration that has been done in the production. The Company is

  • Word count: 1589
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Biological Sciences
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Oxfam's point of view.

Oxfam's point of view QUESTION 1: What is Oxfam's view on proposed changes to the TRIPS agreement? The global burden of ill health is most disproportionate in developing countries. Any changes to trade rules that have an impact on health must diminish the problems these countries already experience in delivering safe and affordable medicines to the poor. Recent changes, however, risk having the opposite effect. Pharmaceutical companies operate in a marketplace in which R&D priorities are kept separate from global health needs, the poor are sidelined for corporate marketing strategies and sales profits. There is a need for reforms to the TRIPS agreement for an increased commitment to global health initiatives. QUESTION 2: What is the biggest factor developing countries face in terms of being sidelined for, as you say, "sales profits"? The TRIPS agreement as it stands is likely to keep prices of vital medicines higher than they otherwise would be and thereby exacerbate the vast health disparities between rich and poor countries. Even with TRIPS in place, pharmaceutical companies continue to lobby for stronger patent protection within the agreement. As such, there are negative implications for poor people's access to life-saving drugs. So it can be said that affordability is one of the factors restricting access, and patent protection is a key issue influencing

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  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Biological Sciences
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The Importance of the Human Nervous System. The NS is possibly one of the most important systems in the evolution of multi-cellular organisms allowing cells, tissues, organs and even organisms to communicate and regulate both their internal and external e

The Importance of the Human Nervous System Human's ability to survive in often stressful and varying environments directly reflects their ability to maintain a stable internal environment. (1) Human homeostasis refers to the body's ability to physiologically regulate its inner environment to ensure its stability in response to fluctuations in the outside environment. (2) The nervous system (NS) and the endocrine system share responsibility for maintaining homeostasis, their objective is to communicate, control and co-ordinate body activities. (3) The NS regulates this by instantaneous, short-lived and localised response based on electrical impulses as apposed to the endocrine system which responds slowly with long-term processes such as growth and maturation by releasing hormones. (4) Besides maintaining homeostasis, the NS is also responsible for the seat of language, emotion and memory along with voluntary and involuntary movements making it one of the most complex and important systems in the human body. (4) (1) Topographically the NS can be divided into two main subdivisions, the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). (4) The CNS is a massive collection of nerve cells called tracts which are connected in an intricate fashion to sub-serve the higher order functions such as control of movement or the analysis of sensation via integrating and

  • Word count: 2315
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Biological Sciences
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