Guide to Intermediate Bodybuilding

Guide to Intermediate Bodybuilding In today's society where the majority of the population is obese and overweight, it has never been as important for people to not only become knowledgeable of how to maintain a healthy lifestyle but also to act out on that knowledge and become healthy. Many people today have different perceptions of how to stay healthy and lose weight. The danger in this is that although some people do have the right idea on how to lose weight, others do not which puts them at risk to cause further harm to themselves and their bodies. This means that even though a person may begin a program or diet, they might actually be hurting themselves more than helping themselves, because they may be doing unhealthy things to their body thinking they are helping themselves lose weight. In this paper I will elaborate on some of the common mistakes people make in dieting according to an article form Muscle & Fitness, and discuss the implications it has on society as well as discuss the biology related to these mistakes. One of the most common mistakes made by people who wish to be healthy or lose weight is drastically cutting calories. Although it seems logical for a person who wishes to lose weight to eat less, this might actually cause a somewhat negative affect for a person. The reason for this having a negative affect is because by drastically cutting your calories

  • Word count: 1202
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Biological Sciences
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Cellular Respiration

Jennifer Forrester Biology 101- Section 700 March 2, 2009 Lab Report 3 Cellular Respiration Introduction In order for cells in the human body to function, they need energy. Adenosine tri-phosphate is the molecule that provides energy to the cell. It is constantly created and available to be spent whenever and wherever energy is needed. In this prodcess, cells break down glucose and other organic molecules for the synthesis of this molecule. Glucose contains energy stored within its chemical bonds. Energy released as glucose is slowly broken down and can be captured to produce ATP. ATP is created through a process of cellular respiration. (SYMBIOSIS p75) There are three main stages of cellular respiration. The process begins with glycolysis. Glycolysis literally means "splitting sugars". Glucose is split into two molecules of a three carbon sugar. In the process, two molecules of ATP, two molecules of pyruvic acid and two "high energy" electron carrying molecules of NADH are produced. This process can occur whether or not oxygen is present. (Bailey) The next stage is called the citric acid cycle. This process begins after the two molecules of the three carbon sugar are converted to a slightly different compound. Several compounds capable of storing "high energy" electrons are produced along with two ATP molecules. NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)

  • Word count: 530
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Biological Sciences
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Biology Notes

In the poem "Dulce Et Decorum Est", Wilfred Owen challenges the idealized notions of those at home and shows the true devastating reality of war by recounting graphically the death of a soldier after a gas attack. Owen uses visual representations in Dulce to show the mental and physical effects on the soldiers going through the punishment of war and how this changes the young soldiers. The harshness of the simile "bent double like old beggars" illustrates how the soldiers look, showing them as crestfallen and disheartened, "bent". This is not how soldiers are normally depicted they should have their heads held high and marching tall. Owen shows how the young men of war have now become old beggars; they have aged and are begging for their lives; lives that may be taken away from them at any time. This along with "an ecstasy of fumbling" shows the urgent need for the salvation of one's life. The ecstasy of fumbling to put on their gas masks shows the audience how the soldiers have been forced into the bent and begging state to save their lives. The soldiers are beyond exhaustion, they have to find the energy to put on their gas mask or they will face death. The innocence of youth has been lost. Some have lost their lives; others have lost their mental state. The title is ironic and translated means, "It is a sweet and noble deed to die for one's country", but to Owen there is

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  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Biological Sciences
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Comparing and and contrasting the endocrine system with the nervous system in their control of homeostasis.

________________ Homeostasis ________________ ________________ Comparing and and contrasting the endocrine system with the nervous system in their control of homeostasis. Introduction Homeostasis is a process of regulating and constant internal environment in respond to external factors and takes place through biological processes (Thibodeau & Patton 2008). These processes naturalize changes that affect metabolic equilibrium. For life system parameters to be regulated and monitored for its current status it is important for the body to have sensor mechanism (Thibodeau & Patton 2008). The status can be checked against the “set ideal point” and response then would be initiated to restore to normal condition- balance (Thibodeau & Patton 2008). The most important properties, which are regulated, are: temperature, blood pressure, plasma osmolality, oxygen levels and metabolite levels (Bradley & Calvert 2011). Balanced internal environment allows cells to function appropriately. In a situation where plasma potassium level wouldn’t be controlled to set limits, this would affect membranes in excitable tissues which in result lead to hart failure or even death (Bradley & Calvert 2011). Homeostatic processes are based on a feedback loop, which allows to constantly monitoring level of substances or parameters (Bradley & Calvert 2011). Any change of the levels away from

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  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Biological Sciences
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Kidneys and nephrons functions

________________ ________________ ________________ Kidneys and nephrons functions ________________ ________________ Introduction Kidneys are located on the posterior wall of the abdomen and protected by lower ribs. They are supplied by blood, which is transported from aorta through renal arteries, and filtered blood will be transported back through renal veins (Bradley & Calvert 2011). A kidney consists of outer cortex, inner medulla and renal pelvis, where urine is hold and passed to ureter and then to the bladder (Bradley & Calvert 2011). Osmoregulation is controlled by kidneys (electrolytes and fluid levels in the body). Kidneys are also responsible for excretion of urea (nitrogenous waste) (Bradley & Calvert 2011). Electrolytes and body fluid levels are very important for functioning cells and tissues. Even slight changes in plasma potassium can cause heart failure and paralysis and kidneys regulate this (Bradley & Calvert 2011). The fluids and electrolytes from plasma are going through filtration and then appropriate level will be reabsorbed into blood to keep sufficient plasma level. The process of reabsorption is achieved by hormonal control (Bradley & Calvert 2011). Kidneys are also responsible for the removal of the waste nitrogen, which is the product of proteins breakdowns (Bradley & Calvert 2011). Any dysfunctions of kidneys can be fatal as homeostatic

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  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Biological Sciences
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Broccoli is often termed as a miracle food as its' health benefits are seemingly endless( Mitchell et al. 114). The healthy balance of soluble and insoluble fiber in broccoli enhances the gastrointestinal tract

Ishtiaq Mohammad Ishtiaq English M01 3 p.m. The Finest Vegetable Vegetables are an essential component to contributing to a person's health in a positive manner. Vegetables increase the chances for a person to live more healthy, active, and less prone to certain diseases and cancers(Murray et al. 133). They act as anti-oxidants and prevent dangerous substances in a person's body from spreading. One of the best and most incredible vegetables, hailed as the "Crown Jewel of Nutrition"( Mitchell et al. 113), is Broccoli. Broccoli is one of the superlative vegetables a person can consume and it is essential for a healthy and happy lifestyle. What is broccoli? Broccoli is a name derived from the Latin word branchium meaning "branch," is a cruciferous vegetable that belongs to the cabbage family and is considered to be a close relative to cauliflower. It originated, as written in as written in The Encyclopedia of Healing Food, from a wild cabbage native to Europe and has been known in Europe for 2,000 years(Murray et al. 154). Broccoli was later introduced to the United States during colonial times but did not become popular until the 1920s(155). In the book The Complete Book of Nutritional Healing, it is said that today, ninety percent of the broccoli consumed in the United States is grown in California(Mitchell et al. 112). Broccoli is

  • Word count: 1758
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Biological Sciences
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OBJECTIVES: To determine the fragility of the erythrocyte membrane against the hemolytic effect of NaCl solutions of varying concentrations

PRACTICAL 4: OSMOTIC FRAGILITY OBJECTIVES: To determine the fragility of the erythrocyte membrane against the hemolytic effect of NaCl solutions of varying concentrations. INTRODUCTION: Osmosis is the diffusion of a solvent through a semi-permeable from a region of low solute concentration to a region of high solute concentration. The semi-permeable membrane is permeable to the solvent, but not to the solute, resulting in a chemical potential difference across the membrane which drives the diffusion. That is the solvent flows from the side of the membrane where the solution is weakest to the side it is strongest, until the solution on both sides of the membrane is the same strength (that is, until the chemical potential is equal on both sides). Red blood cells are bound by a membrane, which allows water to pass through while generally restricting the solutes. This process called osmosis, causes cells to shrink due to loss of water when in a hypotonic medium. This results in swelling and ultimately haemolysis as the cell bursts. The osmotic fragility test uses this fact to determine the concentration of solute inside the cell by subjecting it to the hemolytic effects of solutions of different concentrations. MATERIALS: . Ten test tube of NaCl (0.85%, 0.75%, 0.65%, 0.55%, 0.50%, 0.40%, 0.35%, 0.20%, 0.10% and 0%) 2. Distilled water 3. Blood 4. Pipette 5.

  • Word count: 1375
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Biological Sciences
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