Stomach: - The stomach is a muscular j-shaped bag which is a receptacle for food and fluids after the food is ingested in the body. The food in the body is then churned around and mixed with gastric juice which is a mixture of acid. This breaks down the food into smaller pieces in order to make the food easier to digest through the body.
Small Intestine: - The small intestine is actually the longest section of the digestive system. The intestine consists of the duodenum, the jejunum and the ileum. The small intestine is very important because it is the major site of digestion of food and it is the absorptions of nutrients which the body needs to function well.
Large Intestine (Colon):- The large intestine is where the waste materials pass through where the waste is formed into faeces. The waste moves along the colon and into the rectum by the continuous rhythmical contraction and relaxation of the muscles in the wall of the colon.
Rectum:-This is essentially a storage reservoir at the end of the large intestine and adjacent to the anus for accumulating the faeces prior to elimination from the body.
Anus:-The opening at the end of the digestive tract which allows waste matter to pass through into the outside world.
Endocrine system
The endocrine system is an integrated system of small organs that involve the release of extracellular signaling molecules known as . The endocrine system is instrumental in regulating , , , and also plays a part in determining .
The Structure of the Endocrine system
The endocrine system is made up with a series of glands located around the body. These glands include:
- Pituitary Gland
- Thyroid Glands
- Parathyroid Glands
- Thymus
- Pancreas
- Adrenal Glands
- Gonads
Each of these glands produces hormones, which have a particular function in the body.
Excretory system
The excretory system is a system that connects to the digestive system. It starts at the mouth and continues down the esophagus, after that it travels down to the large chamber of the liver and stomach. It travels past the pancreas and the gall bladder. You swiftly follow the path of the small intestine and finally goes to the large intestine and finally to the rectum. The kidneys, main organs are filters. The excretory system is a system of organs that helps take-out waste products from the body, the excretory system is a system that controls the amount of water and salt that is absorbed into the blood system. The kidneys, main organs are filters.
Functions of a excretory system
The excretory system functions in ridding the body of nitrogenous and other wastes.
It also regulates the amount of water and ions present in the body fluids.
Immune system
The immune system is made up of special cells which are protein, tissue and organs. They defend people against germs and microorganisms. The immune system has a job to keep people healthy and prevent any kinds of infections. However sometimes immune systems could lead to illnesses and infections. The immune system works by a network of cells and proteins that can protect the body. The body uses white blood cells to protect the body.
The two basic types of white blood cells are:-
-
Lymphocytes: - These cells allow the body to remember and recognize past invaders and help the body destroy them.
-
Phagocytes: - These are cells that chew up invading organisms.
What are the immune system organs?
- spleen
- bone marrow
- thymus
- lymph nodes
- Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
- Gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT)
- Peyer's patches
- T-Cells
- B-Cells
Integumentary system
The integumentary system is a organ that protects the body from any kind of damage. It contains the largest organ in the human body which is the skin. The skin is however the most important organ because it protects and cushions the body’s delicate organs. It also provides the body with a physical barrier to keep it out of the foreign materials and to prevent the body from drying out.
Skin function:-
The skin covers almost every visible part of the human body. Even the hair and nails are outgrowths from it. It protects the underlying structures from injury and invasion by foreign organisms. The skin also plays an important part in regulating body temperature. In addition, the skin is a waterproof covering that prevents extreme water loss, even in very dry climates.
Skin structure:-
The skin consists of two layers which are the epidermis and the dermis, this supports the structures and appendages of the skin.
Muscular system
The muscular system is the anatomical system of a species that allows it to move. The muscular system in is controlled through the , although some such as the can be completely autonomous.
There are three types of muscle tissue:-
-Skeletal muscle: - This moves the bones
- Smooth muscle: - This is found in the internal organs for example the intestines.
-The cardiac muscle: - The cardiac muscle is found only in the heart and it is striated like the skeletal muscle.
Nervous system
The nervous system of the human being is responsible for sending, receiving, and processing nerve impulses throughout the body. All the organs and muscles inside your body rely upon these nerve impulses to function. It could be considered as the master control unit inside your body. Sense organs provide the nervous system with information about the environment by means of such senses as sight, hearing, smell, taste, tough, pressure, and pain. Nerves are connected throughout the whole body to the brain. They carry the information throughout the body in the form of electrochemical signals called impulses. These impulses travel from the brain and spinal cord to the nerves located throughout the body. The nervous system is divided into two main systems, the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system.
The reproductive system
The reproductive system is a system which is divided into two, the male reproductive system and the female reproductive system. The male and the female reproductive system have similar functions to how they work. The female reproductive system consists of the vagina, uterus, accessory glands, ovaries, fallopian tubes, whereas the male reproductive system consists of seminal vessels, the bulbourathral glands, excretory ducts, ejaculatory ducts and pair of testes.
