Evolution vs. Intelligent Design
Evolution vs. Intelligent Design Intelligent Design and Evolution are two major theories that have been observed in the history of science. Proponents from both sides argue that they use different methodological approaches to back up their theories, which invalidates their opponent's. There are several differences on their understanding of nature including the origin of life, natural selection, and the complexities the evolution. The most incompatible element of this debate is the methodological approach that either side takes in order to explain their understanding of nature. Whether they are really addressing the same issue is completely relative to how tolerant each side is of the other (should I clarify?) Despite their stark differences, both views have permeated the scientific and academic realms and have been accepted as popular theories worldwide. Although evolutionary ideas entertained the minds of ancient philosophers, it wasn't until 19th century when these ideas drew in legendary scientists (ie- Charles Darwin) and their harshest criticism. He addressed the concept of natural selection, in which life evolves through random mutations. Many concepts within evolutionary theory have been corroborated by scientific evidence. Scientists have been following DNA's footprints, which have been permanently engraved by concrete genetic research. Therefore, usually don't
Nucleic acid, DNA replication and Protein Synthesis
Bina NUCLEIC ACUD, DNA REPLICATION AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Mohammed Majeed Mohammed Majeed Bina Biology key skills Poodles make more poodles. Sheep make more sheep. Replication is a basic fact of life. All living things make other living things that are to one degree or another duplicates of themselves. What is the mechanism behind all this? The answer lies in a molecule called DNA. In 1869, Friedrich Miescher extracted a substance, which he called nuclein from the nuclei of white blood cells. Nuclein later became known as nucleic acid. Living cells contain two kinds of nucleic acids-ribonucleic acid (RNA) which contains the sugar, ribose and deoxyribonucleic (DNA) which contains the sugar, deoxyribose. Nucleic acids are found in all living things, from the simplest protozoan to the most complex forms of animal and plant life . Two young scientists-James Watson and Francis Crick-finally pieced together the precise structure of DNA. The model proposed by Watson and Crick for the structure of DNA is shaped like a twisted ladder. This type of figure is known as a double helix. The sides of the twisted ladder are made up of alternating units of deoxyribose and phosphate. The rungs of the ladder are composed of paired nitrogen bases. Adenine always pairs with thymine, and guanine always pairs cytosine. The bases are held together by hydrogen bonds. Watson and Crick's
The Human Proteome Project - “Genes were easy”
The Human Proteome Project - “Genes were
Nucleic Acids, DNA replication and protein synthesis.
NUCLEIC ACIDS, DNA REPLICATION AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS BY CHIKA OKOSI How does DNA direct a cell's activities? How does a cell in your liver "know" it's a liver cell and not a brain cell or kidney cell. How can all this information needed to regulate the cell's activities be stuffed into a tiny nucleus? To begin to find the answer to all these questions, an in-depth in the biological molecules nucleic acids needs to be established. An organism has some form of nucleic acid that is the chemical carrier of its genetic information. There are two types of nucleic acids, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) that code for all the information that determines the nature of the organism's cells. In fact DNA codes for all the instructions needed for the cell to perform different functions. Nucleic acids are one of the several macromolecules in the body in addition to facts, proteins and carbohydrates. Nucleic acids are polymers made up of individual molecules linked together in long chains. These molecules are known as nucleotides and the long chain is known as polynucleotides. Nucleotides itself can be further broken down to three components: * A pentose sugar * A nitrogen base * A phosphate group Diagram 1 shows a nucleotide As mentioned above there are two types of nucleic acids: DNA & RNA. DNA stores genetic information, and RNA allows that information