The aim of this study is to establish a link between depression and a negative eating attitude in women and to investigate whether this link correlates with a preoccupation with food and body image.
Abstract The aim of this study is to establish a link between depression and a negative eating attitude in women and to investigate whether this link correlates with a preoccupation with food and body image. 50 participants from a keep fit class who were overweight and 50 university students, who were of normal weight became the participants. They completed The Beck Depression Inventory and The Eating Attitudes Test-26. A significant positive correlation was found between the questionnaires for each set of participants. A word list was also administered for memorisation, containing neutral, positive and negative mood/body image words and positive and negative food words. Better recall for food and mood/body image words was seen compared to neutral words, and better recall for negative words compared to positive word types was also seen. Correlations between inventory scores and word types recalled revealed that overweight participants had a significant positive correlation between EAT-26 and food words and between BDI and mood/body image words. The results obtained were as hypothesised, however the scores between the normal weight and overweight participants results were not as different as expected. In conclusion there is a correlation between depression and eating attitude, and memory bias is seen in participants recall. Introduction Depression is one of the most common
DOES HAIR COLOUR, AGE, GENDER AND/OR HEIGHT RELATE TO INTELLIGENCE
DOES HAIR COLOUR, AGE, GENDER AND/OR HEIGHT RELATE TO INTELLIGENCE Abstract The purpose of this study is to discover mainly whether hair colour relates to intelligence, but also whether age, height and gender relate to intelligence too, and to discover whether the stereotypical views that blondes are less intelligent, taller people are more intelligent, older people are less intelligent and that males and females intelligence differ, are actually true or whether they are just an inaccurate conception about physical attributes and their relation to intellectual ability. This was aimed to be discovered by recording 16 males and 16 females hair colour using a hair colour chart, age and height and then by getting them to complete the National Adult Reading Test which consists of 50 not very well known words that should be read aloud by the participants and then marked by the experimenter regarding whether they have correctly pronounced the words. The IQ scores were then worked out by their answers; the NART is an accurate predictor of IQ scores. It was discovered that the hypothesis that the four physical attributes mentioned related to intelligence was not supported. There was no significant relation between height and intelligence, gender and intelligence, age and intelligence or hair colour and intelligence. The information concluded from this study could prove useful in
The aim of this investigation was to investigate if 'chunking' in STM will be affected by the speed of verbal progression through a word list.
Contents Section Page Number Abstract: 2 Introduction: 3 Aim/hypothesis: 6 Method: Design: 7 Method: Participants: 7 Method: Materials: 8 Method: Procedure: 8 Results: 9 Treatment of results: 14 Discussion: 15 Conclusion: 20 Bibliography: 21 References: 22 Appendix A: Standardised Instructions: 24 Appendix B: Word List: 25 Appendix C: Raw results/Findings: 26 Appendix D: Working out the Descriptive statistics- Mean, Mode, Median, Range and Standard Deviation: 27 Appendix E: Inferential Statistics- Mann Whitney U test: 30 Abstract The aim of this investigation was to investigate if 'chunking' in STM will be affected by the speed of verbal progression through a word list. My hypothesis was that 'The faster the
This study is a partial replication of a study by Bransford and Johnson (1972) on the effect of giving someone a schema to aid comprehension and recall of a short passage.
Abstract This study is a partial replication of a study by Bransford and Johnson (1972) on the effect of giving someone a schema to aid comprehension and recall of a short passage. It was predicted that the group given a schema before being read a short passage will comprehend significantly more than those not given a schema before reading a short passage. The research method chosen was an experiment, the target population was 16-19 year olds at Truro College in south west England. The design used was independent groups, and the sample consisted of thirty participants, randomly allocated, aged between 16 and 19 at Truro College. The sampling method used was opportunity sampling. The experiment involved the researcher randomly allocating a participant to a condition who was then read the standardised instructions which depending on the group they were allocated may or may not have included a schema. The participant was then read a short passage and asked to rate their comprehension on a scale of 1 to 7, the participant was then debriefed. The results were collected and a statistical test was then carried out in order to establish significance. The significance level was set at P?0.05 and a Mann Whitney U test was conducted. (U = 27.5 CV = 72). This means that the Null hypothesis that there would be no significant difference in the level of comprehension between those given
Effects of Authoritative, Authoritarian, and Permissive Parenting Styles experienced in childhoood on Levels of Self-Esteem in Later Life.
Effects of Authoritative, Authoritarian, and Permissive Parenting Styles experienced in childhoood on Levels of Self-Esteem in Later Life. ABSTRACT Relationships are fundamentally important to society. Individuals require each other for many different purposes, including self esteem. The aim of this study was to gain further experience in the design of a measure and its practical application. Research suggests that parenting styles experienced in childhood have a major impact on levels of self esteem in later life. Authoritative, authoritarian and permissive parenting styles were identified. 73 statements were generated for these styles. After piloting the study on twelve fellow psychology students (eleven females and one male), the range and standard deviation were calculated. Unacceptable statements were removed. 10 questions for each parenting style remained, these were presented as the final questionnaire. This was used in conjunction with the previously created self-esteem questionnaire. Participants were 11 males and 13 females, aged 16-60years, selected using the opportunity method. A test-retest reliability measure found a correlation of 0.88 for authoritative statements, 0.841 for authoritarian and 0.814 for permissive statements. Modifications would have to be made to reach the 0.9 recommended by Coolican for this reliability test. Data was correlated using a
The aim of this study is to see if the verbal label underneath each picture affects the participants recorded image and to see whether the Whorfian hypothesis is still present.
Index Page Abstract 3 Introduction 4-5 Aim, hypotheses 5 Method; Design, variables, target 6-7 -population and sampling method Apparatus and material 8 Procedure 8-10 Ethical considerations 10 Results 11-13 Discussion 14-15 Conclusion 15 References 16 Appendix index 17 Abstract A study was conducted with the aim of exploring memory by testing the effect of verbal label on the reproduction of abstract figures. Research that has already been carried out to which is similar to this experiment is the study of Carmichael, Hogan and Walter in 1932. The aim of this study is to see if the verbal label underneath each picture affects the participants recorded image and to see whether the Whorfian hypothesis is still present. The study was carried out in a classroom. The participants were selected by
What is it about superstition as measured by your scale that means it is negatively correlated in attitudes to organ donation?
INTRODUCTION- CLOSE UP PARAGRAPHS ABSTRACT AND WORD COUNT Organ transplantation was established in the 1960's and is now widely accepted by the medical profession as a way of treating patients who suffer from a major failure of their organs. ( nhs website GIVE REFERENCE) There is, however, a shortage of organ donors in the UK. Currently the UK operates an opting in system of organ donation, if people wish to donate their organs when they die, they sign a donor card or make their wishes know to their family. Other European countries, such as Spain, France and Belgium use a presumed consent system which means that they do not need to seek permission to use ones organs when they die. Consequently these countries have a higher rate of organ donation. It has been an issue of debate in this country for many years whether to introduce the opting out system. Doctors and the medical professionals are generally in favour of introducing an opting out system, however the Department of Health has constantly claimed that it has "no plans" to change the existing "opt-in" donor card scheme, the main reason being that a survey showed that only 28% of the public were in favour of an opt-out scheme. (www.bbc.co.uk) In 1996, there were 50,047 people on the donor waiting list and the total number of living and cadaveric donors reached 8,940. 4,083 people died whilst waiting for transplants,
Investigation to Determine the Current Level of Conformity and the Difference Between Males and Females
Contents Title Abstract Introduction Aims - Hypothesis (Null and Alternative) - Variables identified (Independent and Dependent) Design Participants Apparatus Procedure Controls Results - Results Analysis Graph Conclusion Discussion - Validity of results - How to improve validity - Reliability - How to improve reliability - Implications of the study - Generalisability - Real life application - Identifying possible causes for conformity References Appendices Title Investigation to Determine the Current Level of Conformity and the Difference Between Males and Females Abstract An experiment was conducted on Sherif (1936) autokinetic effect to see whether there will be a significant difference between the levels of conformity between male and female participants in an ambiguous situation. A random sample of 30 participants (5 male, 5 female for the control and 10male, 10 female for the conformity experiment) was used in this study. For this investigation the experimental method was used with unrelated independent groups. The groups were sampled from a dental and health clinic, which included both staff and customers chosen via opportunity sampling. This was the only factor considered in the sampling. All of the groups were tested under the same conditions and were presented with a jar of sweets. The stimulus to prompt conformity in the experiment was
An experiment to measure the effect Baroque and Renaissance music have on problem solving ability
An experiment to measure the effect Baroque and Renaissance music have on problem solving ability Abstract: This study follows the report of the "Mozart effect" by Rauscher Shaw, and Ky (1993, 1995). They indicated that problem solving related skills are enhanced after listening to music composed by Mozart. The objective of this study was to examine whether other music styles of a historical period (Baroque and Renaissance) other than Mozart affect problem solving ability. The method involved twelve participants individually undertaking a test (attempting three problem solving tests each). The experiment was counter balanced so they therefore did not all complete the same problems to the same music as each other. The participants were all selected via opportunity sampling as this could guarantee thorough and more respectable cooperation with the participants throughout the test, which would improve the results. The two hypotheses stated that there would be differences between Baroque and Renaissance in comparison with the previously proven aid of Mozart. The mean results exemplified that having Baroque or Renaissance music playing in the background did not improve performance in problem solving as positively as Mozart's classical music. To test these hypotheses the Related T-test test was used to compare Baroque and Renaissance with Mozart's classical music to see if
Highlight the effect of gender on the recency effect.
. Abstract This investigation was based on the works of Glanzer and Cunitz (1966), who explored the primacy and recency effect. This aim of the investigation was to highlight the effect of gender on the recency effect. The experimental hypothesis stated that females would recall significantly more words placed at the end of a word list than males. The independent variable for this investigation was the gender of the participants and the dependent variable was the recall of words. An independent measures design was used. A convenience sample of ten females and ten males was taken from the urban area of Hounslow, in Cranford Community College. The significance level used for this investigation was 0.05. A Chi-square statistical test was used with a score of 1.35, which meant that the results were insignificant. The results showed that females did not outperform males on a recall test, instead males slightly outperformed females; consequently the one-tailed hypothesis was rejected, whilst the null was accepted. 2. Aim: To investigate the effect of gender on the recency effect. 3. Experimental Hypothesis: females will recall significantly more words placed at the end of a word list than males. Null Hypothesis: There will be no significant difference between males and females in the recall of words placed at the end of a list and any difference is due to chance. 4.