Girl Interrupted Diagnosis and Treatment

Girl Interrupted Diagnosis and Treatment Amanda Millard This movie took place in the 1960's, where Kaysen was admitted into a mental hospital and is diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. It would be difficult to treat her from the beginning since she was unaware that she had a disorder and that she was only there to get rest and be stress free for an awhile. Kaysen was admitted into the mental hospital when she tried to commit suicide by taking several pills. As in borderline personality disorder, they try to hurt themselves in order to make them feel better about themselves or give them a sense of living. It also can take away the emptiness that they may be feeling. The best way to treat a person with this type of disorder is psychotherapy, which in the past has showed some improvement for people with borderline personality disorder. It is important in psychodynamic therapy for Kaysen to focus on the central relationship disturbance, poor sense of self, and pervasive loneliness and emptiness. This can be combined with cognitive-behavioral approaches to help the patient, or Kaysen in this case, to recognize the perspectives of others. Antidepressant, antibipolar, antianxiety, and antipsychotic drugs could also be used in helping individuals with this disorder to calm their emotional and aggressive storms. Another form of treatment that is becoming more

  • Word count: 534
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Biological Sciences
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To work with people it is important to understand the development of their sense of self and their unconscious motivations. Discuss.

MA IN YOUTH AND COMMUNITY STUDIES (DISTANCE LEARNING PROGRAMME) YEAR 1 MODULE 1 Tutor : Simon Bradford Student : Susanna Pope ED5111 : Psychology * Essay : To work with people it is important to understand the development of their sense of self and their unconscious motivations. Discuss. (2000 words) * Case Study : The development of school mental health workshops. (2000 words) To work with people it is important to understand the development of their sense of self and their unconscious motivations. Discuss. Sense of self is the profound emotion of our individual value. All workers, particularly youth orientated, should be familiar with the important part self esteem plays in the recognition of who we are and how we deal with the events of our lives. According to Heinz Kohut, sense of self isn't something you'd love to have but don't have. All of us need self esteem and adolescence is the time to balance and retain the level of sense of self gained during our childhood. "Good sense of self is important because it helps you to hold your head high and feel proud of yourself and what you can do. It gives you the courage to try new things and the power to believe in yourself. It lets you respect yourself, even when you make mistakes. And when you respect yourself, adults and other kids usually respect you, too." (McCombes, B. I. 1997) This paper presents some

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  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Biological Sciences
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People often misremember, or forget completely. What can be deduced about the processes of memory on the basis of everyday memory failures?

People often misremember, or forget completely. What can be deduced about the processes of memory on the basis of everyday memory failures? It would be difficult to think of a cognitive process which could be carried out without a memory system. However, people often complain that they often do forget the things which they would like to remember. Therefore an understanding of the way memory works is especially important when looking at why people misremember and forget. Because of this, much research has been carried out over the years on memory. Research in the 1970's tended to be based on the structural view of memory based on the modal model. This was later replaced with the idea that we have different types of knowledge with memory systems and memory processes. The most influential approach to what governs the complex pattern of remembering and forgetting has come from schema theory. This essay will look at how schema theory explains why people misremember and forget. Schema theory was first proposed by Bartlett in 1932 and was largely ignored until the 1980's. Schema theory suggests that the information we have stored in memory is organized in such a way as to incorporate all the knowledge of a given type of object or event that we have acquired from past experience. Schemas are packages of information stored in memory representing general knowledge about all

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  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Biological Sciences
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COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY "Discuss low-level and high-level explanations of illusory contours." It would appear that the process of perceiving images, objects and color is an effortless activity, however the underlying mechanisms

COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY "Discuss low-level and high-level explanations of illusory contours." It would appear that the process of perceiving images, objects and color is an effortless activity, however the underlying mechanisms involved are fundamentally very complex and not fully understood even today. Only in the last one hundred years have scientists started to make some progress in understanding vision and perception, and visual illusions in particular provided a window into these processes. Even when we intellectually can determine that we are looking at an illusion, it does not keep us from being effected by its properties. This indicates a split between our perception of something and our conception of it. In many cases our higher order cognitive abilities cannot influence our lower order perceptions (Gregory, 1975). For example in the famous Kanizsa's illusion, the solid triangle in the center appears to have well-defined contours. Observers generally report a strong phenomenal impression that contours continue between the inducing areas of the stimulus and that the region bound by the illusory contours appears either lighter (or darker) than the background. It emerges as an opaque surface that is superimposed on the background figure and although we are aware of illusory properties of the triangle we cannot stop ourselves experiencing the illusion (Sekuler & Blake,

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  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Biological Sciences
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Describe a study which investigates either conformity or obedience This essay is going to talk about a study on The Stanford Prison Experiment on Conformity by Zimbardo

Describe a Study that describes Conformity or Obedience This essay is going to talk about a study on The Stanford Prison Experiment on Conformity by Zimbardo. It is going to explain why it was done, how it was set up, how the participants were picked, what happened during the experiment, why it was stopped, and the findings. (www.zimbardo.com) In 1971, Zimbardo a respected Psychologist heard about recent prison uprisings and became interested in what it would mean psychologically to be a prisoner and a guard. Zimbardo decided to do a study on conformity and had the idea of simulating a prison to see how people would internalise into their roles. After conferring with the British Psychological Society he began to set up his experiment. (www.zimbardo.com) Participants were picked by maturity, intelligence, on their physical and mental health history and also their criminal history. The twenty-four participants selected were given consent forms to sign and a contract (with legal advice) stating they would receive a daily payment of fifteen Dollars for various tasks and work activities within the prison. Zimbardo split participants into two groups; half prisoners who were given rules they had to comply with or they'd be punished. An example was: "Prisoners must always address the guards as "Mr correction officer" and the warden as, " Mr chief correctional

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  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Biological Sciences
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Cognitive heuristic approaches to decision making

Name: Ann-Mari Pynnonen. Level 2, psychology laboratory report on availability heuristic. (grade: A-). We rely on our past experiences when we make judgements about various uncertain events in our everyday life, but how valid these judgements actually are? Relatively 'little is known about the psychological mechanisms by which people assess the probability of an uncertain event or the value of an uncertain quantity' (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974: 1124). Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman have done highly influential work on decision-making in the field of cognitive and social psychology, which have shown the frequency of irrationality in people's beliefs and decisions (Ashcraft, 1994; Kahneman, Slovic, & Tversky, 1982). Tversky and Kahneman proposed that people use a limited number of cognitive heuristic approaches, which are learned 'rules of thumb' when judging probability or frequency of uncertain phenomena. Even though cognitive heuristics are prone to inaccuracies, one must emphasize that heuristics are surprisingly efficient cognitive strategies in guiding our decision making process, even though they can misguide us (Wolf, 2001). Tversky and Kahneman have identified a number of such heuristics, but we shall concentrate on only one of them: frequency judgements, or availability heuristic. Ideally we would always engage ourselves into a systematic and deep elaboration of any

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  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Biological Sciences
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Eyewitness Testimony: Critical Issue

Eyewitness Testimony: Critical Issue Eyewitness testimony is an important area in which memory theory has been applied. The consequences of inaccurate eyewitness testimony may be serious, especially as jurors are reported to be highly influenced by such evidence. Therefore, it is not surprising that psychologists should be interested in trying to find out what causes unreliable testimony and how to improve it. A number of different avenues of research have been pursued. These include the reconstructive nature of memory, the role of leading questions, the effects of fear and anxiety, and the process of face recognition. Reconstructive Memory ? Bartlett has demonstrated how memory involves an active interpretation and reconstruction of events, influenced by our previous understanding and knowledge about similar events (our schemas). ? Schemas (schemata) are organised packages of knowledge about objects, events e.t.c. built up through experience and stored in LTM. They provide frameworks to help us deal with new information and experiences. When schemas relate to social behaviours they are called scripts and consist of the stereotypical sequences of actions that are typical for a given occasion (such as visiting a restaurant). ? Schemas, which include stereotypes, are important at the initial storage stage as well as at the retrieval stage of memory. e.g. Bransford and

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  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Biological Sciences
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Evaluate the contribution of the social perspective to our understanding of language and meaning as well as the psychology of sex and gender.

TMA06 Evaluate the contribution of the social perspective to our understanding of language and meaning as well as the psychology of sex and gender. This essay will evaluate the contribution of the social perspective to the understanding of two central issues in psychology: language and meaning as well as the psychology of sex and gender. In the first part of the essay, the impact of the social perspective on sex and gender will be examined and shows how this perspective has widen the knowledge of the topic and what limitations arise. The second part will show how the perspective has contributed to the understanding of language and meaning. Further, it will discussed whether the methodology is appropriate to come to conclusions which provide a full understanding of the topics. The social perspective focuses on the impact of social influences on human behaviour. Other people are an important factor for human´s development and behaviour. Only the other people make humans behave and think as they do. Another important factor are discourses. They constitute a reality which is chosen by humans where they are appropriate. They are culturally and historically specific and produced socially. When looking on language and meaning as well as the psychology of sex and gender, the social perspective makes use of the two factors described above. The third factor to explore issues

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  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Biological Sciences
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What factors need to be taken into account when conducting and interpreting intellectual assessments in neurological impaired patients?

What factors need to be taken into account when conducting and interpreting intellectual assessments in neurological impaired patients? Intelligence is a concept that encompasses many mental ablilities. Researchers have tried to define the core features of intelligence and have come up with many different definitions. Binet and Simon (1905, as cited in Kamphaus, Winsor, Rowe & Kim, 2005) defined intelligence as "the ability to judge, understand and reason well". Perhaps the most widely referenced and enduring definition comes from David Wechsler (1939), who described intelligence as "the aggregate or global capacity to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to deal effectively with the environment" (p. 3). Since then, scientists have attempted to integrate different researchers' ideas and find a consensus definition. A fairly recent definition comes from "Mainstream Science on Intelligence", which was signed by 52 intelligence researchers in 1994. They regard intelligence as "very general mental capability that, among other things, involves the ability to reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, learn quickly and learn from experience. It is not merely book learning, a narrow academic skill, or test-taking smarts. Rather, it reflects a broader and deeper capability for comprehending our surroundings -- "catching on," "making sense" of

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  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Biological Sciences
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Discuss human binaural sound localisation and lateralisation and related binaural phenomena including binaural masking level differences. How are these phenomena dependant on the frequency composition of the auditory stimuli?

Discuss human binaural sound localisation and lateralisation and related binaural phenomena including binaural masking level differences. How are these phenomena dependant on the frequency composition of the auditory stimuli? Sound localisation is the ability to identify the location from which a sound is emanating (Goldstine, 2002) which serves many important purposes such as determining which direction to avoid or where to look in order to identify the source. Lateralization refers to the 'apparent location of a sound source within the head' (Moore, 1989) which is normally manipulated by using headphones to control the effect of other cues such as interaural differences. Lateralization has been described as the laboratory version of localization because of the ease at which it can be investigated and manipulated to investigate participants' perception of distance and direction. Binaural sound localisation refers more specifically to the process of discriminating the origins of sound using information obtained by both ears, particularly by the comparison between these two sets of information. The method of identifying the origin of the sound using this is dependant on the type of sound, for example pure tones which consist of a single pitch or frequency or complex sounds which are more complicated. For pure tones these comparisons can be between the interaural time

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  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Biological Sciences
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