This author will attempt to show two different forms of prejudice, using African-American Black History, and the persecution of the Jews in World War II.

Prejudism Prejudice. The path of the righteous man is beset on all sides by the inequities of the selfish, and the tyranny´s of evil men. Blessed is he who in the name of charity & goodwill shepherds the weak through the valley of darkness, for He is truly his brothers keeper and the finder of lost children, and I will strike down upon thee with great vengeance and furious anger those who attempt to poison and destroy my brothers, and you will know my name is the Lord when I lay my vengeance upon thee. Ezekiel 25:17. New testament. Introduction. This author will attempt to show two different forms of prejudice, using African-American Black History, and the persecution of the Jews in World War II. What is prejudice? Prejudice is an extreme attitude towards one particular group of people, and it compromises the components of all attitudes including: · Cognitive component, i.e. stereotyping · Affective component, i.e. strong feeling of hostility · Behavioral component, i.e. actions and manners. (Gross-Science of Mind and behavior 1999). Allport (Gross et al 1999) states that the behavioral component may include five different examples: · Antilocution: hostility via verbal expression, verbal denigration & insult, racial jokes and references. · Avoidance: keeping a distance but not inflicting physical harm. · Discrimination: exclusion from civil rights, decent

  • Word count: 2547
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Biological Sciences
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Evaluate critically the evidence in favour of late selection.

SHIKHA GOSAIN Evaluate critically the evidence in favour of late selection The debate concerning the locus of attentional selection has been a moot point ever since Deutsch and Deutsch (1963) contested Broadbent's theory of early perceptual selection with their theory of late response selection (1958). The production of competing data and competing explanations over whether selection occurs early or late has been relatively unsuccessful in facilitating our understanding of attention. However, it has become increasingly apparent that the degree of processing achieved by information in visual displays is dependent on a variety of factors and, therefore, a clear-cut distinction between early selection and late selection may be inappropriate. In particular Miller (1991) identified that the processing of unattended stimuli depended on how much of the attentional capacity was engaged by the attended items. This concept was investigated further by Lavie (1995) who reviewed evidence for the effect of load (number of items) on performance in a variety of selective tasks. Lavie (1995) proposed that whether attention is early or late depends on the demands of the task. Lavie's work directs us to a promising compromise between a strict early or late selection theory. This essay will firstly outline the main principles of the early selection and late selection theories. Evidence for late

  • Word count: 2428
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Biological Sciences
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What is Temperament? - can it affect child development?

What is Temperament? - can it affect child development? Is it possible that temperament can affect child development? First I will define temperament. Then I will look at case studies to see if temperament affected the child's development. I will be looking at the work of M. Rutter and John Piaget. I will study case studies by T Berry Brazelton and Bertrand G Cramer. I will also see how temperament has been organised by Thomas and Chess, Buss and Plomin, Dunn and Kendrick, and Kagan. Finally I will look at 'goodness of fit'. Let me first define temperament. The concise Oxford Dictionary gives the definition of 'individual character of ones physical organisation permanently affecting the manner of acting, feeling and thinking.' Rutter (1987) defines it as 'an abstract notion of a trait or disposition to act or behave which is not shown by just one behaviour act but rather in the qualities of behaviour over extended periods of time'. (book one) I would like to look at some case studies. The first case I would like to look at is Robert. Robert was studied by T. Berry Brazelton and Bertrand G. Cramer. Robert's mother was aware that her baby was going to be big but was still shocked when she saw how big he was. Robert was well-built and weighed nine pounds. He was active and wide awake. He was wriggling and looking around the room. His head was slightly

  • Word count: 2116
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Biological Sciences
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Outline Freud's model of the mind or psyche, and consider why this is sometimes referred to as the 'psychodynamic' model

Outline Freud's model of the mind or psyche, and consider why this is sometimes referred to as the 'psychodynamic' model. Include in your answer relevant key terms that are associated with Freud's thought. "An unconscious dimension to the human psyche had been apparent to philosophers and artists for centuries" (Key Sociological Thinkers). Sigmund Freud, however, attempted to put a structure to the 'unconscious' in order to define and provide an explanation of some of the ways our unconscious mind is expressed. He divided the model of the psyche into unconscious, pre-conscious and conscious states of mind. Freud's work was originally directed towards researching the unconscious psyche after assisting Dr Joseph Breuer to write a book on the theory behind 'hysteria'. The book charted Breuer's constant observations of one of his patients. A woman - nicknamed 'Anna O' - developed a series of unusual symptoms without legitimate physical causes which began after her father died. "She lost the feeling in her hands and feet, developed some paralysis, and began to have involuntary spasms. She also had visual hallucinations and tunnel vision." (Personality Theories: Sigmund Freud) Breuer describes Anna O falling into 'spontaneous hypnosis' in which she would talk freely about her anxieties and specific disturbing thoughts. When Anna 'woke-up' from her trance, some of her symptoms

  • Word count: 1647
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Biological Sciences
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Critique one major psychological theory: Freud

UNIVERSITY OF WALES COLLEGE NEWPORT B.A COMMUNITY STUDIES HUMAN GROWTH AND BEHAVIOUR Critique one major psychological theory: Freud TUTOR: KIRSTEN MERRYL-GLOVER STUDENT: 10021929 DATE DUE: 10 DECEMBER 2002 A critique of the Psychodynamic Theory Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) was an Austrian physician who pioneered the study of the unconscious. He developed the methods of free association and interpretations of dreams that are basic techniques of psychoanalysis. Freud used the term psychoanalysis to describe his theories and techniques for identifying and curing the mental problems of his patients. Freud developed his theory during the second half of the nineteenth century; he spent much of his life attempting to develop his ideas to explain all aspects of human behaviour (Benson 1991, p. 33). This essay will attempt to outline the four main concepts that Freud developed in relation to personality development, the unconscious, the psychosexual stages of development and how defence mechanisms can be shown in behaviour and finally an evaluation of Freuds work will be considered along with criticism of his theory. Freud devised the best known and arguably the most widely studied of all the personality theories. Freud believed that instinctual biological urges, primarily sexual and aggressive are the forces that motivate every aspect of an individual's behaviour.

  • Word count: 2317
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Biological Sciences
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The purpose of this essay is to compare and contrast the approaches existential therapy and cognitive-behavioural therapy have towards understanding and working with fear and sadness.

Etma2 The purpose of this essay is to compare and contrast the approaches existential therapy and cognitive-behavioural therapy have towards understanding and working with fear and sadness. I will also discuss which approach I prefer and feel more drawn to and why. I will look at the pros and cons of both types of therapy before concluding that the approach I'm more drawn to is existential therapy. Existential therapy Ludwig Binswanger and Medard Boss were the first people to develop existential therapy in the 1930s. They based their work on a number of existential philosophers but mainly on Martin Heidegger. (Langdridge. pg. 126) Over the past 30 years existential therapy had made further progress and has been developed by writers and therapists such as Rollo May, Irving Yalom, Victor Frankl and Ronnie Laing. (Langdridge, pg.127) The main existential philosophers were Nietzsche, Heidegger and Sartre. Edmund Husserl believed that a therapist should work phenomenologically; trying to see the work as it is for the client. To adapt a phenomenological attitude a therapist must attempt to see the world as it appears to the client. They must be empathetic towards the client. If the therapist does not think in a phenomenological way, they are not working existentially. To work in a phenomenological way, one must engage in a process call epoche. There are four

  • Word count: 2176
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Biological Sciences
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Results form surveys are often taken at face value. Show, by discussing the construction and administration of postal questionnaires, where errors could occur in the data collection process.

Results form surveys are often taken at face value. Show, by discussing the construction and administration of postal questionnaires, where errors could occur in the data collection process. A survey is a way of systematically gathering information using structured interviews or postal/ telephone questionnaires, it also involves the interpretation of this data by enumeration and statistical analysis. Results form surveys should not be taken at face value as they often are. The data collection process needs to be looked at in greater detail and understood before the results can be correctly interpreted. This essay will explain how and where errors can occur in the data collection process by discussing the administration and construction of postal questionnaires. Postal questionnaires rely on self-completion and are widely used to gather information from a large sample of the population. One of the main problems with postal questionnaires is that they are self-completion. People who are illiterate or have disabilities such as dyslexia may have problems completing questionnaires. (Simmons 2001.) Due to certain groups of people being unable to respond, this may affect the results of the survey. Therefore postal questionnaires should, where ever possible avoid being sent to these groups of people although this may result in a unrepresentative

  • Word count: 1585
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Biological Sciences
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Reconstruction of an automobile destruction

This document was downloaded from Coursework.Info - The UK's Coursework Database - http://www.coursework.info/ - - The affect of leading questions upon recall of a previous event Jessica Allen, Katie Hodgkinson, Anna Jenkyns and Sarah Mitchell, Abstract Background There has been much debate about the accuracy and reliability of eyewitness testimony. In particular, many studies have investigated the effects of presenting eyewitnesses with misleading information either before or after the witnessed event. There is a great deal of evidence to suggest that subsequent questioning, and the use of ‘leading questions’ can influence the memory of eyewitnesses. Aim The aim of the study was to replicate the study of Loftus and Palmer (1974), in which they investigated the effects of leading questions on their participants’ memory of a particular event, in this case a car crash. Method After conducting a pilot study, thirty university students were randomly allocated to different groups: bumped, collided or smashed. Each group was shown the same video of a car crash and were subsequently asked to fill out a questionnaire. All questions were the same for each group, apart from one question where the verb was changed, “How fast did you perceive the car to be travelling when it (bumped/collided/smashed) into the other car?” Results The analytical comparisons of the

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  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Biological Sciences
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Do fathers really matter in the development of children? Discuss with reference to recent theory and literature.

Do fathers really matter in the development of children? Discuss with reference to recent theory and literature. The role of the father is an important one in families as fathers contribute both to the growth and development of their children. There is an evolving view of the role of the father which has changed dramatically during the 20th Century alongside with the changing role of the family. Traditionally the role of the father was seen as the breadwinner, in terms of their ability to provide economically for their family. In today's society, qualities of being a good father not only include providing financial stability to the family however involve being able to actively take part in their children' life as well as establishing closer relationships. In this essay I will be looking closer at research on children's development within father absent families and lesbian mother families, in comparison to children's development in traditional families. Also I will be viewing the main contributions a father makes to a child's development. Some studies find that fathers who are more involved with their children contribute much to their children's intellectual, social, and emotional development (Engle & Breaux, 1998). For example, the quality of the interaction between the child and the father has been found to be a better predictor of children's cognitive development than the

  • Word count: 1797
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Biological Sciences
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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Many psychological disorders are present in modern life today. They range from trivial behavior quirks to severe cases of mental illness. One, which on the surface does not appear very important, is obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Yet when looked at closer, this disorder afflicts thousands of people and is more serious that it first appears. This paper presents an explanation of the symptoms, their causes and the treatments that are currently used for obsessive compulsive disorder. The symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder consist of invasive and irrepressible thoughts (obsessions) or the need to perform specific acts repeatedly (compulsions), or both. While the most people have habits or routines, sufferers of obsessive compulsive disorder have rituals that take up a large amount of their time, causing them anxiety and affecting their ability to function normally. Some of those afflicted are so fearful of the imaginary dangers that they often refuse to leave the solace of their own homes. People with obsessive compulsive disorder are bombarded with obsessive thoughts that make them feel worried or scared. To handle that fear they revert to compulsive behavior. While compulsive behavior helps deal with those obsessions, the relief is only temporary, and the obsession always returns. The inability to rid oneself of

  • Word count: 835
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Biological Sciences
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