how does sport fit into society
How does sport fit into society Sociological issues- REPORT Introduction I have recently been assigneded to the department for culture, media and sport. I have been asked to write a report by the minister for sport about the falling rates in sport participation. This report will show how sports fits into society. I will first look at sports in society, in general and then I will look at three sociologists and their sociological theories. I will finally compare these theories and conclude with my own theory. PEOPLE WOULD RATHER WATCH THAN PLAY Firstly, I believe that, sport has and will always affect all societies, some more than others. It can affect people within society at different levels of intensity. For example some people are willing to fund different amounts of money into their chosen sports, they buy the team kits, attend the matches and even travel to international games. Some even base their lives around sports, determining their relationships. Sport involves everyone, its everywhere we look. A large number of people play sports whether its at professional, amatre or just recreational level. You can't look in a newspaper without having to read the results of the latest games, most of which is football. Sports dominates a major part of the televison agenda. Children often idolise professional sports players. This can be either a good or a bad thing. If a
How Are Racial Issues Such As Stereotyping, Centrality and Stacking Related to the Olympics?
How Are Racial Issues Such As Stereotyping, Centrality and Stacking Related to the Olympics? There are different examples in the Olympics, which deal with racist issues. Stacking, centrality and stereotyping are just three. Stereotyping is defined as when the athletes are said to be good or bad at certain sports due to their race or ethnicity. An example of the stereotyping is that "white men can't jump". Stacking is where players are put into positions and sports based on their ethnic background. An example of stacking is the North Americans in the marathons. A linked theory is called centrality; this is where the dominant group in society does the dominant role in a team or sport, (in the UK and USA this tends to be WASP's (White Anglo Saxon Protestants)). An example of centrality is the Olympic Committee being mostly white. Every race is stereotyped where people label a group of people as all having the same image or characteristics for example people say that black people are faster at sprinting than white people. This isn't a racist comment as it is the truth. Scientists have found that Athletes of West African descent which include most African American, Caribbean and black British athletes have a physique that is suited to explosive events, requiring sprinting and jumping. Such athletes possess what biologists call a mesomorphic physique with bigger, more
There are many different opinions on athletes vs. non-athletes for college admissions.
Two Admissions List There are many different opinions on athletes vs. non-athletes for college admissions. Out of all the reasons for having one or two admissions list, the reasons for having one far exceed the reasons for having two. Having two admissions list would bring thing such as fairness and diversity to colleges. It would be better for both academically and athletically good students. If athletes had their own admissions list, it would be extremely unfair. First of all, athletes would have more free time because they would not need to study. If there was only one list the athletes would be competing with other students. Athletes competing with other students would make them work harder in high school. Also, it is unfair to the teachers because coaches have to pick from about five to twenty-five students, while teachers have to pick about 2,000 students. At Amherst, there is a number rating from one to five. The number five is given to the most undesirable student for admission and a one is a student who is extremely wanted. Thirty-three percent of athletes with a rating of four and forty-eight percent with a three were accepted. Of non-athletes, only ten percent with threes were admitted. It has been found that athletes under perform academically. Having one admissions list would prevent this from happening. Colleges would only be accepting the best to
Discuss Factors That Control Respiration.
DISCUSS FACTORS THAT CONTROL RESPIRATION. Stimuli that drive respiration can be classified as either chemical or voluntary... Chemical control has evolved to meet the following general needs; to insure a supply of oxygen for tissue metabolism and to remove the by product carbon dioxide and to help maintain the acid base balance of the body. Voluntary control is necessary to fine-tune the respiratory output for purposeful activities such as speech, sneezing, coughing and other behaviours but it is overridden if blood carbon dioxide rises (hypercapnia) (Medical Education, 2002 p1). The basic rhythm of respiration is controlled by groups of nerve cells that control the rate and depth of inspiration. The area which nerve impulses are sent to the respiratory muscles is called the respiratory centre and consists of groups of neurons divided into three areas; the medullary rhythmicity areas, the pneumotaxic area and the apneustic area (Tortora & Grabowski, 2000 p836). They are situated in the brainstem, the medulla oblongata. The medulla oblongata looks like a swollen tip to the spinal cord (Jenkins, 2002 p2). It ensures that the correct level of gas exchange is maintained according to the body's demands. These nerve cells send a rhythmic pattern of impulses to the diaphragm and the intercostals, the muscles of respiration. When intense respiratory effort is required, the
Sport industry.The sport industry is important to many people whop work in it and those people who use the products and the services it offers. There are three main sectors of sports which are
COLLABORATION AND COMPETITION. Sport has important benefits for individuals and the country. The sport industry is important to many people whop work in it and those people who use the products and the services it offers. There are three main sectors of sports which are: * The public sector- organisations which the government put the money into the business to keep it running, For example: Herring Thorpe leisure centre. The aims for the public sector are that they provide sports for people in local areas for a reasonable price and are not the best quality of facility. This sector isn't really built for making a profit; it is mainly for the local people to participate in sport and to keep them fit and healthy. The organisation of the public sector is good but if there is not enou money being made then they can close it down or close just the main attraction down which could be things like a swimming pool or a sports hall if a shortage of money. The people who participate in this sector are the local people who have a good interest in sport and want to keep fit and healthy. The public sectors funding isn't to make a profit it is just to provide sports for the local people and for them to keep fit. * The private sector- an organisation which aims to make a profit from the business for themselves and other people. These are private clubs which provide facilities for members.
A comparison of maximal heart rates derived from prediction equations compared to actual laboratory measures for cycling and arm ergometry.
A comparison of maximal heart rates derived from prediction equations compared to actual laboratory measures for cycling and arm ergometry Introduction: For this assignment I will aim to talk about the methods of predicting maximal heart rate that we used, the methods we undertook to get our results in the laboratory and then I will analyse these results and compare to how they should look if the predictive equations are correct. Heart rate is used as a guide to set exercise intensity because of the relatively linear relationship between heart rate and VO2 max (ACSM, 2006, p.143 and ACSM, 2000; Londeree and Ames, 1976; Gilman, 1996; Zavorsky, 2000, all cited by Santos et al.,2005, p.270). It is best to measure maximal HR (HRmax) during a progressive maximal exercise test whenever possible because HRmax declines with age (ACSM, 2006, p.143). Finding HRmax is important for clinical and health reasons, for example a straight percentage of HRmax is used as a basis for prescribing exercise intensity in both rehabilitation and disease prevention programs (ACSM, 2000; Fletcher, 1997, both cited by Tanaka et al., 2001, p.153). Maximal heart rate also is widely used as a criterion for achieving peak exertion in the determination of maximal aerobic capacity (ACSM, 2000; Tanaka et al., 1997; Howley et al., 1995, all cited by Tanaka et al., 2001, p.153). Therefore we know that
The Ends Justify the Means in Today's Society.
Gabe Plagge IH 51 Section 44 April 29, 2003 Paper #3 The Ends Justify the Means in Today's Society Throughout history, many political theorists have emerged, and shared their beliefs with their cultures at the time. Some grew famous and became world renown. Many views that they espoused lived on through the teachings of followers and the arguments of opponents. Niccolo Machiavelli was one of these great thinkers. His political analysis is still quarreled over today, and his philosophy raises many ethical questions, even in our present global society. In perhaps Machiavelli's most famous work, The Prince, the underlying theme is the belief that the ends justify the means. In other words, if the outcome of a certain situation is advantageous, then it does not matter how that outcome was achieved. In The Prince, Machiavelli extends this idea to the leadership of a state. He explains to the reader that the Prince must do whatever necessary to establish a stable state. Thus, if need be, the leader may kill, cheat, lie, or brutalize his way into a strong and sturdy position as leader. This idea can be applied to many other situations, and is a theme that is still pertinent to our 2003 American society. First, many business leaders adopt Machiavellian principles in running their companies, maintaining them, and making big profits. In the book, Management and
Sports Psychology Evaluation
Sports Psychology Evaluation Introduction The mind-body connection is a very powerful one. For everything you think in your mind, your body has a reaction, regardless of whether it is real or imagined. For example, if a person is home alone and they hear a noise and interpret it as the wind, they are fine; but if they interpret it as a prowler, their fight or flight response takes over and they become fearful, their heart begins going a mile a minute, their eyes dilate and they are scared. This is psychological and has proved to be apparent in many aspects of live, sport especially. ' The psychology of sport is perhaps the real discipline that can make the difference between participation and being competitive' (Syer & Connolly, 1984, p.6). Psychology has become a major element in sport in recent years, in particular for elite athletes. For example, one third of golfers on major tours work with a sports psychologist or consultant. (Brennan, 1990, p.252). The main aspect of sport psychology is the understanding of individual differences within and between sports. The understanding of sports psychology is important for the coach and the athlete equally. The coach needs to focus on psychological factors, especially 'the four C's' which are control, confidence, commitment and communication. ' ...coaches can adapt normal training practices to incorporate a number of simple
Violence in Sport. There are various theories that explain the relationship between sports and violence, but a few of them are discussed here, which are considered to be the most fundamental concepts in this area of study.
Running Head: SPORT AND EXCERCISE SCIENCE Sport and Exercise Science [Name of the writer] [Name of the institution] Sport and Exercise Science Introduction Sport is an instrument of social development, immediately linked to the welfare and health of the population, as well as to the values ??of self-improvement, fair competition, merit recognition, solidarity, equal opportunities and combating discrimination. Sport is also an opportunity to channel human efforts towards socially useful purposes and promotion contributes to the fight against scourges such as addictions, providing suitable areas for youth to apply and exercise your mental and real potential (Delaney 2001, pp. 55-69). The sport is called to be one of the pillars of human development. Sport, we reiterate, is action of social and economic development, since, with the tourism industry, it is considered to be one of the most important sources of income for everyone. Examples are the World Cup, the Formula 1 Grand Prix and the Olympic Games. While the problem of violence in connection with sports events is not new, in recent years, it is also linked to the consumption and marketing of drugs. There was an increase in the number and degree of violence in these episodes, which are in all cases rejected by society (Guttmann, 2001, pp. 5-27). The concept of 'violence in sports' is elusive. Like other aspects of
is sportsmanship possible in professional sports? In this essay I will be looking at the influence in which professional sport has had on sport itself and how people perceive sport.
Is sportsmanship possible in professional sport? Introduction: In this essay I will be looking at the influence in which professional sport has had on sport itself and how people perceive sport. The objective of this essay will be to define some key terms such as ethics, professional, sportsmanship and gamesmanship. I will elaborate on those points looking to provide a link to theories such as sociological and deviance and beliefs which I will then look to relate them to sport using a sporting example. Ethics is a term that will be repeatedly used throughout this essay; Ethics has been defined in various ways by drawing on the principle of good and evil and what is right and what is wrong. This idea of what makes actions right and wrong are known as normative ethics. However over time normative ethics have become too complex to place people's actions solely under the rightness and wrongness virtue. Consequently the study of normative ethics began to decline in the 20th century and were replaced by the evolution of modern day theories; consequentialism, deontology, virtue and discourse ethics (Gardiner, 2005). Consequentialism refers to a morally right action that produces a positive consequence (Lang, 2006). An example of this would be maradona's hand of god as it proved a negative outcome for England but a positive outcome for Argentina. Deontology theory refers to the