Stress variations in gender
Psychology coursework Hyun-Ju Lee Introduction A fairly conventional definition of stress is given by Robbins (1998) in the following terns: '...A dynamic condition in which an individual is confronted with an opportunity, constraint or demand related to what he or she desires and for which the outcome is perceived to be both uncertain and important.' A definition relation of this type relate stress to the pressures which most-if not all individuals experience at some time of their professional or private lives. Depending on the particular context, these pressures can be either positive (an opportunity) or negative (a threat, constraint or demand)-or quite conceivably both of these at once. The above also highlights the tensions inherent in such situations for it is surely these, which ultimately trigger stress. There can, of course, be little doubt that in some respects pressure (perhaps in the form of a standard or a deadline) can increase the motivation of individuals by 'concentrating the mind'. Pressures of this type are often referred to as 'positive stress'. This notion appears to lie Bailley's (1991) comment that stress, while part of working life. '...Can also be the spice of life'? While stress is notoriously difficult to define accurately, it is possible to identify three broad pressure sources, which might be termed: Self-imposed (arising out of our
Are twins more similar who grow up together than twins raised apart?
Are twins more similar who grow up together than twins raised apart? - Introduction Sigelman & Rider (2003) stated that it is clearly evident that genetic influences are consistent throughout the development of identical twins. However, Matlin (1999) argues that environmental factors encounter for half of these characteristics. Exploring both of these arguments I will investigate the development of identical twins being raised together and raised apart, comparing these results with the development of fraternal twins. Identical twins originate from a single fertilised egg, when the cell divides they are an exact replica of each other. Fraternal twins originate from two different eggs and are fertilised by a different sperm cell (Gleitman, 1999). Sigelman et al (2003) stated that measuring differences of identical and fraternal twins, raised together or raised apart, showed no varying correlation's at birth. Although correlation's between the both were visible in their early teens. Gender is not an issue in this essay, as identical twins are always of the same sex, although fraternal twins may be of the opposite sex. Throughout this essay I will only focus on twins of the same gender. This study can be characterised in two different areas: The Biological Theory, throughout this theory theorists believe that human development is determined by our genes (Matlin, 1999).
Examine Jonson's use in Volpone of animal imagery
Examine Jonson's use in Volpone of animal imagery Volpone whilst being a satirical comedy can be considered a beast play, as all the principle characters are people, but have animal names and display characteristics of the animals they represent. Jonson was a Renaissance dramatist and poet and was concerned with classical precedent. In Volpone, Jonson adapts a traditional beast fable that is found in Aesop's fables and presents a moral ending. Jonson refers to Aesop's fable of the fox that cunningly tricks a crow into dropping its cheese, in act one scene two. As Volpone tricks Voltore into giving him "A piece of plate" (P115), he remarks to Mosca "and not a fox / Stretched on the earth, with fine delusive sleights, / Mocking a gaping crow?" (P115). I think this reference to the fable suggests how easily Volpone will take wealth from the other characters. Jonson refers to the same Aesop's fable again in act five, scene eight. "A witty merchant, the fine bird, Corvino, / That have such moral emblems on your name, / Should not have sung your shame, and dropped your cheese, / To let the Fox laugh at your emptiness." (P271) I think Jonson illustrates the fable directly in this quotation as the fox is laughing at the crow for dropping his presents and singing his out his declaration of cuckoldry to the court. The animal imagery in Volpone is very obvious immediately to
Antibiotic use in domestic animals - knock on effects to the environment IntroductionAntibiotics are extensively in livestock, fish
Elisabeth Fuller Page 1 05/05/2007 Antibiotic use in domestic animals - knock on effects to the environment Introduction Antibiotics are extensively in livestock, fish, and plant production worldwide. The effect that this has on the environment is widespread. All manners of the environment are affected. The main affect on the Plantae is through eutrophication. The waste from the domestic animals contains antibiotic resistant bacteria which enters the soil and contributes to the nitrogen-fixing that is taking place. This increases the rate of eutrophication and so many of the nutrients in the soil are leached out far more quickly than they are being replaced. This is obviously detrimental to the plants that need to gain their nutrients from this soil. They struggle to gain the necessary levels for basic survival and so become weak and eventually die if the process continues. However, the area that is going to be focussed on in this essay is how antibiotic use in domestic animals affects the human environment. This is particularly relevant at the present time due to the recent outbreak of bird flu. This epidemic demonstrates clearly how easily animal diseases can be contracted by a human. Abstract The transfer of bacteria between species is more common that it at first seems. Over recent years microbiologists have been gathering evidence that suggests that
self esteem and personality factors
Title: A re-investigation into the relationship between personality factors and individuals perceived self esteem beliefs. Abstract: This research investigated the relationship between personality factors and an individuals perceived self esteem beliefs, via quantitative data from a one-way independent MANOVA design. The Interpersonal awareness and social interaction questionnaire measured both variables (see appendix ?). An opportunity sample of 162 participants anonymously participated in the study. A one-way independent MANOVA calculation demonstrated a statistically significant main effect between personality and individual self esteem beliefs and represents a large effect size F(5, 165) = 12.92, p<.001, Wilks' ?= .71, partial ?2 = .293. Introduction: The causes, parallels and consequences of high and low self esteem have been widely studied (Baumeister, 1993; Harter, 1998). Self esteem is associated with an individual's perceived sense of self worth and the value they place upon themselves (Blascovich & Tomaka, 1991). Rosenberg (1965), simplified this as having a favourable or unfavourable attitude towards oneself (Cited in John & MacAarthur, 2004). Personality on the other hand is widely measured via the Five Factor Model (FFM) consisting of five primary sub sections being neuroticism, extroversion, openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness (McCrae &
Briefly describe three models of human development. How well does each account for the development of language?
Language Development Running Head; Human Development and Language Briefly describe three models of human development. How well does each account for the development of language? Student No 10390319 Thames Valley University Word Count 2208 Language Development Briefly describe three models of human development. How well does each account for the development of language? So much of human development involves interaction with others therefore the medium of language whether spoken, written or gestured, plays a central role in our lives. But what is language, how can it be defined and what are its major components? How does a human develop and acquire language. What do three of the main models in Psychology think of language acquisition? In this essay I will briefly discuss the three main models of human development and then will attempt to answer the question of how language is developed and acquired using the views of the main models and their theorists. Models within Developmental Psychology include Nativists, Empiricists, Transactionalists and Interactionists. Nativists can either be pre formationists who argue that you are born with pre set patterns and nothing can change this, or, pre determinists who do not deny the importance of environmental stimuli, but they say language acquisition cannot be accounted for on the basis of environmental factors only. Noam
Assessing different approaches to customer service
Introduction For my Customer Service Unit I will be interviewing two leisure centres, College of St. Mark and St. John and the Mayflower leisure Centre. I have chosen these two centres because they are slightly different and I thought it would be interesting to see how different companies have different customer service. The College of St. Mark and St. John is in Derriford, Plymouth. It covers a very large area and its facilities include a 25 metre indoor heated swimming pool, a fitness suite, two squash courts, a fully equipped gymnasium, three sports halls, each with four badminton courts and a specialist built-in rock-climbing wall, computing facilities, and an outdoor pursuits centre. In addition to extensive playing fields, there is a full size all-weather floodlit pitch for top level hockey and football. A smaller all-weather surface accommodates tennis and provides a good training surface all year round. In addition to this there is a 36m. square sports hall for participation in a variety of sports which is also large enough to accommodate Trade Fairs and other large events; a gymnasium for martial arts, aerobics, 'step' and tone & trim classes; a standard size sports hall available for volleyball, basketball, badminton; 2 squash courts and a Fitness Suite with up to date cardiovascular and weight training equipment. Although this sports centre is within the college,
Discuss the role non-verbal communication (NVC) plays in the operation and effectiveness of verbal communication.
Discuss the role non-verbal communication (NVC) plays in the operation and effectiveness of verbal communication. Everyday interaction depends on a subtle relationship between what we express in words and what we convey through numerous forms of non-verbal communication (Giddens, 2001). Non-verbal communication (NVC) is the body signals that we deliberately or inadvertently make when we are with other people. NVC tends to run in parallel with verbal communication. It can influence another by many means, which may be intentional, or it may be unintentional. "When we communicate with others we not only speak but we also emit non-verbal vocalisations, gestures, facial expressions and gazes. These are closely integrated with words and may amplify or disambiguate them" (Argyle, 1975). Argyle's view shows that NVC is part of verbal communication and is vital to the interpretation of meaning of words. Abercrombie's view supports that of Argyle's. "People speak with the vocal organs but communicate with the whole body" (1968). The three main forms of NVC are body language, paralanguage and appearance. Body language includes eye contact, proximity, gestures and facial expressions. Paralanguage can be non-verbal but vocal, using the voice to modulate words, intonation, voice pitch, tone and volume and 'stressing' of words or a part of a word. Appearance
Doping in sport - a deadly game
Doping in sport - a deadly game Doping in antiquity Doping in sport is not a new phenomenon; athletes have taken performance-enhancing agents since the beginning of time. The legendary Arthurian knights supposedly drank magical potions from the cup of Merlin. Our own Celtic tales describe the use of strengthening potions to aid valour in battle and the druids' use of narcotics is well documented by historians. The berserkers', a class of ancient Norse warriors who fought frenziedly, "berserk" behaviour was attributed to a deliberate diet of wild mushrooms. The Ancient Olympics in Greece were riddled with corruption and doping to the extent that the games had to be dissolved.1 In Ancient Rome, gladiators drank herbal infusions to strengthen them before chariot races and going into battle. Almost two millenia later, the first documented report in the medical literature was published in 1865 in the British Medical Journal, citing expulsion of a swimmer from an Amsterdam canal race, for taking an unnamed performance-enhancing drug.2 The first doping death occurred in 1886 in cycling.1 In the last three decades a number of names have joined the cheaters' hall of fame including Ben Johnson (stanozolol), Diane Modahl (testosterone), Dan Mitchell (testosterone), Lindford Christie (nandrolone), Olga Yegorova (erythropoetin) and Andrea Raducan (pseudoephedrine), to name a few.
Write an essay in up to 2000 words on the following topics, describing the procedures that can be used to isolate proteins from a cell and the methods involved in checking the purity. Using diagrams to help, you should explain fully the principles behind
Write an essay in up to 2000 words on the following topics, describing the procedures that can be used to isolate proteins from a cell and the methods involved in checking the purity. Using diagrams to help, you should explain fully the principles behind each technique. 'Healthcare Associated Infections ' The Procedures are rapidly increasing in today's world as technology enhances isolating protein from Cells is getting easier and much more precise. All cells have a structure and a function; all living organisms have cells with unique structures and functions. There are 2 types of cells, these are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, both of them are enveloped by a membrane which regulates entry and exit of substances through the cell as well as separating the interior to the external environment. Each cell is made up of different components such as organelles such as mitochondria, nucleus, golgi apparatus, rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Cells also contain proteins. The behaviour of the cells is down to the information coded in genes. The complex structures of proteins allow them to have a variety of functions throughout the cell, they act as enzymes and use their binding ability to attach to specific substrates, proteins are important as they can oligmerise to form fibrils and some are integrated into the membrane which act as protein channels, receptors and cell
