Universal Grammar In Second Language Acquisition: The nature of interlanguage representation.
UNIVERSAL GRAMMAR IN SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION: THE NATURE OF INTERLANGUAGE REPRESENTATION* Lydia White McGill University Constraints on representation In this paper, I provide an overview of differing perspectives on the role of Universal Grammar (UG) in second language acquisition (SLA). I will suggest that we must not lose sight of the fact that UG is a theory which provides constraints on linguistic representation. At issue, then, is whether inter-language (IL) representation is constrained by UG. UG is part of an innate biologically endowed language faculty. It places limitations on grammars, constraining their form (the inventory of possible grammatical categories, in the broadest sense, i.e., syntactic, semantic, phonological), as well as how they operate (the computational system, principles that the grammar is subject to). UG includes invariant principles, as well as parameters. While theories like Government- Binding (GB), Minimalism, or Optimality Theory differ as to how precisely they handle concepts like principles and parameters, there is a consensus that certain properties of language are too abstract, subtle and complex to be learned without postulating innate and specifically linguistic constraints. Much of the work on UG in SLA has been conducted within the GB framework. Since then, there have been changes in linguistic theory; some
Technical Analysis of elite male soccer players by position and success
A TECHNICAL ANALYSIS OF ELITE MALE SOCCER PLAYERS BY POSITION AND SUCCESS Contents Page Page Number List of Tables List of Figures Acknowledgements (i) Abstract (ii) CHAPTER I .0 Introduction 1 1.1 Aim of Study 3 1.2 Hypothesis 3 1.3 Assumptions 3 1.4 Limitations 4 1.5 De-Limitations 4 1.6 Definition of Terms 4 CHAPTER II 2.0 Literature Review 5 2.1 Notational Analysis in Football 5 2.2 Factors Determining Success Within Association 7 Football 2.3 Evaluation of Individuals Performance 9 2.4 Use of Match Analysis by Coaches 11 2.5 Individual Roles Within a Team Framework 12 2.6 Relation of Literature to Study 14 2.7 Aims of Study 15 CHAPTER III 3.0 Methodology 16 3.1 Introduction 16 3.2 Equipment 16 3.2.1 Pilot Study 16 3.3 Data 17 3.4 Procedure 17 3.5 Operational Definitions 18 3.6 Data Processing 22 3.7 Validity and Reliability 22 CHAPTER IV 4.0 Results 23 4.1 Reliability 23 4.2 Processed Data 28 4.2.1 Distribution of Techniques According To Positional Role 28 4.2.2 Distribution of Technique Ratings Across Player Position for Selected Performance Variables 32 4.2.2.1 Passing 32 4.2.2.2 Shooting 33 4.2.2.3 Heading 34 4.2.2.4 Crossing 35 4.2.2.5 Tackling
The assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with sexually abusive behavior.
The assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with sexually abusive behavior requires an understanding of normal sexual development. A multiplicity of biological and psychosocial factors determines the child's sexual development, gender role, sexual orientation, patterns of sexual arousal, sexual cognitions, sexual socialization, and the integration of sexual and aggressive patterns of behavior. The individual's sexuality evolves in concert and as a result of interaction with family, ethnic, social, and cultural influences. These parameters summarize what we know about the epidemiology and phenomenology of sexually abusive youths and provide guidelines for the assessment and the selection of treatment interventions for these youths. Essential considerations in the assessment and treatment of sexually abusive youths, as well as the different categories of sexually abusive youths which should be recognized and which influence treatment decisions, are presented. The spectrum of currently available psy chosocial and biological treatments will be summarized. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 1999, 38(12 Supplement):55S--76S. Key Words: juvenile, sex, sexual abuse, sex offender, practice parameters, guidelines, children, adolescents. There is evidence of a significant increase in the reports of juvenile sexual aggression and sexual abuse. Sexual assault is one of
Psychological and Sociological Perspectives On Human Development and Behaviour.
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES ON HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOUR Cherine Docherty - HNC Social Care In my portfolio, I am going to analyse the psychological factors influencing the development and needs to the individual throughout the life cycle and the sociological factors contributing to the understanding of the development of the individual. I am going to base my portfolio into seven different chapters; My first chapter I will analyse the development of the infancy stage, speaking about Freud and Erikson's theories, I will also speak about single parent families, one cause and effect of discrimination, and I will include my own personal experience; My second chapter I will analyse the development of the childhood stage, speaking about Freud and Erikson's theories, I will also speak about the nuclear family in this chapter; My third chapter I will analyse the development of adolescence, speaking about Freud and Erikson's theories; My fourth chapter I will analyse the development of adulthood, speaking about Maslow and Erikson's theories; In my fifth chapter I will analyse the development of the older adult, speaking about Maslow and Erikson's theories, I will also speak about the extended family and one cause and effect of discrimination. Throughout these five chapters I will also include in each one; socialisation, poverty, PICES and I will portray
juvenile conflict with law
[A project work submitted to the faculty of Sociology as a partial fulfillment of B.Sc.LL.B (Hons) course] Submitted to: Submitted by: Dr. Anuradha Parashar Yudhister Meena Faculty of Sociology Roll No. 398 Semester- IV Acknowledgement I take this opportunity to express my gratitude and personal regards to Dr. Anuradha Parashar madam for helping and guiding me during the course of this project work. I also owe my sincere thanks to the library staff of NLU for their cooperation and facilities extended from time to time. I am thankful to my parents for their inspiration they gave me in completing this work sincerely. Also I am thankful to all those people who helped me in preparing this project. Yudhister Meena Roll No. 398 Semester-IV Table Of Content S. No. Particulars Page No. . Introduction 4 2. Juvenile Delinquency - An Introduction 4 3. Extent of the Problem 1 4. Socio - Economic Background Of Juveniles Apprehended 2 5. Causal Factors of Juvenile Delinquency 9 6. History about the enactments
A TECHNICAL COMPARISON OF ELITE MALE SOCCER
A TECHNICAL COMPARISON OF ELITE MALE SOCCER PLAYERS OVER CLUB AND INTERNATIONAL LEVEL PERFORMANCE Contents Page Page Number List of Tables List of Figures Abstract CHAPTER I .0 Introduction 1 1.1 Aim of Study 3 1.2 Hypothesis 3 1.3 Assumptions 3 1.4 Limitations 3 1.5 De-Limitations 4 1.6 Definition of Terms 4 CHAPTER II 2.0 Literature Review 5 2.1 Notational Analysis in Football 5 2.2 Factors Determining Success in 7 Football 2.3 Evaluation of Individuals Performance 9 2.4 Positional Demands in Football 10 2.5 Use of Match Analysis by Coaches 12 2.6 Relation of Literature to Study 13 2.7 Aims of Study CHAPTER III 3.0 Methodology 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Equipment 3.21 Hardware 3.22 Software 3.221 Pilot Study 3.222 Final System 3.223 Operational Differences 3.224 Reliability Study 3.3 Data Population 3.4 Procedure 3.5 Data Processing CHAPTER IV 4.0 Results 4.1 Reliability 4.2 Processed Data 4.21 Player Action Distribution 4.22 Comparison of the Mean Quality Rating of Techniques for Selected Variables 4.23 Distribution of Technique Rating Across Selected Performance Variables 4.24 Mean Behaviour Rating and Frequency for First and Last 15 Minutes of Matches 4.25 Mean Player Rating
Self-Report Measurement of Adult Attachment: An Integrative Overview.
Self-Report Measurement of Adult Attachment: An Integrative Overview Kelly A. Brennan State University of New York at Stony Brook Catherine L. Clark Western Consortium for Public Health Phillip R. Shaver University of California, Davis In J. A. Simpson & W. S. Rholes (1998) (Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationships (pp. 46-76). New York: Guilford Press. Address correspondence to the first author at the Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Brockport, Brockport, NY 14420. Electronic mail inquiries may be directed to [email protected]. Self-Report Measurement of Adult Attachment: An Integrative Overview Ever since Hazan and Shaver (1987) showed that it is possible to use a self-report questionnaire to measure adolescent and adult romantic-attachment orientations (secure, anxious, and avoidant--the three patterns identified by Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters, and Wall, 1978, in their studies of infant-caregiver attachment), a steady stream of variants and extensions of their questionnaire have been proposed. The resulting diversity often arouses frustration and confusion in newcomers to the field who wonder which of the many measures to use. The three of us are probably typical of attachment researchers in receiving as many as five telephone calls, letters, and e-mail messages a week from researchers who want to know either "Has anything
proteins in mammalian PC12
The behaviour of long polyglutamine-containing proteins in mammalian PC12 cells Project report in partial fulfilment for the degree of MSc in Neuroscience August 2008 Janahi Visakan Supervised by Dr Angela Hodges Department Of Neuroscience Institute of Psychiatry King's College London University Of London The behaviour of long polyglutamine-containing proteins in mammalian PC12 cells Abstract Huntington's disease is an autosomal dominant, inherited neurodegenerative disorder induced by a glutamine expansion repeat at the N-terminal end of the huintingtin protein. These N-terminal fragments of huntingtin aggregate in the nucleus and destroy cells. This genetic disorder is accompanied by motor, cognitive, personality changes and psychiatric symptoms. If the number of glutamine residues increase to more than 37, then this induces an adult, onset gradual progressive neurodegeneration known as HD.The genome of D.discoideum, a social amoeba consists of polyglutamine fragments longer than 40 residues. These long polyglutamine fragments do not confer any toxic effects .In addition the genome sequencing of D.discoideum has demonstrated that this organism is able to withstand a large number of proteins containing long polyglutamine stretches. A synthetically generated CAAX repeat construct was clone d into a mammalian expression vector using the gateway system (Invitrogen) to
Sport industry.The sport industry is important to many people whop work in it and those people who use the products and the services it offers. There are three main sectors of sports which are
COLLABORATION AND COMPETITION. Sport has important benefits for individuals and the country. The sport industry is important to many people whop work in it and those people who use the products and the services it offers. There are three main sectors of sports which are: * The public sector- organisations which the government put the money into the business to keep it running, For example: Herring Thorpe leisure centre. The aims for the public sector are that they provide sports for people in local areas for a reasonable price and are not the best quality of facility. This sector isn't really built for making a profit; it is mainly for the local people to participate in sport and to keep them fit and healthy. The organisation of the public sector is good but if there is not enou money being made then they can close it down or close just the main attraction down which could be things like a swimming pool or a sports hall if a shortage of money. The people who participate in this sector are the local people who have a good interest in sport and want to keep fit and healthy. The public sectors funding isn't to make a profit it is just to provide sports for the local people and for them to keep fit. * The private sector- an organisation which aims to make a profit from the business for themselves and other people. These are private clubs which provide facilities for members.
DNA Fingerprinting: A review of the criticisms of DNA evidence. Is it really the absolute identification evidence?
LONDON SOUTHBANK UNIVERSITY Theodore Ninopoulos - Student No. 2151002 LLB Law -Year 3 - Full Time Dissertation May 2004 Supervisor: Mrs. Kathy Stylianou Word count: 9800 Title: "DNA Fingerprinting: A review of the criticisms of DNA evidence. Is it really the absolute identification evidence? TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction.................................................................................page 2 PART 1 "From the Crime Scene to the Forensic Lab" .1 Collection of DNA evidence.....................................................page 4 .2 Technical Analysis................................................................page 9 .3 Estimation of Match Probability................................................page 14 PART 2 "Retention of DNA Evidence" 2.1 The Development of Law......................................................page 17 2.2 Retention of DNA profile and Civil Liberties...............................page 21 PART 3 "Presentation of DNA evidence in Court" 3.1 DNA Fingerprint or Profile?...................................................................page 25 3.2 The controversy of Bayes Theorem...........................................page 27 3.3 The Prosecutors Fallacy.........................................................page 32 Conclusion................................................................................ page 36
