Self -Catering- it can be a house, apartment, caravan or similar accommodation, where people need to make they own food.
Campus Accommodation- this type of accommodation is provided by university or colleges for their students.
Hostel- this type of accommodation is usually used by young travelers whit less money to spare. They usually share rooms, bathrooms and facilities.
Camping Park- it is a park provided for camping only.
Motels- is a type of accommodation located close to the motorways usually with restaurant.
Guests house- a guest house normally has at least four letting bedrooms. It is usually run as a commercial business.
Inbound
A businessmen from Italy came to London for two day and is staying at the Hilton hotel in centre London.
Outbound
Couple from London goes to Brazil for week and they will stay in Blue Tree Mllenium Porto Alegre.
Domestic
Family with two young children goes to Warsaw for two weeks and stays at the Jan III Sobieski Hotel
Transport
Transport is one of the most important components which people need to rich the destination. Having good transport networks is necessary for successful travel and tourism industry. transportation can be divided into:
Air- scheduled services
Road- cars, bus, coach
Rail- underground, inter city routs
Sea- ferries, cruise ships
Inbounds
Family from Lisbon decide to came to London by they own car. To get to London they will also need to take ferry- boat from France to Dover.
Outbound
Every time when I go visit my country I use LOT Polish Airline to get there.
Domestic
My aunty use the London underground every day to get to the work place.
Attraction
Attraction is one of the reason why people travel. There is huge range of different attractions from natural attraction such as seaside, countryside or beautiful scenery to man-made attractions like theme parks. Theme parks is a example of purpose build attraction which provide facilities for all types of customers. Natural attractions are part of the environment such as mountains, forest and lakes.
Inbound
Groups of students coming to Thorpe Park in England to enjoy the rids.
Outbound
A family from Manchester goes to France to have fun in Disneyland.
Domestic
Elderly people from Cardiff go to Rotherfield countryside to relax in beautiful and quite place.
Travel agents
Travel agents sells holiday and other travel product and services to huge range of customers. Customers can very easily book the holiday online or by phone. As most of the people book their holidays online some of the travel agencies had to close their business because theirs income wasn’t big enough to run the business. Travel agencies can be divided into two categories such as independently owned or multiples.
Thomas Cook, First Choice, Thompson and Going places are good example of the multiples travel agencies.
Tour operator
A tour operator design and puts together package holiday for sale to clients. Those product and services are sold through travel agencies or directly to the customers through websites. As tour operators have to put the package together, it need to work to together with the services of airline, accommodation providers, and the transport organisations.
There are four types of tour operators
- Incoming Tour Operator
- Domestic operators
- Specialist operators
- Mass-market operators
Specialist operators- those operators are less known than the mass market operators and they specialising in holidays of particular type or to particular destination.
Mass-market operators- those operators sell high value of holidays and other services, this include few of the best known companies such as Thomas Cook, Thomson, First Choice Holiday and My Travel. Those operators provide package holidays and flights.
Domestic operators- the domestic tour operators provide services and products for people who would like to stay and holiday in their own country. There are number of UK operators that put together tour for the home market such as WA Shearing and National Holidays.
Incoming operators- the incoming operators provide holidays and other travel products for overseas visitors who want to book their travel and accommodation within the UK.
Tourism development and promotion
Tourism development refers to the activities associated with providing facilities for tourists in a destination. Tourism promotion is concerned with publicising destination to visitors so that they will visit the destination, spend some money and go away happy and satisfy. In most case tourism development and promotion are coordinated by public sector bodies such as local council or tourist boards.
Trade associations and regulatory bodies
Trade associations are set up to represent the interest of companies operating in particular industry sectors and to make sure that the voice of their sector is heard. Many trade associations draw up codes of conduct which lay down the minimum standards under which member companies are expected to conduct their everyday business with suppliers and clients. The key trade associations in the travel and tourism are ABTA, AITO, BHA, CPT and FTO. They provide support and advices for their members and lobby central and European governments to get a better for their members companies on things like taxation, regulations and funding.
Describe the ways components of travel and tourism interrelate with examples.
Different types of companies interrelate with others businesses to increase theirs profit, be successful in their business and also meet their customers needs and expectations.
For example tour operator work together with travel agencies. Tour operator create the packing holidays and travel agencies is advertising and selling those holidays to the customers.
Tour operator also make contracts with transport, accommodations and attractions when assembling their holidays. Tour operator interrelate with those components as to create package holiday he needs to provide transport which allowed travelers get to the destinations they will like to, accommodation as travelers need to have a place to stay and also attractions which travelers can enjoy during holidays.
Accommodation and attractions also interrelate with tourist development and promotion as tourist development and promotion develop and promote their products and services to the public. Without it those component want be know very well and used by tourists.
The components in public, private and voluntary sector also interrelate with each others such as
Family who would like to go on holiday to Scotland will book their holiday with First Choice which is the private sector as soon they reach the destination they need place to stay such as hotel or guest house which is also a private sector. During they staying in Scotland they will visit different places, they may like to go visit Landisfarne Castle which is the voluntary sector.
Some organisations work together with others, even when they are from different sectors such as tour operators, travel agencies or hotel owner from private sector interrelate with tourist boards which is from public sector.
Those organisations interrelate to produce and promote travel products and services. Also some organisations are independent of other such as visitor attractions including local heritage
Chain of Distribution
Chain of distribution show the way, product such as for example holidays are distributed from producer to customers, often via wholesalers and retailers.
PRINCIPALS
That is Hotel, Airlines,
other Transport companies
WHOLESALERS
Tour Operators
RETAILERS
Travel Agencies
CUSTOMERS
Types of Integration
Integration in the travel and tourism industry occurs when one company owns or controls more then one part of distribution process.
There are two types of integration
- Horizontal Integration
- Vertical Integration
Horizontal Integration is when the organisation owns two or more companies on the same level of the distribution chain.
e.g. First Choice Holidays owns a number of tour operating brands like First Choice Holiday or Sovereign
Vertical Integration is when the company integrate at the different levels of the distribution chain.
E.g. tour operator work with airline such as First Choice as it is a tour operator which also has an airline named First Choice Airways.
AIRLINE
First Choice
TOUR OPERATOR
First Choice Holiday
TRAVEL AGENCY
First Choice Travel Shops
Travel Infrastructure- travel infrastructure is the networks of the links between motorways, airports, sea ports and railway stations which transport the passengers to a destinations.
London Underground Map
Motorway map