What are the critical differences between content and process theories in motivation
What are the critical differences between content and process theories in motivation What is the meaning of motivation? Basically, motivation means that people do what they want to do. In general term, it can be described as the direction and persistence of action in preference to others, and they continue with a chosen action, often over a long period, and in face of different problem. Nowadays, motivation is treated as more and more important factor for organisation and individual self; especially the motivation theories are used in working position. For example, managers want employees to work harder and harder, more efficiency, to make high performance for organisation. From managers' view, it is good intention to let employees work more, in order to achieve this, all of the managers will motivate their employees, however, this part is hard to handle. Although there are many competing theories which attempt to explain the nature of motivation, and those theories are all at least particularly true to explain the behaviour of certain people in certain time, still there is no ready-made solution or single answer to what motivate people to work well. After all, there are various theories for manager to use, maybe it is very difficulty to choose single one or two. Hence, these various theories can be concluded to two broad branches: the content theories of motivation,
project report
Project Report Contents ) Summary/Abstract 2) Acknowledgements and Terms of Reference 3) Introduction 4) Methods of Investigation 5) Body of the Report 6) Conclusions 7) Recommendations 8) Appendixes: * Appendix A: Pre event questionnaire/evaluation * Appendix B: Post event questionnaire/evaluation * Appendix C: Session Plan (learning event) * Appendix D: Example of RPA training design document 9) References Summary/Abstract Background- This report looks at official correspondence which are replies we do on behalf of members of parliament This report also touches on some issues about the template letters the RPA use. This report goes into detail about the solutions designed to resolve the issues that came from the staff satisfaction survey writing process such as template letters and official correspondence on behalf of M.P's etc. T Results- The results of designing a solution for official correspondence was that there were a variety of options that could have been pursued most were too intensive in the way that the WCW's (Whole Case Workers) don't get official correspondence on a regular basis and therefore the corporate line, style or language may have changed. A few of the options were high in cost and therefore we discounted in this instance. The general subject of official correspondence meant that although part of the e-mail and letter writing
Models of Human Resource Management: A Critical Review of Their Impact on Organizational Effectiveness
Models of Human Resource Management: A Critical Review of Their Impact on Organizational Effectiveness Abstract: The study is undertaken to assess the major features of the diversified human resource management (HRM) models comprising diagnostic approach, training and development approach and international models and focus in the practical implementation on organizational effectiveness. The study follows mainly textual information to arrive at specific conclusion. Of the 3 Models in HRM, the international Human Resource Management model has the highest coverage in global perspective due to international growth strategies, degree of decentralization, firm's size and need for expatriate compensation etc. Objectives The main objective of the study is to make a comparative analysis of the major characteristics of the different human resource management models like diagnostic approach, training and developments approach and international HRM models and assess their impact on organizational effectiveness. Methodology The study is theoretical in nature based on extensive desk study followed by wide review of relevant research studies done earlier and textual knowledge available in different books and journals. The following analyses have been done: a) Nature of human resource management activities b) Detailed phases of diagnostic approach of HRM comprising human
how does psychology take into account individual differences in the workplace
The Psychology of the Workplace "Using what you have learnt since starting this module, illustrate how psychology takes into account individual differences at the workplace. You will need to make references to academic research and evidence." Introduction Individual differences is the study in the area of work psychology which has come under major research; It can be defined as the studying the Cognitive, motivation, personality, and traits that make humans differ from one another. (Psych, 2004) In relation to work psychology is it thought that the behaviour of an individual can predict performance in the workplace; affecting many things such as motivation, commitment and job performance. The reason why many organisations are interested in the individual differences of employees they hire at the recruitment and selection stage, in order for the best participants to be selected. Therefore needs to a means of testing everybody fairly. Some organisations use psychometric testing, IQ testing to determine this. For example in a recent article (Lipsett, A. 2007). Graduates are being hired on the basis of their psychometric tests with "92% of employers considering it a useful or very useful aid to the recruitment process."(According to the Association of Graduate Recruiters).The aim of the test is to detect and array of abilities involving intelligence, personality and interests.
The Functions of ManagementWhenever people, resources or events are brought together for a common goal, management plays
The Functions of Management Matthew Bates Management: Theory, Practice, Application Bonita Williams Dec. 31, 2005 The Functions of Management Whenever people, resources or events are brought together for a common goal, management plays an important role. However, within the arena of management there are four separate functions - planning, organizing, leading and controlling - that must each be incorporated if a goal is to be reached both effectively and efficiently. Whether deciding on an advertising campaign for a new product, implementing a new corporate strategy or simply holding a company picnic, people, individually or as a team, must correctly balance these four management functions to successfully accomplish the desired mission. Before one can use the four management functions, an understanding of what they are must first be achieved. Below is a look at each of these functions and how they relate to management. The first of these functions, planning, can be described as "specifying the goals to be achieved and deciding in advance the appropriate actions needed to achieve those goals" (Bateman & Snell, 2004, p. 16). This can include developing action plans for the future or determining what objectives a company wants to accomplish during any given year, month or day. Planning is an important step, as it sets the stage for action and any future major
Explore and assess the problem of motivation within the Business System Support Branch (BSSB) of Environment Canada.
Introduction This paper is intended to explore and assess the problem of motivation within the Business System Support Branch (BSSB) of Environment Canada. We will exam the reasons for this lack of motivation, compare relevant industry theories concerning the issue of motivation, and make recommendations to aide in resolution of these issues. This paper will provide guidelines and recommendation based on proven research into the causes of motivation, communication, and leadership problems in an attempt to resolve the issues facing both the managers and employees of BSSB. Background The Business System Support Branch (BSSB) of Environment Canada is in part an amalgamation of dispersed Information Technology personnel from both government agencies and proven industry consultants. The core business function of BSSB is to provide software support, development, and maintenance to all regional and national Environment Canada branches. The BSSB is responsible for creating and maintaining most of the information technology applications within Environment Canada, while keeping with the departmental mandates in terms of preservation and enhancement of the quality of the natural environment. The BSSB group is divided into 3 separate business lines; MERLIN, for Oracle financials, HRMIS for Human Resources, and ADAM, for application development and maintenance. Each business line is
'In what ways, and to what extent do males and females have different experiences in the labour market?'
Stephen Watt Communications and Information Technology Assessed Project Part 3 - SPSS Report Word count 1652 Introduction 'In what ways, and to what extent do males and females have different experiences in the labour market?' This report will look at the findings of the 'SPSS' project and try to think why these results may be so. The bullet points of this report will be covered in the 'PowerPoint' document: - spssproject-presentation-StephenWatt.doc How the results were obtained In the spss syntax window the file 'p:\coursework\citass\project\spssdata.sav' was obtained by using the command 'get file'. The 'freq vars' command was used for the category 'male' to observe the distribution of males to females. This was carried out to check that the survey was not biased by being completed mainly by only males or only females. There was a 52% female to 48% male split so it was quite even. Using the 'temporary' command temporary changes could be made to the data set by using the 'select if' command. These commands used in conjunction restrict the data set for the next command only then it reverts back to the way it was. Through the 'temporary' and 'select if' commands when status equals 1, the data set was restricted to only self-employed respondents. Then with the 'freq vars' command the number of self-employed females and self-employed males were extracted. At
Review all activities from the Public Relations Department (the "Department") for the current FY (Fiscal Year), give a brief status report of the Department, and give projections and goals for FY 2004-2005.
Introduction Purpose The purpose for this extended Fiscal Year ("FY") Annual Report is to review all activities from the Public Relations Department (the "Department") for the current FY, give a brief status report of the Department, and give projections and goals for FY 2004-2005. Scope This report includes the changes that have occurred in the Department during the 2003-2004 FY, the current salary structure within the Department, as well as the total budget for the Department. Then, the report documents the goals for FY 2003-2004 and how they were met and the projects completed for the FY. Finally, the report includes the projections for the Department and lists the projects currently in the books for FY 2004-2005. Assumptions In completing this report the following assumptions were made: - MacGregor Corporation products will continue to sell at a profitable margin. - The advertising budget for MacGregor Corporation will increase for FY 2004-2005. - The MacGregor Corporation will continue to increase partnerships with complementary events and companies. Background Public Relations Department Status Report The most significant changes in the Department for FY 2003-2004 have occurred in Human Resources. Three members of the Department have resigned over the course of the FY. The positions vacated in the Department were Project Manager, Administrative Assistant
Transformational Leadership. Transformational leadership involves the provision of leader influence on subordinates, but the effect of this influence is the empowerment of subordinates, who are also leaders in the transformation of the organization. Wit
Transformational Leadership [Name and Last name] [University title] Table of Contents . Introduction 2. Theoretical Approaches to the Study of Leadership a. Transformational versus Transactional Leadership b. Leadership Styles c. Contemporary Approaches to Understanding of Leadership 3. Conclusion There are three main approaches the study of leadership: theory of personality traits, behavioral approach and situational approach. Since 1920, the followers of the theory of personal qualities were trying to find out what characteristics of a person to provide leadership. Developing this idea, researchers believed that if these "special" qualities were to be identified, people could learn to "educate" a leader. The theory is based on the features of the German psychologist late XIX - early XX century and focuses on the innate qualities of leadership. In the framework of the features, the concept of transformational and charismatic leadership has been developed (Storey, 2004). Transformational leadership is the process of achieving significant changes in attitudes and representations of members of the organization and the formation of the commitment of significant changes in the goals and strategies of the organization (Anagnoste et. al., 2010). Transformational leadership involves the provision of leader influence on subordinates, but the effect of this influence
Financing an acquisition and/or merger
INTRODUCTION One of the issues presented in the Lester Electronic scenario is that while LEI is preparing to begin a joint venture with Shang-wa, they need to determine a suitable method in financing their merger. To begin their financial planning, LEI must establish guidelines for change in the firm (Ross, 2005). These guidelines should include an identification of the firm's financial goals, an analysis of the differences between these goals and the current financial status of the firm, and a statement of the actions needed for the firm to achieve its financial goals (Ross, 2005). Working capital measures how much in liquid assets a company has available to build its business. Companies that have a great deal of working capital will be more successful in expanding and improving their operations. In order for LEI and Shang-wa to have a successful merger, LEI should work towards reducing working capital. By finding ways to do this, LEI will increase the amount of free cash flow for the company and increase their working capital giving them the ability to fund future projects or small investments. There are many ways to finance a buyout or merger of a company. This paper will compare and contrast issues that various companies had experienced in financing a merger and/or acquisition. COMPANY BENCHMARKING DETERMINE THE WEIGHTED AVERAGE COST OF CAPITAL FedEx FedEx is a