- Issue Demand Drafts online
- Transfer funds to own and third party accounts
- Credit beneficiary accounts using the VISA Money Transfer, RTGS/NEFT feature
- Generate account statements
- Setup Standing Instructions
- Configure profile settings
- Use eTax for online tax payment
- Use ePay for automatic bill payments
- Interface with merchants for railway and airline reservations
- Avail DEMAT and IPO services
The OnlineSBI corporate banking application provides features to administer and manage corporate accounts online. The corporate module provides roles such as Regulator, Admin, Uploader, Transaction Maker, Authorizer, and Auditor. These roles have access to the following functions:
- Manage users, define rights and transaction rules on corporate accounts
- Access accounts in several branches with a single sign-on mechanism
- Upload files to make bulk transactions to third parties, supplier, vendor and tax collection authorities.
- Use online transactional features such as fund transfer to own accounts, third party payments (both Inter and Intra bank), and draft issues
- Make bill payments over the Internet.
- Authorize, modify, reschedule and cancel transactions, based on rights assigned to the user
- Generate account statement
- Enquire on transaction details or current balance
In addition to the above the Internet banking application also provides the following value added services:
- Tax payments to central and state governments through site to site integration.
- Supply Chain Finance( e-VFS- Electronic Vendor Finance Scheme)
- Direct Debit Facility
- E Collection Facilities for:
- Core Banking Transactions
- Inter Bank Transactions for incoming RTGS/NEFT Transactions
- Internet Banking Transactions for SBI & Associate Banks
- Direct Debit facility where suppliers can directly debit their customer’s account through Internet Banking
Overview
ICICI Bank is India's second-largest bank with total assets of Rs. 3,793.01 billion (US$ 75 billion) at March 31, 2009 and profit after tax Rs. 37.58 billion for the year ended March 31, 2009. The Bank has a network of 1,442 branches and about 4,721 ATMs in India and presence in 18 countries. ICICI Bank offers a wide range of banking products and financial services to corporate and retail customers through a variety of delivery channels and through its specialised subsidiaries and affiliates in the areas of investment banking, life and non-life insurance, venture capital and asset management. The Bank currently has subsidiaries in the United Kingdom, Russia and Canada, branches in United States, Singapore, Bahrain, Hong Kong, Sri Lanka, Qatar and Dubai International Finance Centre and representative offices in United Arab Emirates, China, South Africa, Bangladesh, Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia. Our UK subsidiary has established branches in Belgium and Germany.
ICICI Bank's equity shares are listed in India on Bombay Stock Exchange and the National Stock Exchange of India Limited and its American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE).
History
ICICI Bank was originally promoted in 1994 by ICICI Limited, an Indian financial institution, and was its wholly-owned subsidiary. ICICI's shareholding in ICICI Bank was reduced to 46% through a public offering of shares in India in fiscal 1998, an equity offering in the form of ADRs listed on the NYSE in fiscal 2000, ICICI Bank's acquisition of Bank of Madura Limited in an all-stock amalgamation in fiscal 2001, and secondary market sales by ICICI to institutional investors in fiscal 2001 and fiscal 2002. ICICI was formed in 1955 at the initiative of the World Bank, the Government of India and representatives of Indian industry. The principal objective was to create a development financial institution for providing medium-term and long-term project financing to Indian businesses. In the 1990s, ICICI transformed its business from a development financial institution offering only project finance to a diversified financial services group offering a wide variety of products and services, both directly and through a number of subsidiaries and affiliates like ICICI Bank. In 1999, ICICI become the first Indian company and the first bank or financial institution from non-Japan Asia to be listed on the NYSE.
After consideration of various corporate structuring alternatives in the context of the emerging competitive scenario in the Indian banking industry, and the move towards universal banking, the managements of ICICI and ICICI Bank formed the view that the merger of ICICI with ICICI Bank would be the optimal strategic alternative for both entities, and would create the optimal legal structure for the ICICI group's universal banking strategy. The merger would enhance value for ICICI shareholders through the merged entity's access to low-cost deposits, greater opportunities for earning fee-based income and the ability to participate in the payments system and provide transaction-banking services. The merger would enhance value for ICICI Bank shareholders through a large capital base and scale of operations, seamless access to ICICI's strong corporate relationships built up over five decades, entry into new business segments, higher market share in various business segments, particularly fee-based services, and access to the vast talent pool of ICICI and its subsidiaries. In October 2001, the Boards of Directors of ICICI and ICICI Bank approved the merger of ICICI and two of its wholly-owned retail finance subsidiaries, ICICI Personal Financial Services Limited and ICICI Capital Services Limited, with ICICI Bank. The merger was approved by shareholders of ICICI and ICICI Bank in January 2002, by the High Court of Gujarat at Ahmedabad in March 2002, and by the High Court of Judicature at Mumbai and the Reserve Bank of India in April 2002. Consequent to the merger, the ICICI group's financing and banking operations, both wholesale and retail, have been integrated in a single entity.
Board Members
HDFC BANK
PROMOTER
HDFC is India's premier housing finance company and enjoys an impeccable track record in India as well as in international markets. Since its inception in 1977, the Corporation has maintained a consistent and healthy growth in its operations to remain the market leader in mortgages. Its outstanding loan portfolio covers well over a million dwelling units. HDFC has developed significant expertise in retail mortgage loans to different market segments and also has a large corporate client base for its housing related credit facilities. With its experience in the financial markets, a strong market reputation, large shareholder base and unique consumer franchise, HDFC was ideally positioned to promote a bank in the Indian environment.
BUSINESS FOCUS
HDFC Bank's mission is to be a World-Class Indian Bank. The objective is to build sound customer franchises across distinct businesses so as to be the preferred provider of banking services for target retail and wholesale customer segments, and to achieve healthy growth in profitability, consistent with the bank's risk appetite. The bank is committed to maintain the highest level of ethical standards, professional integrity, corporate governance and regulatory compliance. HDFC Bank's business philosophy is based on four core values - Operational Excellence, Customer Focus, Product Leadership and People.
CAPITAL STRUCTURE
As on 31st March, 2009 the authorised share capital of HDFC Bank is Rs. 550 crore. The paid-up capital as on the said date is Rs. 425,38,41,090/- ( 42,53,84,109 equity shares of Rs 10/- each). The HDFC Group holds 19.38% of the Bank's equity and about 17.70 % of the equity is held by the ADS Depository (in respect of the bank's American Depository Shares (ADS) Issue). 27.69 % of the equity is held by Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) and the Bank has about 5,48,774 shareholders.
The shares are listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange Limited and The National Stock Exchange of India Limited. The Bank's American Depository Shares ( ADS ) are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the symbol 'HDB' and the Bank's Global Depository Receipts (GDRs) are listed on Luxembourg Stock Exchange under ISIN No US40415F2002.
CBoP & Times Bank Amalgamation
On May 23, 2008, the amalgamation of Centurion Bank of Punjab with HDFC Bank was formally approved by Reserve Bank of India to complete the statutory and regulatory approval process. As per the scheme of amalgamation, shareholders of CBoP received 1 share of HDFC Bank for every 29 shares of CBoP.
The merged entity will have a strong deposit base of around Rs. 1,22,000 crore and net advances of around Rs. 89,000 crore. The balance sheet size of the combined entity would be over Rs. 1,63,000 crore. The amalgamation added significant value to HDFC Bank in terms of increased branch network, geographic reach, and customer base, and a bigger pool of skilled manpower.
In a milestone transaction in the Indian banking industry, Times Bank Limited (another new private sector bank promoted by Bennett, Coleman & Co. / Times Group) was merged with HDFC Bank Ltd., effective February 26, 2000. This was the first merger of two private banks in the New Generation Private Sector Banks. As per the scheme of amalgamation approved by the shareholders of both banks and the Reserve Bank of India, shareholders of Times Bank received 1 share of HDFC Bank for every 5.75 shares of Times Bank.
DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
HDFC Bank is headquartered in Mumbai. The Bank at present has an enviable network of over 1412 branches spread over 528 cities across India. All branches are linked on an online real-time basis. Customers in over 120 locations are also serviced through Telephone Banking. The Bank's expansion plans take into account the need to have a presence in all major industrial and commercial centres where its corporate customers are located as well as the need to build a strong retail customer base for both deposits and loan products. Being a clearing/settlement bank to various leading stock exchanges, the Bank has branches in the centres where the NSE/BSE have a strong and active member base.
The Bank also has a network of about over 3275 networked ATMs across these cities. Moreover, HDFC Bank's ATM network can be accessed by all domestic and international Visa/MasterCard, Visa Electron/Maestro, Plus/Cirrus and American Express Credit/Charge cardholders.
MANAGEMENT
Mr. Jagdish Capoor took over as the bank's Chairman in July 2001. Prior to this, Mr. Capoor was a Deputy Governor of the Reserve Bank of India.
The Managing Director, Mr. Aditya Puri, has been a professional banker for over 25 years, and before joining HDFC Bank in 1994 was heading Citibank's operations in Malaysia.
The Bank's Board of Directors is composed of eminent individuals with a wealth of experience in public policy, administration, industry and commercial banking. Senior executives representing HDFC are also on the Board.
Senior banking professionals with substantial experience in India and abroad head various businesses and functions and report to the Managing Director. Given the professional expertise of the management team and the overall focus on recruiting and retaining the best talent in the industry, the bank believes that its people are a significant competitive strength.
TECHNOLOGY
HDFC Bank operates in a highly automated environment in terms of information technology and communication systems. All the bank's branches have online connectivity, which enables the bank to offer speedy funds transfer facilities to its customers. Multi-branch access is also provided to retail customers through the branch network and Automated Teller Machines (ATMs).
The Bank has made substantial efforts and investments in acquiring the best technology available internationally, to build the infrastructure for a world class bank. The Bank's business is supported by scalable and robust systems which ensure that our clients always get the finest services we offer.
The Bank has prioritised its engagement in technology and the internet as one of its key goals and has already made significant progress in web-enabling its core businesses. In each of its businesses, the Bank has succeeded in leveraging its market position, expertise and technology to create a competitive advantage and build market share.
BUSINESSES
HDFC Bank offers a wide range of commercial and transactional banking services and treasury products to wholesale and retail customers. The bank has three key business segments:
RATINGS
AWARDS
E-BANKING
STATE BANK OF INDIA
E-Ticketing
You can book your railway, air and bus tickets online through OnlineSBI.
To book your train ticket, just log on to irctc.co.in and create an ID thereat if you do not have one. Submit your travel plan and book the ticket(s)-either
- i-ticket (where the delivery of tickets will be made at your address) or
- e-tickets (wherein after successful payment transactions, an e-ticket is generated which can be printed any time. For an e-ticket, the details of photo identity card will required to be filled in)
and select State Bank of India in the payment options. You will be redirected to Internet Banking site of SBI (). After submitting the respective ID and password, you can select your account. After a successful debit, Railways will generate the ticket. E-ticket can be printed by you whereas the i-ticket will be dispatched by IRCTC at the given address. Service charges @ Rs.10/- per transaction shall be levied in addition to the cost of the ticket. Cancellation of E-ticket can be done by logging on to IRCTC's site; refund amount will be credited to your account directly within 2-3 days. For cancellation of i-ticket, you shall be required to submit your ticket at a computerized counter of Railways and on cancellation, the amount shall be credited back to your account.
You can also book your Air ticket through the e-ticketing feature. Logon to Indian Airlines website to make a payment for an e-ticket through State Bank of India, you need to select SBI as the payment option. The payment request will be redirected to Internet Banking site. The request may be processed based on values sent from the airlines website. Once a transaction is processed, an appropriate response will be sent to airlines site to update the status of the transaction. You can print the E-ticket immediately.
To book bus tickets to destinations in Karnataka, log on to the KSRTC website. Provide details about the start and end points of your journey, date of journey and number of tickets. Verify availability of seats on the selected date and confirm the transaction. Select OnlineSBI to make the payment. Provide your credentials and select the SBI account that will be debited for the payment. You are provided a KSRTC reference number for your e-Ticket.
SBI E-Tax
You can pay your taxes online through SBI E-Tax. This facility enables you to pay TDS, Income tax, Indirect tax, Corporation tax, Wealth tax, Estate Duty and Fringe Benefits tax. Click the e-Tax link in the home page. You are displayed a page with two links Direct Tax and Indirect Tax.
Click the Direct Tax link. You will be redirected to the NSDL site where you can select an online challan based on the tax you wish to pay. Provide the PAN, name and address, assessment year, nature of payment and bank name. On selecting the bank name as SBI and submitting the form, you will be redirected to the Internet Banking site. After submitting the respective ID and password, you can select your account for making payment of taxes. After payment is successful you can print the E-Receipt for the payment. The E-receipt can be printed at a later date also and the same can be retrieved from: Enquiries > Find Transactions > Status Enquiries > Click on the respective transaction to print the tax receipt.
The Indirect Tax link is used to make Central Excise and Service Tax payments to Central Board of Excise and Customs. The online payment feature facilitates anytime, anywhere payment and an instant E-Receipt is generated once the transaction is complete. The Indirect Tax payment facility is available to Registered Central Excise/Service Tax Assessee who possesses the 15 digit PAN based Assessee Code. You can make CBEC payments using the Indirect Taxes link available in the Payments/Transfers tab. You need to provide your assessee code as registered with CBEC and select the minor heads towards which you intend to pay tax. Select the appropriate tax type and enter the tax amount. Select an account for debiting the total tax amount. You can use any of your transaction accounts to make the payment. If a payment is successful, CBEC provides a link to generate an E-Receipt for the payment.
Internet banking customers can pay tax through site to site integration. For government agencies, which are not Internet-enabled, OnlineSBI offers the Government Tax Payment facility. This facility is available as a post login feature in the retail and corporate banking sites of the Online SBI portal.
Bill Payment
A simple and convenient service for viewing and paying your bills online.
- No more late payments
- No more queues
- No more hassles of depositing cheques
Using the bill payment you can 'view and Pay Various bills online, directly from your SBI account. You can pay telephone,electricity, insurance,credit cards and other bills from the comfort of your house or office, 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. Simply logon to with your credentials and register the biller to which you want to pay, with all the bill details. Once the bill is uploaded by the biller, you can make payment online.You can see 'how do i' to learn the steps for using the facility.
You can also set up AutoPay instructions with an upper limit to ensure that your bills are paid automatically whenever they are due. The upper limit ensures that only bills within the specified limit are paid automatically, thereby providing you complete control over these payments.
The e-PAY service is available in various cities across the country and you can now make payments to several billers in your region.
E-Payment
You can pay your insurance premium, mobile phone bills and also you can purchase mutual fund units by coming from the biller's website and selecting state bank of India in the payment option.
LIC PREMIUM: For paying premium of LIC policy logon to and register your policy details. When the premium is due select State Bank of India in the make payment option.
SBI Mutual FUND: You can invest in the SBI Mutual Fund schemes online. Logon to and select the scheme in which you want to make investment in the payment option select State Bank of India.
CCAVENUES: Enjoy shopping at the CCAvenue Shopping Mall and purchase from a wide variety of products and services through CCAvenue Certified Vendors. Make payments for your purchases using your Internet enabled SBI accounts.
Fund Transfer
The Funds Transfer facility enables you to transfer funds within your accounts in the same branch or other branches. You can transfer aggregating Rs.5 lakhs per day to own accounts in the same branch and other branches. To make a funds transfer, you should be an active Internet Banking user with transaction rights. Funds transfer to PPF account is restricted to the same branch.
Just log on to retail section of the Internet Banking site with your credentials and select the Funds Transfer link under Payments/Transfers tab. You can see all your online debit and credit accounts. Select the debit account from which you wish to transfer funds and the credit account into which the amount is to be credited. Enter the amount and remarks. The remarks will be displayed in your accounts statement for this transaction. You will be displayed the last five funds transfer operations on your accounts. On confirming the transaction, you will be displayed a confirmation page with the details of the transaction and the option to submit or cancel the funds transfer request. A reference number will be generated for your record.
ICICI BANK
This service is available to the following type of ICICI Bank account holders:
Please mail the completed application form to the following address:
ICICI Bank Limited
Internet Banking Department
A-Wing, 6th Floor, Autumn Estates
Chandivali Farm Road, Chandivali
Next to Chandivali Studio, Opp. MHADA
Andheri - East, Mumbai 400072
You can now access your account details online and also link your relationships with ICICI Bank through Internet Banking at www.icicibank.com. To get started, all you have to do is follow the three simple steps described below:
Step 1: Access Internet Banking – Obtain your User ID and Passwords
- For the security of your accounts, a unique user ID is created and allotted for every account number.
- For bank accounts, the user ID and passwords (both log-in password and transaction password) are given to you as part of your ‘Welcome’ kit at the time of account opening.
- In the case of credit-card accounts, the user ID and passwords are mailed to your registered mailing address separately after dispatch of the card to you.
- For demat accounts, you can ask for your Internet Banking user ID / passwords by submitting a filled-in application form.
- If you have received your Internet Banking user ID / passwords but have lost them or do not remember them, you can ask for them by calling us at our 24-hour Customer Care numbers or by submitting a filled-in application form at any ICICI Bank branch. If your accounts are not linked to a single user ID (see Step 3), you will have to ask for a separate user ID and set of passwords (log-in password and transaction password) for each account number that you have.
Step 2: Create your Own Unique User ID
- The second simple step is to create you own unique user ID. The user ID is your permanent identification to the Internet Banking service. This facility of creation of your own user ID helps you to modify your system-generated user ID so that you can customize it to a form that you find easier to remember.
- Click the ‘Personal’ button at the top left corner of the web page and then log in with the user ID and password given to you.
- Click the “Change User ID” link at the top-most menu and proceed.
- Setting your own user ID is very simple and convenient. You do not need to store your user ID physically for future recall and thus compromise the security of your account.
- Please note that this facility is available to you only once, i.e. once you have changed your user ID through this step, you cannot change it again. Try and create a user ID that no one can guess easily.
- Your user ID should be unique to you and yet not obvious to others. Avoid using your name, nickname, date of birth and other such commonly known or easily findable information.
- Along with the creation of your user ID, you should change the passwords that have been provided to you. Please choose a password that is at least 8 characters and up to 32 characters long. Passwords should contain both letters and numerals.
-
A word of caution: After you have changed your user ID, the system will instantly ask you to change your log-in password and transaction password also.
- So, if you do not remember your transaction password, please do not initiate this step.
- Instead, please obtain a transaction password from our 24-hour Customer Care (as in Step 1) and then proceed with this step.
Step 3: Link the Account Number to your User ID (if you have more than one ICICI Bank relationship)
- If you have more than one relationship with ICICI Bank, you can link all your accounts to a single user ID. Once you do so, you can log in and view the details of all your ICICI Bank relationships with just this one user ID.
- To link your bank accounts / credit card accounts and/or loan accounts, just log in with the user ID to which you wish to link these accounts and go to the ‘Request’ option under the ‘Bank’ menu of the homepage.
- Select the appropriate request pertaining to the type of account that you want to link, and enter your account number that you wish to link. The system will also ask you to confirm your request with your transaction password.
- Once the request is validated by the system, linking is effected within three to four business days, after which you can access your account details and transact online.
- The next time you want to see your account details, all you need to do is log in and select the account that you wish to view from the ‘My Accounts’ page.
- For security reasons, the transaction password and/or ATM/debit card related authentication would be necessary when you choose to transact online.
If you need any assistance, do write to us or call us at our 24-hour Customer Care numbers. We’ll be happy to respond.
Online Services
HDFC BANK
NetBanking is HDFC Bank's Internet Banking service. Providing up-to-the-second account information, NetBanking lets you manage your account from the comfort of your mouse - anytime, anywhere.
Introducing a simpler way to register for NetBanking
Say goodbye to long queues and paper work. Presenting one more reason to register for NetBanking. You can now call the in your city to register for NetBanking.
Our industry leading service provides a host of features at your finger-tips:
Internet Banking is the most convenient and powerful way to manage your account.
HDFC Bank has implemented a new security solution for its customers - Secure Access
As your security is our top priority, we have initiated the Secure Access solution to protect you from fraudsters and hackers - who are looking to find a way to access your account.
Currently following transactions are covered under Secure Access
Let us take you through the steps involved in Secure Access and how it serves to protect your account
Secure Access is an additional layer of security that is essentially a solution protecting your account from hackers and fraudsters. Secure Access requires a one-time registration effort from your side.
To register for Secure Access you will need to:
- Personalise an image
- Personalise text
- Answer 5 questions
- Share two contact numbers
Third-Party Transfer is a NetBanking feature for which you will need your unique Customer ID and IPIN (password). Login to NetBanking to confirm that your ID is active in our records.
With Third-Party Transfer (TPT) you can transfer funds online from your HDFC Bank account to another HDFC Bank/Other Bank account (beneficiary), anywhere in India.
This is a real-time transaction and the debit and credit will reflect in the respective accounts immediately. There is no charge for this facility.
*Third Party Transfer can be initiated:
- From your Account to other Bank Accounts using
-
National electronic Funds Transfer (NEFT) - Funds will be credited to the beneficiary account in two working days
-
Real Time Gross Settlement (RTGS) - Funds will be credited to the beneficiary account on the same working day.
- From your HDFC Bank account to other HDFC Bank accounts (different cust ids).
- From your account to any Visa Card (Debit or Credit) within India.
- For issuance of Third Party Demand Drafts from your account.
You can transfer upto a maximum of Rs. 5,00,000/- per cust id per day using this facility. This amount can be transferred in parts or on a single basis.
To avail of Third Party Transfer facility, fill up the and submit the same at the nearest branch. The form is available on the Net or at any of our HDFC Bank branches.
After 4 working days of submitting the form at the branch, you will receive an email from us informing you that your third-party transfer option has been activated.
Inorder to use the Third Party Transfer service, you need to add a beneficiary first.
Steps to add a beneficiary:
- Log on to www.hdfcbank.com and enter your Customer ID and Password ( IPIN)
- Go to Third Party Transfer and click on "Add a beneficiary".
- Select Beneficiary Type – Transfer within the Bank / Transfer to other bank (using NEFT) / Transfer to other bank ( using RTGS)
- Fill in the beneficiary details and confirm
To Transfer Funds choose the account you want to transfer funds from and also choose the beneficiary. Enter the details of your transaction, fill in the transaction amount, and submit the information.
INSTA IPIN FACILITY
It has been our constant endeavor to make banking a hassle-free experience for you. At HDFC Bank, we understand that it is quite possible to forget even important things like your NetBanking password (IPIN). But that should not be holding you back from accessing your bank account.
You can now re-generate your NetBanking password instantly with the help of your Debit Card details and start using your new password (IPIN) immediately. No need to request for a new password and await its arrival. And it is even better as you select your new HDFC Bank password yourself so it becomes much easier to remember the same.
What do I need to re-generate the NetBanking Password (IPIN)?
All you need is an active HDFC Bank Debit card.
Following are the steps that need to be followed for online resetting of your NetBanking IPIN
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The research methodology that I undertook for the purpose of this study is enumerated below-
SECONDARY RESEARCH:
Sources of secondary data were primarily the Internet , journals , newspaper, annual report, database available in the library, catalogues and presentations.
RESEARCH DESIGN: DESCRIPTIVE
Descriptive studies are well structured, they tend to be rigid and its approach can not be changed every now and then. Descriptive study can be divided in two categories:
- Cross sectional
- Longitudinal
Descriptive study are undertaken in many circumstances:
- when the researcher is interested in knowing the characteristics of certain groups such as age , profession.
- when the researcher is interested in knowing the proportion of people in given population who have behaved in a particular manner, making projection of certain things.
The objective of this kind of study is to answer the why, who, ,what ,when and how of the subject under consideration.
I will be taking descriptive because my research includes the knowing the behavior of customer towards advertisement. I will be working on to know how people of various age group respond to different advertising or there perception towards advertisement.
CONCLUSION
With cybercafes and kiosks springing up in different cities access to the Net is going to be easy. Internet banking (also referred as e banking) is the latest in this series of technological wonders in the recent past involving use of Internet for delivery of banking products & services. Even the Morgan Stanley Dean Witter Internet research emphasised that Web is more important for retail financial services than for many other industries.
Internet banking is changing the banking industry and is having the major effects on banking relationships. Banking is now no longer confined to the branches were one has to approach the branch in person, to withdraw cash or deposit a cheque or request a statement of accounts. In true Internet banking, any inquiry or transaction is processed online without any reference to the branch (anywhere banking) at any time. Providing Internet banking is increasingly becoming a "need to have" than a "nice to have" service. The net banking, thus, now is more of a norm rather than an exception in many developed countries due to the fact that it is the cheapest way of providing banking services.
LIMITATIONS
- Relevance : The data may not fit into the needs of investigation. There may be difference in the units of measurement, there may be surrogate data, discrepancy of class & data may pertain to some other period of time.
- Difficulties in the identification of the source.
- Difficulty to find secondary data that exactly the needs of some specific research investigation.
- Error may be there in recording or transferring information from secondary sources.
- The facilities or capabilities of the agency that originally collected the data might be questionable.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Books
Marketing Management: Kotler P., Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.
Marketing Strategies Yadav: P.K., Anamika Publishers & Distributors
Marketing Research Boyd, West Fall, Spasch, All India Traveller book seller
Kothari Research Methodology
Magazines
- Business World
- India Today
- Newspaper- Times of India, Economic Time
WEBLIOGRAPHY
www.hdfc.com
www.icicibank.com
www.sbi.co.in