Marketing Map
I have decided to make a marketing map to see where most confectionary brands lie and in which category.
These category’s are:
The chocolate bars you eat when you have no time for a meal or just to quench your hunger for a little while longer.
The Chocolate selections you would buy someone as a gift like on valentines day or for their birthday etc.
Something bought for your self-pleasure, maybe bought as a privilege.
These are the chocolate bars you would buy to fill yourself up a little. Like you have no time for dinner so you buy a chocolate gutfil bar.
These are the chocolates you would buy and share out between your friends if you don’t want to be selfish.
These are the brands, which like indulgence are a bit of a treat. Easy to eat and bought more frequently than indulgence brands.
This is my finished result:
I have decided that there is a gap in the casual indulgence and Sharing because of the lack of brands in these circles. Both have only 3 products in them however as I tend to buy more casual indulgence brands than sharing brands myself I think I will aim my brand at the casual indulgence section.
Market Research
Marketing is the identification, anticipation and satisfaction of customer needs and wants at a profit. To decide the best way to market a product first I need to carry out market research. The market research is based upon four factors, which are Price, Product, Promotion and Packaging.
In my research I need to find out:
What price do we set our product?
Can this price be enough to achieve my aims?
Will we still make a profit at this price?
What do I choose to make?
What ingredients will I use and to what effect?
How would I be able to improve my product?
How can we tell everyone about our product?
What advertising methods do we use?
How can we tell everyone about our product?
What material do we use to package the product?
Will the product be safe?
Will it attract the attention or our target market?
We find this all out by looking into competitors products and looking at Cadbury’s successful products. I will do this through web sites, magazines or advertisements and record my results in a survey. I will also publish a questionnaire, which I will ask a range of people to fill out to find out how the publics views lie. The survey sheet and the questionnaire are both (Field Research) whish you can find the meaning of in the glossary of terms at the end of my project however the survey sheet results may come from (Desk Research ) which is also in my glossary of terms.
From all this I should then begin to understand the customers needs and wants, understand how to keep ahead of competition and how to satisfy customer expectations.
Survey Sheet
Before I design a survey sheet I must decide which questions I should try to answer. I will also try to fill out the survey sheet for at least 10 brands, which should give me the overview of research I want.
The questions I may use are:
- Price of product?
- Weight of product?
- Advertising methods the product uses, if any?
- Special Features? E.g. Low fat, Low sugar.
I have decided to use these questions in my survey sheet because I feel they will gather all the information I could learn out about successful and unsuccessful products of Cadbury’s and their competitors.
Survey sheet result:
Questionnaire
I need to make a questionnaire to discover the consumers needs and wants. First I will think of the questions I should ask the public. I will then design my questionnaire and test on a small group of people of about 5.
From the feedback of the people I test I will try to improve my questionnaire or if they feel it is fit leave as it is. I will then release my questionnaire to about 20 people and record my results in a table.
Questions in the questionnaire:
- Male
- Female
- –12
- 13-16
- 17-21
- 21-31
- 31-40
- 40+
- Favourite chocolate type (closed question)
- Milk
- Dark
- White
- Other
- Favourite Company chocolate (closed question)
- Mars
- Nestle
- Cadbury’s
- Other
- How much you usually willing to spend on chocolate bar (closed question)
- –25p
- 26-35p
- 36-45p
- 50+
- Which is your favourite ingredients (closed question)
- Nut
- Raisons
- Coconut
- Truffle
- Other
- What colour grabs your attention the most (closed question)
- Red
- Yellow
- Orange
- White
- Green
- Blue
- Purple
I think these questions are appropriate and will gather the correct field research I need. You should notice that I have put closed questions by my questions then a series of answers. I am d1oing this so the information I will gather will be a lot easier to put into tables and graphs and my results will become a lot more helpful.
My initial questionnaire design:
Please go to the next page.
Questionnaire
(Please tick boxes e.g. )
1. Sex
Male
Female
2. Age
-11
12-20
21-30
31-40
41+
3. Favourite Chocolate Type
Milk Chocolate
Dark Chocolate
White Chocolate
Other
4. Favourite Ingredient
Nut
Raison
Truffle
Coconut
Other
5. Favourite Chocolate Company
Mars
Nestle
Cadbury’s
Other
6. How much you willing to spend on a chocolate bar
-25p
26-35p
36-45p
46p+
7. What wrapping colour attracts you most
Red
Yellow
Orange
Blue
Green
Purple
Black
Thank you for your time
I tested the questionnaire and it appeared to gather the information I wanted and everyone found it very simple to fill out. I think it appears to be a little dull but that is not as important as being easy to fill out and collecting the Field Research wanted.
I gave out my questionnaire to 20 people of all ages and recorded my results in a tally chart. Below I have presented the tally chart which should help me put my results into graphs etc with a lot more ease.
Here is my results:
I have decided that I feel my questionnaire was sufficient no person ever ticked other which means a successfully gave them all there wanted options. The only thing I would change if I could would to release this questionnaire on a wider range of ages not just mainly on 12-20 where my product is now probably going to be aimed.
Market Research Results
I collected to lots of market research one was in a survey sheet and another in a questionnaire. I will not analyse my results and make decisions on different areas. First I will start with my survey sheet.
From the survey sheet results I learnt:
- The average price for most chocolate bars is about 35p. This may be useful and I may decide to charge this on my product.
- The average weight of a chocolate bar is 50g. This may also be helpful as I may choose to aim my bar to weigh around the same. However we also learn that the yorkie bar, mars bar and twix exceed this weight by a little bit and are all highly successful products.
- We learn that most brand launches tend to advertise through the TV which is very good. Cadbury’s use the soap coronation street as an extra advertisement as it shows a different Cadbury brand for different days of the week.
- Not many products actually have any special features. There is not many low fat bars also this may be lead I should follow.
The survey sheet is a great tool to lead me into the right direction however I think the questionnaire results will be a lot more certain and reliable. Guessing trends from other brands will not always be reliable as asking the consumers there needs and wants. I will now analyse the results from my questionnaire.
From the questionnaire I have learnt:
Favourite Chocolate Type
This shows that the want for milk chocolate is much greater than any other type of chocolate.
Favourite Ingredient
I have discovered from this that Nut and caramel are the most popular ingredients.
Wrapping colour
From this we learn that red and orange are by far the most appealing wrapping colours for our consumers which will help when we start designing the packaging of the product.
Market Research Report
First of all I think that in order to keep in competition with our competitors our prices should be at about the same as theirs which is about 35p. This means we will not lose custom for price.
The more weight in a chocolate bar the more expensive it is to make however if it does not weigh enough it might not be as snacking as the consumer would like so I feel we must also keep with the crowd and produce our bar at the same average weight as the rest which is 50g.
From our questionnaire we know that we should definitely make our product with milk chocolate and use nut as an extra ingredient if any. This is because of the high want we can establish these are the customer trends.
We also know that red and orange show very popular as wrapping colour and would grab the most attention. These may be the colours to follow. Also TV advertisements are used by many brands and I think that also would be the most sensible way of advertising.
Why we do Market Research
We do market research to help ensure the products we release meet the customers needs and wants to prevent it from becoming a failure and losing the company money. Market Research simply helps reduce the risk of losing out and help build a chance at the products success.
If the correct Market Research has been carried out the product has a much higher chance of making itself and earning a profit. This is why I have done some so it will help me to make the correct decisions.
Development
In these stages I have to decide upon a brand name. A brand name means a product which customers see as being unique from other products. First I will look at the key points of the chocolate bar and then decide upon a name.
Key points:
- Milk Chocolate
- Contains Nut
- Contains Caramel
- Bright Red or Orange wrapping paper
My chocolate bar is going to be made out of milk chocolate and contain nuts and caramel. I think that because the best wrapping paper colours are red and orange. Because Red and Orange are very loud and explosive colours I think the brand name will also have to be the same.
I have made a list of the potential Brand names:
- Nutty Choc
- Dynamite
- Nut Burst
- Munch Crunch
I will ask 10 people which brand name they prefer the sound of and that is what I will use.
From this I have chosen to call my brand munch crunch.
Product life cycle
The product like every other product will go through a life cycle. At different points in the life cycle we will need to make further decisions about how the product should be priced, promoted and how it is to be distributed. Then we could also make decisions and improve our product to extend the products life cycle.
The product life cycle has 4 different phases. These are:
- Development
There are different development and marketing stages.
- Growth
This is hopefully where profits and sales will be rising. If they do not rise we will have to decide whether to carry on releasing the product or if there is more promotion needed.
- Maturity
The maturity phase is where the profits and sales reach their peak. This stage is the ideal stage for the product to be in. Businesses use extension strategies to try to prolong the length of this stage. We must then decide when we should use these extension strategies.
- Saturation
This is at the end of the maturity stage and the market becomes saturated. Competitors bring out new products to try to take the sales away. We must now decide if we should still make this brand. See if it is still as successful as the competition or decide to market a new brand or improve this brand.
- Decline
The decline stage is where the product sales and profits fall. This is the end of the product and its life cycle.
This is a chart of the product life cycle:
Extension Strategies
- Targeting new market segments. E.g. different age groups!
- New promotional ideas to save the decline.
Pricing Strategies
Pricing is an element of the marketing mix. There are three types of pricing these are:
- Competition based pricing
These prices are decided upon what the competition charges. You want to set your price cheaper to make more sales. However selling your product too cheap will give the consumer the impression of lack of quality.
- Market Orientated Pricing
This is where the price is decided entirely upon what the analysis of the market.
This means the price would be based upon the costs of promotion and the value of the profit margins.
I have decided to go with Competition based pricing. This is because I feel it will give me the edge when launching the bar. However after the bar is successfully launched I will then decide if I should change the products price this would depend on its success.
Internal and External Constraints
Cadbury’s would be working under many internal and external constraints while working on the development of the new product. These would slow the process of production and even effect the overall success of the product.
- Research Difficulties
- Development Difficulties
- Factors of the Product Life Cycle
- Competition
- Legal Advertisements
- Market gain without Monopolising
Packaging Research
Packaging and wrapping of a product needs to look attractive. This is because they help the product to sell and also tell the consumers a little about the product. On my product I have found out that there are laws on what I must show on the label on my wrapper. This information is called statutory.
The packaging and the name of a product is very important to ensure it reflects the product and the company. I am going to collect a few of successful product’s packaging. Then I will see what they have in common and what they don’t and why.
These two products are both made by Cadburys, the Dairy Milk bar is blue/purple and has a almost light foil like packaging material, however I think the packaging is rather boring and would not attract much attention but it is already a very well established brand and does not need to stand out as it is so very well known.
The Bournville is a lot better packaging design because of the bright colours used even though it is a little plain I am sure it would be noticed sooner than the Dairy Milk bar. The Bournville is packaged in a golden foil and then an additional wrapper displaying the design. I prefer the Dairy Milk method used to pack the product as it looks much simpler.
The snickers bar also has a fairly simple wrapping design and uses the same method as the Dairy Milk for wrapping however it uses a different material which is kind of like a cross between paper and Clingfilm but is much stronger and quite cheap.
I feel from these designs I have realised that there is surely not enough colourful and attractive packaging designs. So I have decided to keep my ideas from my market research to keep my design red and orange.
This is the first simple design, all I have done is put the title of the product and the slogan in bright colours. I do not think it is bright enough yet so I am going to add more of these bright colours and also add these teeth to incorporate with the slogan.
This is my modified packaging. I still have to add the Cadbury’s logo onto it but other than that it is my almost finished design.
I am really happy with this design. It stands out and grabs attention, I think it will surely interest people between 15 – 25 because of the slogan and the vampire teeth I choose to use.
This is the Cadbury’s logo I have decided to use, I feel it does not blend well with my bright design so I am going to change its colours to either red, orange or even black.
This is my finished product.
Advertising
Almost all launched chocolate bar products have some sort of advertising methods to promote their product and to try and ensure its success. I am going to research the currently used advertising methods of successful chocolate bars.
Chocolate bars often have short slogans to create an image for the product or to interest the consumers. Mars bar first used the slogan “A Mars a day helps you work, rest and play”, this was successful in the early days of the product and mainly attracted young men to the product however it almost alienated females to the brand so they used a different slogan for the advertising campaign in the late 1990’s which was “Taste for Life”.
Cadbury’s picnic also had a successful slogan, “Bite it” however it at first had great effects and attracted a market between 15 and 25 years. This shows how effective a good slogan can have on the success of a product.
I decided that a good slogan for my product will be “Munch Crunch, eat it or it will you”. This is a suggestive way of targeting 15-25 year olds and has the message that it will cure your hunger.
Nowadays with the help from the media we have a great number of resources we can use to advertise. We can advertise on TV, billboards, radio, magazines, newspapers, posters and even the Internet. Confectionary advertising is mostly on TV and gets the greatest effect.
Cadbury’s in the last 3 years sponsored a very successful British soap called Coronation Street. Then they advertise a different product for every day of the week. I think if they put the brand on a day on Coronation Street and have a advert running also for a couple of month’s the product would get enough publicity to become an established brand a lot like Cadbury’s “marble”.
Cadbury’s pay Coronation street 10 million pounds a year sponsorship. Then for an additional TV campaign should cost between 4 and 5 million. So the advertising cost of TV advertisements should cost about 15 million pounds.