Literature review
Green building is a dynamic, rapidly growing and evolving field, driven by the global climate change, energy costs and availability, and the built environment on human health and performance of the confluence of rising public concern. Green building design and construction has increased dramatically in recent years; this expansion has caused a series of technical, social, economic and design issues, including the construction industry are not configured to answer. Answer these questions, the need for basic research and development, which requires financial support and participation of institutions and personal level.( National Research Council, 2006.)
Hotel companies are increasingly encouraging environmentally friendly practices and embracing sustainability through both developmental and operational strategies. With initiatives such as education programs, reforestation programs, eco-resorts, the implementation of energy efficient practices, and the development of buildings that comply with government-defined standards, the “greening” of the industry is a trend that is here to stay.( Zero Waste Alliance,2002)
Environmentally friendly hotels
"Green hotel”, are very important initiative and implementation of practices and programs to reduce energy, water and waste environmental performance. Green Hotel in recycling programs, linen change programs, installs energy efficient lighting, and gets their news, their guests, and how they do their part in protecting the Earth.
Green hotels, also called eco-friendly hotels, ecologically friendly hotels, or environmentally friendly hotels, are defined a variety of ways. According to the Green Hotel Association, green hotels are “environmentally-friendly properties whose managers are eager to institute programs that save water, save energy and reduce solid waste—while saving money—to help protect our one and only earth” (2007). While this definition encompasses general ways hotels may reduce their impact, it is a very ambiguous definition. Kasim (2004) incorporates socio-economic factors into the definition: “the hotel operates in a responsible manner towards its employees, the local community, the local culture, and the surrounding ecology” (p. 10).
In fact, the concept and principles of green hotel have been widely incorporated into hotel operation in many parts of the world. Many of these hotels, on adopting environment friendly measures, have experienced cost savings for waste as well as increased visitor rate due to enhanced customer satisfaction and loyalty. Development green hotel industry in Macau is therefore conducive to an enhancement of the industry's market competitiveness. In time, it will also benefit the overall environmental development in Hong Kong.
Normally “Green Hotels” to be Green, they also do below step:
- Start a linen (both towels and sheets) reuse programme in all guest rooms.
- Use compact fluorescent lighting. Use sensors and/or timers for areas that are infrequently used.
- Are your guestrooms using a low flow showerhead?
- Switch to low-flow toilets or installing toilet-tank fill diverters to save on energy and water.
- Provide guestroom recycler baskets/bins for newspaper, white paper, glass products, aluminum cans, cardboard, and plastics. Also provide recycling bins in public areas. Recycle programs
- Hotel amenities (ex: use refillable hair and skin care dispensers). Uses Bulk Soap and Toiletries (as opposed to individually wrapped).
- Apply window tint/film to reduce heating and cooling loads in guestrooms.
- Install thermostats and heating/air-conditioning controllers in each room.
- Use recycled paper products that are either unbleached or bleached using a chlorine free process. ( ex: brochures, menus, comment cards, all hotel stationary products)
- Uses non-toxic, earth friendly cleaning agents.
- Replace old washing machines with both water and energy conserving models.
- If the hotel has a pool and/or hot tub, install a solar water heating system and use pool and hot tub covers when the pool area is closed.
- Provides guests with bicycles, walking maps, and information on public transportation.
- Provides reusable items such as cloth napkins, glass cups, ceramic dishes, etc. with all food and beverage services.
- Educates staff and/or guests about Greenness, by offering brochures and signs for guests to follow and learn about hotel practices.
Source: Green Friendly Hotels, Inns, Motels and Bed and Breakfasts
Why Hotels should take steps to go green?
As more and more hotels embrace green, it is so important, they catch up. By reducing the environmental efforts to reduce waste, water and energy is huge. The hotel should take the necessary steps to save energy costs, water conservation and environmental practices to save time as possible. The bottom line is the hotel with a lot of energy to collect large quantities of waste, and the use of a large amount or water, do not you think it's time to conserve, recycle, and reduce the impact on our planet.
Environmentally friendly hotels advantages
Although the original intention of the green hotel the whole society to protect the environment, but the behavior of enterprises, after all, is the premise of cost-effectiveness, lack of economic behavior may be less attractive for business.( studa20,2009) Therefore, the implementation must be emphasized that the green hotel interests. However, the hotel is not exactly the same green and cost savings in certain stages of implementation, in order to solve existing environmental problems, the hotel needs investment. From the long term, to improve the grade of the hotel, hotel in improving product quality, hotel product prices have increased accordingly, so the hotel to the development of a truly healthy green hotel. The hotel environment is closely related to product quality with the hotel, which is the hotel industry and other industries in environmental protection is a big difference. The hotel environment, including indoor air quality, water quality, noise condition, green conditions and other products directly from the hotel is an important part of its quality. Hotel management can be improved through the implementation of environmental management of their condition, improve the management of scientific, technical and creative, to make management more standardized and rigorous. In this process, business and society both benefit. This is a business and consumer spending continues to mature results.
Whether guests stay in small bed and breakfast or luxury resort accommodation is a small community of property, buy goods and services, building and disposal of waste, use of electricity and water, and, like any individual leaves a different environmental footprint. In addition, the hotel industry is a new construction and renovation in the most dynamic. (2006 by EPE)From the carpet, paint, heating and cooling equipment TV, the hotel industry is a huge consumer. In a more environmentally responsible way of business, hotels and motels can prove leader in ecological sustainability, while strengthening cost-effective procedures and facilities to improve competitiveness.
The benefits of starting or expanding a green hotel program include:
- lower operating costs
- increased customer and employee satisfaction
- reduced environmental impact and
- enhanced marketability as an environmentally friendly business
Recourse:
The benefits of an effective environmental management can be realized in hotel. Although in the short-run, there might be difficult for hotel to budget a lot on investing environmentally friendly system, for long term perspective, it:
Benefits:
Cost Savings
Customer Requirements
Corporate Image
Legislation
Investment
Insurance
Marketing Opportunities
Organizations use many EMS frameworks and models. They include ISO14001, Green Globe 21, etc. The International Standard ISO 14001 is the most widely used and respected.
ISO 14001
The international requirements for an environmental
Management system (EMS) developed by the International Organization for Standardization. (2008 EYGM Limited.)
The ISO 14000 Series International Environmental Management Standards are receiving significant attention from business managers and their legal and economic advisers, and it is said that the standards may be a "watershed in the annals of environmental regulation." (CTMI BMHS 2010) Business managers view ISO 14000 as a market-driven approach to environmental protection that provides an alternative to "command and control" regulation by government. Therefore, the standards are of significant interest to business organizations and their legal representatives; environmental groups and their members; and governments, their agencies, and their officials.
Methodology
Methodology is a series of choices:
1. Choices about what information and data to gather
2. Choices about how to analyze the information and data that you gather
3. Other methodological choices
Research
Research is to gather and analyze information in order to increase understanding of the phenomenon we are studying the process of the system. It is the function of researchers to contribute to the phenomenon of understanding and communication, understanding of others.
We use research to assist in the development and delivery of service priorities.
We evaluate our work, to determine whether we need to do is to provide an acceptable cost-effective, and find their needs, we provide adequate services. (Glossary of Term, 1999).
The researchers also discuss the qualitative and quantitative methods. These unique, different methods are often used in combination, to investigate specific research questions.
Qualitative methods ranging from a few personal details of the collection and have the ability to discover what is happening, but it is not a measure of the frequency of events or statistical associations.
Quantitative methods rely on a small number of large research projects are generally passive information providers, rather than an active participant in the study data collection. Specific and different techniques are used to analyze these data.
Methodology research
Sampling methods
Sampling is the process of selection units (such as people, organizations) from the population of interest, the study sample; we can fairly summarize our results back to their population selection. Let's start covering some of the principal terms of sampling, such as “Population" and "sampling frame." Then, because some types of sampling rely on quantitative models, we will talk about some of the sample survey terminology. Finally, we will discuss the probability of major and non-probability sampling methods and the distinction between the main types of work in each.( William M.K. Trochim, 2002,)
This study is using sampling method to analyze and an ass why the Hong Kong tourists need environmentally friendly hotels is growing. Appendix B is a questionnaire to achieve the research objectives. Survey questionnaires are used to gather information from people for various purposes. They are one of the most convenient and popular methods of doing so. This data is then collated, processed and utilized according to the needs of the surveyor.
The Sample Population
Probability sampling is generally held to be the most precise type of sampling, but it is largely inappropriate for qualitative research. See Appendix A
The population consisted of the tourists are come from different country and have different culture in Hong Kong Island during the period 1st October 2011 to 31th October 2011.
Sample Size
1000 of tourists
Finite Population (where the population is less than 50,000)
SS
New SS = SS
( 1 + ( SS – 1 ))
Pop
Pop = Population (e.g., 4,300)
Note: Calculate the sample size using the infinite population formula first. Then use the sample size derived from that calculation to calculate a sample size for a finite population.
Sources: Bill Godden, January 2004
Data analyze
During this research, it is interview to 1000 visitors. It is for the hotel in the environmental awareness and their demand for environmentally friendly hotel.
- The concept of environmental protection
This table shows that in modern times, many people know what it is among the concepts of environmental protection, has been also surrounds us.
- Important of environmental protection
This table show near 70% also think environmental protection is very important in the world. At the same time, it also show their like have a green environment which their live.
- Choose stay in environmental friendly hotel
This table show near 80% Hong Kong visitor like stay in environmental friendly hotel. In this research, most people like stay in environmental friendly because of they all know that environmental protection is closely related with their. And stay in Green hotel, make they feel more comfortable.
- The environmental friendly hotel is enough in Hong Kong
Conclusion
Through adopting environmental measures, hotel business can improve their corporate images by demonstrating their social responsibility for environmental protection. Companies in the private sector with their own environmental programmes are demanding higher environmental standards of their suppliers – and this includes the hotels they use for their business travel and conference needs. Some guest and tourists are even willing to pay more for hotel that actively benefit the environment. Hence, such efforts will help promote guest loyalty.
List of References
Ananth, M., DeMicco, F., Moreo, P., & Howey, R. (1992). Marketplace lodging needs of mature travelers. The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 33(4), 12-24.
Department of Energy (DOE). 1987. The Environmental Survey Manual
Faculty of Postgraduate Studies and Research University of Health Sciences Ketkesone Phrasisombath 2009
Green Schools – Attributes for Health and Learning, (National Research Council, 2006.)
GREEN HOTELS:Opportunities and Resources for Success ( Zero Waste Alliance,2002)
Hospitality going green (by 2008 EYGM Limited) P.1-2
.
Ibid and Anonymous, “China to Build 10,000 Green Hotels by 2010,” People’s Daily Online, 2005
Judy Holcomb and Abraham Pizam
Rosen College of Hospitality Management, University of Central Florida
(Heung, Fei & Hu, 2006)
Kaplowitz, M. D. (2000). Statistical analysis of sensitive topics in group and individual interviews. Quality and Quantity, 34, 419-431.
Kasim, A. (2004). Socio-environmentally responsible hotel business: Do tourists to Penang Island, Malaysia care? Journal of Hospitality & Leisure Marketing, 11(4), 5-28.
Office of National Tourism – Department of Industry, Science and Tourism.1999 National Ecotourism Accreditation Program. Australia Author
Operations & Environment Management Study Guide
Seoki Lee and Cindy Yoonjoung H, “Corporate social responsibility and customer satisfaction among US publicly traded hotels and restaurants,” International Journal of Hospitality Management 28 (2009): 635-637.
"The Virtuous Cycle: Working together for health and medical research", Health and Medical Research Strategic Review, 1999 (Glossary of Term, pA6.1).
Website
(stud20, 2009)
Green hotel construction and environmental protection [J].
Industry and Technology Forum, Luo Xiangyun 2007, (09).
Green Friendly Hotels, Inns, Motels and Bed and Breakfasts
(Kit Cassingham (2004))
Sample size formula
Bill Godden, January 2004
Appendix A
Sources: Faculty of Postgraduate Studies and Research University of Health Sciences Ketkesone Phrasisombath 2009
Appendix BSample Questionnaire
AGE: Nationality:
18-29 ○
30-39 ○
40-49 ○
50 and over ○
- Do you know the concept of environmental protection?
- Do you think important of environmental protection?
○ Large
○ Medium
○ Small
○ there is no influence
- In your opinion, the issues of natural environment and its protection important for performance and development of tourism:
○YES ○NO
- What is in your opinion, the magnitude of the hotels influence on the natural environment?
○ Significant/large
○ Medium
○ Non-significant/ small
○ there is no influence
- "Green Hotel" How much do you know of this word?
- Do you like stay at environmental friendly hotel?
○Yes, Why?
○No, Why?
- Will you choose stay in environmental friendly hotel?
○Yes ○No
- Do you think the environmental friendly hotel is enough in Hong Kong?
○Yes ○No
- What could encourage you to undertake environmentally-oriented initiatives in your hotel 1-the most probable, 7 the least probable
__Possibility of reducing operational costs of the hotel
__Improving the image of the hotel
__Diminishing the negative impacts imposed by the hotel onto the environment
__Recommendations of hotel/ hotel chain board
__Additional marketing assets
__Requirements of customers
__Professional advice in the choice of the most beneficial solution (environmentally economically and socially)
- If you stay in the environmental friendly hotel, have you comment for the hotel?
The end
Thank you very much!