‘Zapatismo was more of a reactionary than a revolutionary movement.’ Discuss in the context of the Mexican Revolution up to 1920
'Zapatismo was more of a reactionary than a revolutionary movement.' Discuss in the context of the Mexican Revolution up to 1920 Emiliano Zapata, an almost pure-blooded Tlahuican, was born in Morelos at a time when caudillismo politics were giving way to predominantly liberal systems in Latin America. He was by no means rich but his birth-right of a share in a small rancho made him considerably better off than many of his neighbours whose own livelihood was rid of nearly all its independence when the ejidos, common-land which had been 'granted' to the natives by the conquistadores some 300 years earlier and which were used as pasture by the peones, were 'de-nationalised' under the Ley Lerdo of 1856 and sold-off, mainly to wealthy hacendados. This law was conceived of mainly as an attack on the church but also served as an assertion of liberal non-state-interventionism and an attack on privilege. That it won many hacendados over to the liberal cause by 'freeing-up' previously unavailable arable land was a bonus for the incumbent regime. That it disinherited the Indians and weakened the role of the military was met with approval by cientificos who saw them as obstacles to progress. That it would, half a century later, be the catalyst that would mobilise millions of Mexicans to more than a decade of violent struggle could not have been
Laicism In Media.
LAICISM IN MEDIA Religion is generally defined in many sources as any specific system of belief about deity, often-involving rituals, a code of ethics, and a philosophy of life. In addition to this, Don Swenson defines religion in terms of the sacred: "Religion is the individual and social experience of the sacred that is manifested in mythologies, ritual, ethos, and integrated into a collective or organization" (Swenson, D. 1999). Therefore, religions have had huge effects on people in many areas like their cultures, life styles, etc. in all eras of history. With the formation of communication, interaction among people, cultures and also religions are accelerated, so people have tried to spread their ideas and beliefs with the help of communication in different forms such as mass media. However, people have used the mass media except for its real purpose for propaganda of religions or in contrast they used the religions as an object for mass media. Therefore, there are two kind of relationship between religion and media from the past up till now; pressure of religion on media and effects of media on religion. The first relationship between religion and media is the negative effects and pressure of religion on media that restricted the freedom of ideas. It can be seen many examples that support this thesis in history and today. In Medieval Europe is one of the best-known
T o what extent does the Demographic Transition Model provide a reliable and accurate representation of Europe's demographic past? What are the main problems of measuring the chief variables in the model?
T o what extent does the Demographic Transition Model provide a reliable and accurate representation of Europe's demographic past? What are the main problems of measuring the chief variables in the model? The demographic transition is a term that describes the complex process of passage from disorder to order and from waste to economy. Demographic growth takes place with varying degrees of intensity within a fairly large strategic place, therefore rates of growth or decline can lead a population to rapid expansion or extinction. During the past two centuries western populations have passed through all phases of the trajectory of the modern demographic cycle. In Europe population has multiplied fourfold, life expectancy has increased from 25-35 to 75-80, the average number of children per woman has declined from 5 to less than two and both fertility and mortality rates have declined from 30-40 per 1000 to approximately 10 per 1000. Thus significantly altering the demographic structure. In this essay I intend to discuss the extent to which the Demographic Transition Model provides a reliable and accurate representation of Europe's demographic past. Demographers describe the history of population growth in Western Europe in terms of a process of "demographic transition," a model that charts three aspects of population growth. The model describes how the separate factors that
What is a revolution?
What is a revolution? For the past week or so this question has really been catching my interest. At first, I was under the impression that a revolution required a bloody overthrow, in the sense of a coup that would undoubtedly result in the formation of a new leadership. Today, I am not entirely sure that this restrictive definition is appropriate and therefore I must change my opinion to meet the growing changes of our society. In Eisenstadt's, Frameworks of the Great Revolutions, he writes, "revolutions first and foremost symbolize radical change in the political regime far beyond the deposition of rulers or even the replacement of ruling groups.1" If one were to base the validity of this argument upon my original definition of a revolution they would find his overall beliefs to be quite similar. On the other hand if popular societal examples were examined, such as the Industrial Revolution or the Sexual Revolution where there was no such upheaval of leadership or power, this notion of revolution would be inappropriate. In Touraine's book, Social Transformations of the Twentieth Century he writes, "When the twentieth century closed, the challenges and problems of the time were social, dealing with questions of work, production, social classing and social rights.2" He goes on to voice that in present day, our society is more afflicted by the results of these
"What were the major differences between French and Italian secular music in the mid fourteenth century and how did the two traditions draw closer towards the end of the century?"
Zoë McKellar 9806752 History of Music Period One Assignment One Dr. W. Edwards "What were the major differences between French and Italian secular music in the mid fourteenth century and how did the two traditions draw closer towards the end of the century?" November 2000 "What were the major differences between French and Italian secular music in the mid fourteenth century, and how did the two traditions draw closer towards the end of the century?" During the fourteenth century three types of music dominated compositions in France and again in Italy. Like any two different countries both had their particular style, and these influenced the other. There were major differences between French and Italian secular music during the mid fourteenth century, and it shall be investigated whether or not and how these drew closer towards the end of the century. One example of French secular music is the Lay, which was typically based on a one-line melody, although Guillaume de Machaut (1300-1377) introduced the idea of polyphony into four of his Lays. This however is not representative of the norm. They were basically irregularly shaped, and the rhythmic technique was emblematic of the six rhythmic modes. They were very simple, rhythmically, and consisted mainly of longs and breves. The unbalanced form of Lays depicts the Lay principle of musical change, and they tend to be
China's political, social and economic problems
Q. what are the domestic and external economic foundations upon which China is building its success, what economic, social, and political problems has this process of structural adjustment encountered, and how has the government tried to overcome them? Name In this essay I will argue about the domestic and external economic foundations upon which China is building its success. The People's Republic of China has one of the fastest growing economies in the world. China's huge and consistent economic growth reflects the success of China's economic reforms. Economic growth of China since the early 80s is remarkable. "Real GDP per capita grew by 8% to 9.5% annual growth in the 1978-1995 and 1989-98 periods respectively"(1). Whereas the major economic reforms in the 1980s concentrated on the introduction of market mechanisms, key reforms since 1993 focused on economic efficiency and sustainable growth. The aim of the essay is to find out firstly the theory of the domestic and external economic foundations. Secondly, what economic, social, and political problems have this process of structural adjustment encountered, and finally my argument and how has the government tried to overcome them? However, China had experienced high inflation and external deficits in the late 1980s which raised questions about the viability of Chinese government's ambitions to sustain strong growth.
History of Russia. Examine the Impact of Mongol Rule Upon Medieval Rus
Student registration number : 7631469 Course code and title: RUSS10251: History of Russia to 1917 Module Convener: Vera Tolz Assignment title: Coursework Essay Actual word count: 1433 Examine the Impact of Mongol Rule Upon Medieval Rus The Mongol invasion of Kiev Rus' had various short and long-term impacts upon different aspects of Russian life. Whether examining the social system, commerce and trade, the language and even religion, effects on all aspects of life (even the scapegoat for blame in later years) can be attributed to the Mongols. Batu Khan marched from Mongolia with a force 200,000 strong over a period of 20 years, with the sole intention of invading and conquering medieval Russia. One by one the Russian principalities, including Moscow, fell to the Khan and his army. The sheer destruction and huge scale of slaughter of countless Russian lives had, in itself, a profound impact on Russian culture, it's economy and society. The development of Russia experienced a grave impact as a result of the invasion. Eventually, the Mongols captured Kiev, which at the time was the symbolic centre of Kievan Russia, only the outlying principalities, such as Novgorod, survived the onslaught. Nevertheless these principalities would later become tributaries to the Khans and endure indirect oppression. As a result of the invasion Russia would be forever changed in
The History and Importance of Chinese Literature.
China’s Glorious Literature History Word Count: 2037 (excluding references) ________________ China’s Glorious Literature History When talking about Literature in the world, China has a unique distinction of being the only country that has had literature written consecutively for three thousand years in just one language. The Chinese language is said to be one of the most meaningful of languages, and the fact that its history in literature is so intriguing, comes to no surprise. Every letter in the Chinese alphabets stands for an idea or a symbol that has been engrossed in the wonderful literature of the infamous Chinese writers, artists and philosophers who graced the great land over the years (Larson, 1998). This paper will talk about the beauty of Chinese literature and the people who made it beautiful. Chinese lay a lot of importance on their literature. Literatures from countries around the world are fast being forgotten with time but Chinese literature is a different story altogether (de Bary, Theodore et al., 1999). Their literature has only one language that has not evolved in all these years. Every letter of the language symbolizes a piece of their illustrious history and tradition. The essence of the Chine literature hence, is till date enjoyed and cherished by the people of China. It has helped in maintaining cultural continuity for thousands and millions
What were the consequences of the Roman Law reception in Central Europe?
What were the consequences of the Roman Law reception in Central Europe? The word reception, used in the context of the question at hand, generally denotes the transplantation or penetration of some or all of one law into another. Arguably the main reason for this occurrence is that the originally existing law has for one reason or another been exhausted and is in need of reform[1]. However, this is rarely the sole reason. For something that is such an important cornerstone of society, the evolution of law in Central Europe – and indeed the rest of the world – is not as rigid as one might think. It is instead often quite a fluid, piecemeal process that is punctuated by sudden larger progressions, such as the creation of a major legal text or a groundbreaking legal case. It is also a process which is influenced by many factors that vary from country to country, culture to culture, and so on. It is for this reason that, in order to answer the question, we must first look closer at the specifics of this reception if we are to avoid confusion and vagueness. The Roman Law reception in Central Europe was a gradually evolving process that crept its way across the legal systems of the lands of the Holy Roman Empire throughout the late middle ages and the renaissance period. The old native laws that it replaced, or at least inter-mingled with, were largely customary, traditional
How seriously did people take claim that kings ruled with Gods blessing?
How seriously did people take claim that kings ruled with God’s blessing? People did not seriously take claim that kings ruled with God’s blessing; it was more widely accepted that kings ruled to preserve the obfuscating feudal society, rather than for divine right. As Petit-Dutaillis articulates the kings’ function was purely for political ideology with financial principles and national social amalgamation to uphold a feudalistic society; which was seen at best the only effective configuration appropriate for a violent, disfiguring and destructible world. It would be more supplementary sensible to argue that ‘it was essential’ for people to ‘have a public authority’, as to destroy the emergence of ‘tyranny’ there ‘must be kings’.[1] However, it undoubtedly must be acknowledged that there are arguments harmonizing that people seriously claimed kings ruled with God’s blessing, these aspects of arguments must also be carefully analysed. As the question is fairly vague in its wording, by only highlighting people, it must be discussed through groups of people from separate backgrounds within a feudal society such as: the monarchy itself, the Pope and his clergy representatives, the nobility and peasants. At first it is best to evaluate the altercation supporting that people took claim that kings ruled with God’s blessing from the point of
