England Under Henry VIII
England Under Henry VIII Henry VIII Tudor (1491-1547) was the second son of Henry VII. His brother Arthur, being only 15, married to Catherine, the daugter of the Spanish monarch. But in a very few month he sickened and died. Henty VII arranged that the young widow should marry his second son Henry, then 12 years of age, when he too should be 15. A few years after settling this marriage, in 1509, the King died of the gout. King Henry the Eighth was just eighteen years of age when he came to the throne. People said he was a hand some boy, but in later life he did not seem handsome at all. He was a big, burly, noisy, small-eyed, large-faced, double-chinned fellow, as we know from the portraits of him, painted by the famous Hans Holbein*. The king was anxious to make himself popular, and the people, who had long dis- liked the late king, believed to believe that he deserved to be so. He was extremely fond of show and display, and so were they. There-fore there was great rejoicing when he married the Princess Catherine, and when they were both crowned. And the King fought at tournaments and always came off victorious - for the courtiers took care of that - and there was a general outcry that he was a wonderful man. The prime favourites of the late King, who were engaged in money-raising matters, Empson, Dudley, and their supporters, were accused of a variety of crimes they
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3th June -HelterSkelter -Arrowhead -Mitch -GreenTeaLatte -Jayla -Levante -`Dane -Evan_Varvell (need checking) demonic_fury Amorphis TrinityStar TigerWilly
Knight Weaponry
The figure that comes to mind when the word knight is mentioned is usually a man in shining armor on a horse saving a damsel in distress or jousting in a tournament for the prestige and honor. Part of that image is true but knights were heavily involved in real battles and violence in medieval culture. The false image leads to questions such as, what was the knight's armor really like? How are weapons shown in medieval art and what made them so deadly? How did they change over time and what lead to the knight's decline? The gruesome arsenal of the medieval knight is evident in artifacts and in art. The answers to the questions will reveal why they were they were considered the most dangerous soldiers on the battlefield. The knight's equipment was a statement all in itself. Everything from the outside said something about his status in society. Certain pieces of armor and weapons had great importance and were more expensive than others giving the owner great esteem. The more expensive and elaborate the equipment was told everyone how successful in battle the knight was, in or out of the tournament arena. From helm to horse told the status of the knight. Weaponry in a culture can only go as far as the resources and the technology will allow it. The middles ages saw advancement in some areas of armor craft and weaponry. Most of the weapons that were used were
How important was royal patronage in the establishment and development of Portuguese overseas empire 1415-1550
How important was Royal Patronage in the Establishment and Development of the Portuguese Overseas Empires in the Years 1415-1550? The Portuguese overseas empire were established and developed by a number of closely associated and integrated factors that had fluctuating levels of significance throughout this period. The factors also had differing importance in firstly, the separate processes of establishment and development of empire, and secondly in the different areas of Portuguese empire; Africa, India and Brazil. It is important to discern in which area and for what process they were most significant to and at what times. The focus centred on royal patronage and the historical debate surrounding Prince Henrique, and the role of notable individuals within the Portuguese empire such as Francisco de Almeida and Afonso de Albuquerque. Other causes including religious fervour from the strong crusading legacy of the Reconquista and encouragement from the Papacy in the form of favourable Papal Bulls. Tackling the background economic context, and finally, considering technological advances throughout the period, most significantly gunpowder and ship design. All these factors played important roles in the establishment of the distinct empires, but each area was influenced by them to varying degrees at different stages. The desire for economic gain dominated the establishment and
Famine and the Black Death: Social and Economic Change in Medieval England.
Famine and the Black Death: Social and Economic Change in Medieval England The fourteenth century was a significant period of economic, social and demographic changes, following several serious epidemics, which affected many parts of Europe. It is probable that the Black Death of 1348-9 was the most significant cause of economic distress due to very high mortality rates. The key disparity in historian's views for this period was whether the Black Death acted as a cause for transitional social change or whether the foundations of social transition had been embedded prior to 1348, thus acting merely as a catalyst. The four books under review were all published within a twenty-year period, from 1977-1996. Whilst focusing upon slightly different chronological periods, they are brought together through consciously discussed thematic approaches, which overlap and indeed, compliment each other. For example, two great events of the first half of the fourteenth century; the Great Famine 1315-22 and the Black Death 1348-9, immediately identify issues of mortality and subsequently, the extent of this impact upon medieval people and their communities. Chronologically, these books are also interlinked. From William Jordan's study concerning the Great Famine of 1315-22, to Bruce Campbell's edited book which acts as a watershed between the expansive demographic and economic trends
Political Catalysts of the Witch Hunt in Early Modern Europe
Political Catalysts of the Great Witch Hunt in Early Modern Europe Witchcraft was an almost universally held belief during the early modern period, and the 'crime' of witchcraft was responsible for the prosecution and execution of thousands of individuals - mainly women - in the period 1450 to 1750. Although certain rational thinkers firmly proclaimed their disbelief (for example, Cyrano de Bergerac, 1619-1655, in his Letter against Witches: No, I do not remotely believe in witches, even though many great persons have not been of my opinion, and I defer to no one's authority, unless accompanied by reason .... Reason alone is my queen ....)1 Others (for example, Joseph Glanvill, although also a rationalist and founding member of the Royal Society), held that Those that dare not bluntly say, "There is no God" content themselves (for a fair step and introduction) to deny that there are spirits and witches."2 In other words, disbelieving in witches was tantamount to disbelieving in God. Although Cyrano's opinion eventually became the orthodoxy, at the time Glanvill's was the conventional view. This gave people from the highest to the lowest levels in any country in Christendom the justification, even the duty, to persecute those of whom they disapproved, whether for political, financial or personal reasons, under the very convenient blanket accusation of witchcraft. In this
Can We Distinguish Between a ‘Revolution’ and a ‘Social Movement’? To What Extent Can It Be Argued That the Age of Revolutions Is Over?
CAN WE DISTINGUISH BETWEEN A 'REVOLUTION' AND A 'SOCIAL MOVEMENT'? TO WHAT EXTENT CAN IT BE ARGUED THAT THE AGE OF REVOLUTIONS IS OVER? The course of world history has been marked by different types of revolution brought about by dramatic economic, social, political or cultural events. Notable examples include the Glorious Revolution of 1688, the French Revolution 1787-91, the Russian Revolution 1917, the agricultural and industrial revolutions of the 19th century, the cultural revolution in China and the technological revolution of the late 20th century. The simple definition of revolution being 'an instance of great change in affairs or in some particular thing' 1applies to all the above examples. A movement is defined as 'a series of actions and endeavours by a body of persons, tending more or less continuously towards some special end.'2 An initial comparison of these definitions would suggest a clear distinction and yet a clear connection between revolutions and social movements, as they are both motivated by a desire to change situations, but revolutions are the end product of just certain successful social movements. A more precise definition by Della Porta states that a movement is 'an organised and sustained effort of a collectivity of interrelated individuals, groups and organisations to promote or resist social change with the use of public protest
Discuss the process by which the Kings of the Scots formed the Kingdom of Scotland. Assess Broun's view that a broad sense of Scottish ethnicity may only have developed in response to Edward I's wars.
Question Four: Discuss the process by which the Kings of the Scots formed the Kingdom of Scotland. Assess Broun's view that a broad sense of Scottish ethnicity may only have developed in response to Edward I's wars. According to Ptolemy there were north of the Fourth 10 tribes. Oceanus Ducaledonians, Carnonacae, Cornavii, Smertae, Lugi, Creones, Decantae, Taezali,Caledonai, Vacomagi. To Ptolemeys estimates can be added others such as Damoni, Selgovae, Votadini, Novantae, Brigantes and Epidii1 Roman records and doubtlessly these are only a small number of and mabey not even representative of the peoples living in the region known then as Caledonia and now as Scotland. Lynch2 identifies the Kingdom of Fortru as being the core area which expands to provide the Royal line for the overlords of the Scotland to be. The puzzle of the Pictish people is one which has not been adequately solved by historians. The Picts (so named because of the use of body paint in warfare) were at one stage the prime people of the region but from after, as far as can be ascertained the rule of Kenneth MacAlpine c.839, these people cannot be traced in any firm way. A popular origin myth is that the Scottish gens established in Argyll and later as overlords were part of a mass-migration from Ireland however there is no archeological evidence for this3. Many early historical texts make mention of
Patricia Schreckengost
The View of Humans during the Scientific and Industrial Revolutions Two periods in European history changed the way humans lived, viewed the world, and viewed themselves-the Scientific and Industrial Revolutions. Although the general focus of the two revolutions is different, the following text overview the two periods, details how the first influenced the latter, and narrates what made the two time spans differ. Setting of the Scientific Revolution The period known as the Scientific Revolution was influential in establishing a foundation for modern science. The advances of the Scientific Revolution influenced how humans viewed Earth, God, animals, plants, and themselves. The When and the Where The exact period of the Scientific Revolution varies based upon the source read, but the main phase of scientific advances occurred during the seventeenth century (Henry 1). The Scientific Revolution began to develop in the sixteenth century and continued to progress on into the eighteenth century (Henry 1). The Scientific Revolution is primarily a European concept, but the effects of the time influenced scientific thought and study throughout the world (Spielvogel 571). For the purpose of this essay, the focus is on the European Scientific Revolution. Basic Focus and Causes of the Scientific Revolution Although the Scientific Revolution encompassed many new ideas, finding
China's political, social and economic problems
Q. what are the domestic and external economic foundations upon which China is building its success, what economic, social, and political problems has this process of structural adjustment encountered, and how has the government tried to overcome them? Name In this essay I will argue about the domestic and external economic foundations upon which China is building its success. The People's Republic of China has one of the fastest growing economies in the world. China's huge and consistent economic growth reflects the success of China's economic reforms. Economic growth of China since the early 80s is remarkable. "Real GDP per capita grew by 8% to 9.5% annual growth in the 1978-1995 and 1989-98 periods respectively"(1). Whereas the major economic reforms in the 1980s concentrated on the introduction of market mechanisms, key reforms since 1993 focused on economic efficiency and sustainable growth. The aim of the essay is to find out firstly the theory of the domestic and external economic foundations. Secondly, what economic, social, and political problems have this process of structural adjustment encountered, and finally my argument and how has the government tried to overcome them? However, China had experienced high inflation and external deficits in the late 1980s which raised questions about the viability of Chinese government's ambitions to sustain strong growth.
