Assess the impact of World War One on Europe's colonial presence in Africa.
Assess the impact of World War One on Europe's colonial presence in Africa. " A free, open-minded, and absolutely impartial adjustment of all colonial claims, based upon a strict observance of the principle that in determining all such questions of sovereignty the interests of the populations concerned must have equal weight with the equitable claims of the government whose title is to be determined".1 The impact that the First World War had on Europe's colonial presence in Africa was quite immense. It lead to changes inn the African opinion of Europeans. It also lead to changes in trade that were not to the benefit to Europe's colonial presence in Africa. By comparing the years before and after World War One we can see the impact this had on Europe's Colonial presence in Africa. World War One broke out in the summer of 1914. It began because several nations of Europe had differences that could not be settled by peaceful means. Many tried to stop it right up to the moment that the first soldiers passed into territory of the enemy, but their efforts were to no avail. There were deep and painful conflicts among the countries of Europe that led to the unprecedented calamity of a war that lasted four and a half years, that killed more Europeans and Africans than any event since and that altered the shape of European life forever. The results of World war one lasted well into
What do you understand by the notion of an invented tradition?
Assignment 04 What do you understand by the notion of an 'invented tradition'? In what ways have Irish nationalists used 'invented traditions' to shape a common understanding of the national past? My understanding of invented tradition is that of certain practises or certain ideals that are not necessarily particularly widespread or prevalent in society yet are encouraged or appropriated by a state or group of people to suit a certain ends or to promote a certain ideal that fits in with the image the state or group of people wishes to promote of itself. These invented traditions serve the function of providing a link with a suitable past or establishing a sense national or group identity through shared heritage. Examples of such invented traditions are apparent in the resurrection of the Independent Irish state of 1922. It is the aim of this essay to highlight some of these invented traditions and to shed some light on the purpose they served for those who implemented them. The catalyst for the outbreak of revolution in Ireland in the Easter Rising of 1916 was twofold, firstly the desire to drive the British Empire from Irish soil, and secondly to establish, or as the Nationalists may say, resurrect an independent Irish state. The first part was achieved eventually in 1922 with the creation of the Irish Free State but only after much sacrifice and with the exception of six
How far do the sources support the idea that Germany was war like and aggressive in its foreign policy in the years 1899-1914?
History Coursework Assignment Unit 3C: The Origins of the First World War, 1878-1914. Part A: Assessment Objective 2 How far do the sources support the idea that Germany was warlike and aggressive in its foreign policy in the years 1899-1914? Source A was written by the German chancellor in December 1899. This makes the source reliable because it was written by a high-ranking German official who had first-hand knowledge of what was going on with Germany's foreign policy. December 1899 was when the naval laws were passed in Germany, and Bulow is speaking to the German parliament in order to try and get these laws passed so that Germany could build up its Navy. The fact that Bulow is discussing Germany's need for a Navy because of their fear of encirclement shows that perhaps Germany was aggressive in its foreign policy then, and it shows their possible future intentions of attacking other countries. The tone of the piece is quite aggressive, and a lot of battle talk is used, "the German nation will either be the hammer or the anvil"; Germany will either have to strike or be hit, which could be interpreted as Germany getting ready for battle. However the source may not necessarily be referring directly to war, just the fact that Germany felt they must re-arm and prepare for military expansion in order to toughen up and be ready for any kind of attack, but this is still
The “Big Three” Did Not Get the Treaty They Wanted Because, “the Leaders Were Too Different- They Couldn’T Have Got All They Wanted and Someone Was Bound To Be Disappointed.
The "Big Three" did not get the treaty they wanted because, "the leaders were too different- they couldn't have got all they wanted and someone was bound to be disappointed." I chose this option because I have learn and read that, Clemenceau (Prime Minster of France), did not get on well with Wilson (President of USA) and Lloyd George (Prime Minster of Britain.) Also Wilson and Lloyd George did not agree on some matters. Evidence to support my choice is that, Clemenceau did not agree with Wilson on many issues. For example: Wilson's more generous attitude towards Germany. Wilson had this view because he was worried that if the treaty was too harsh on Germany, some day she would recover and want revenge. He believed that nations should co-operate to achieve world peace. He also proposed the setting up of the "League Of Nations." Other evidence is that Clemenceau partially clashed with Lloyd George over Lloyd George's desire not to treat Germany to harshly. For example: Clemenceau said, "if the British are so anxious to appease Germany they should look overseas and make colonial, naval or commercial concessions." Wilson and Lloyd George did not agree because Lloyd George was partially unhappy about point number two of the fourteen points. Point number two was, "free access to the sea in peace and wartime." Similarly Wilson's view on people ruling themselves was somewhat
What effects did World War I have on social classes?
What effects did World War I have on social classes? Discuss in an essay of no more than 2000 words World War I, the Great War, the War to end all Wars", each of these soubriquets has been used to describe the conflagration that exploded on the world, or more particularly, European stage in 1914 following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo in June 1914. However, why should this conflict have an impact on the world that was greater in its significance than any of the myriad conflicts that had taken place in the preceding centuries, leaving aside the important fact that Europe, in the previous century had enjoyed relative calm when compared to the period that began with Churchill's victory at Blenheim and ended with Napoleon's downfall at the hands of Wellington at Waterloo? The simple answer would be to state that the world had changed beyond recognition since 1815, the advent of nationalism that had grown throughout the later decades of the nineteenth century had given birth to a world that people born a few years earlier would not be able to recognise. In addition, industrialisation on a grand scale across Europe, following the lead of Britain in particular, meant that the armies that marched off to war were armed with weapons that had been unthinkable in the complexity and numbers and yet were becoming increasingly taken for granted. Indeed, Briggs
Account for the Bolshevik Success in October 1917.
Account for the Bolshevik Success in October 1917. October 1917 saw the occurrence of undoubtedly the most important event in Russian history, the Russian revolution. Following this revolution, the Bolshevik Party took power and the Soviet Union was created. This October revolution was hardly unexpected, however, as there had been two revolutions previous to it, and several events years before it can be examined as adding to its causes. The Bolsheviks' revolution attempt was the most successful, it was what the Russian people needed at the time, and its consequences can still be seen in Russia today. The first revolution attempt in Russia occurred in 1905, when several strikes broke out amongst workers, and other revolutionary attempts occurred all through the year and all over Russia. As Christopher Read perfectly states in From Tsar to Soviets, "The events of 1905 were essentially a series of separate incidents sparked off by a common stimulus, the perceived weakness of the authorities and the manifest need for change". One of the most famous revolutionary events of 1905 was the mutiny on the naval ship Potemkin in Odessa, when the crew of the ship struck up faith in the anti-government opposition by causing a violent uprising in the city (Harcave, 1965: 155). These first revolutionary events were caused by the discontent of the Russian people over the Tsar, Nicholas II,
Women in Nazi Germany - The verdict on women contribution in Nazi Germany.
Women in Nazi Germany: The verdict on women contribution in Nazi Germany : A PLAN OF INVESTIGATION: To what extent where Women victims in Nazi Germany? Kaiser Wilhelm II, Germany's last Kaiser, defined the role for women as "Kirche, Küche, Kinder" 1, this came true during Nazi era. Hitler, an anti-feminist, was very clear about their role as women, he thought wanted Germany to become more powerful, therefore the population had to increase for the country to succeed in having economic and military power. Women were, therefore, forced to out of the labour force and have children. Hitler reduced women's social activity to a purely biological purpose. It was their duty to assure the future of the German race. This investigation will cover whether women of Germany were victims of the Nazi organization, with sources of a non-bias educational site and an article of a woman's bias opinions on how women were also culprits of WWII. An analysis should indicate whether or not women were the victims. B SUMMARY OF EVIDENCE: * Hitler was very clear about their role as women, he wanted Germany to become more powerful, therefore the population had to increase for the country to succeed in having economic and military power. * Women were then forced to out of the work force, to bear the children of the Nazis. * Hitler reduced women's social activity to a purely reproductive
What factors contributed to the rise of fascism in Europe?
What factors contributed to the rise of fascism in Europe? The rise of fascism during the twentieth century has attracted the attention of countless distinguished academics from all over the world. Fascist movements and governments have emerged in many forms and in many countries throughout the twentieth century, and although the most memorable fascist dictatorships surfaced in the form of Hitler's Germany and Mussolini's Italy, it should be borne in mind that fascism also appeared elsewhere. For example, Spain endured many years under Franco; Austria and Portugal succumbed to similar fascist fates during the Second World War era; abortive fascist movements existed in countries such as the United Kingdom; France and the Benelux region encountered fascism through Nazi occupation during World War II; and in more recent years, the Balkans have experienced fascist dictatorships during the wars of the 1990s. Hagtvet and Rokkan assert that during the run-up to and the duration of the Second World War, five nations (Germany, Italy, Austria, Spain and Portugal) all succumbed to the same fate of monolithic control after the failure of mass democracy in these countries.1 They argue that these countries were all historically, economically and politically pre-disposed to fascist forms of government. However, in this relatively short essay we do not have the time or space to examine this
Was Britain in splendid isolation under Lord Salisbury - 1885 90?
Was Britain in splendid isolation under Lord Salisbury - 1885 90? In a speech at Lewes on February 26, 1896, in defence of the government's foreign policy Goschen, the First Lord of the Admiralty, after first noting the need for negotiation and for vigilant defence, went on to speak on the subject of Britain's isolation. 'Our isolation', he said, 'if isolation it be, was self-imposed. It arose out of our unwillingness to take part in Bismarck's "log rolling" system. We are not good at the game, and so, while they are all bartering favour for favour, promise for promise, we have stood alone in that which is called isolation- our splendid isolation, as one of our Colonial friends was good enough to call it. Let us look the matter in the face. We cannot make alliances unless we are prepared to give as well as receive.... Why are we isolated? We are isolated because we will not promise things which possibly we might be unwilling to perform. We are isolated because we do not wish to take part in certain proceedings. But if it comes to some of these great questions that might strike at our great power, our life, our influence, I do not believe we should find ourselves without allies.' From the above speech it is clear that Goschen thought Britain's isolation far from complete. Certainly there are two different ways of looking at the issue of isolation: historians have often
Reading Poetry
Part 2 Reading Poetry: The Faber book of Beasts Explain what the poem is about and consider whether you think the poem is more traditional or dissenting. Edwin Muir's "The Horses" provides a story starting with pessimistic view of the nuclear holocaust, continues with the story of survivors and their move back to the life before technology, and ends with an optimistic image of the future after. In his poetry, beneath the story of his life he saw the fable of man-Eden, the fall, the journey through the labyrinth of time. Muir made much use of his dreams and of myths, for in them the fable is most clearly seen. (Christianson, 2004) In this poem, the poet relates to his temporal experiences -the Second World War and his perception of an underlying timeless reality. Muir experienced to the full the fear of the twentieth century: the Wars, new regimes, and changes in the world. In "The Horses" he describes a vision of life after the nuclear holocaust. The idea to go back to the nature after the war probably was based on Muir's feelings that "a larger unity-between the human community and the animals and the natural surroundings." (Christianson, 2004) The poem has no rhyme schemes or conventional metres as it is written in a blank verse, and it is divided into two. The first verse presents a picture of the pessimistic world after the nuclear holocaust - "war that put the world