Philosopher comparison chart

role for women as maternal-same historical context-  De Gourges -wrote revolutionary text on rights of women-her book is called: A vindication of the Rights of Women-rise of democracy-Associated with Am + Fr. Revolution (50, 40 yrs)-rise of popular sovereignty -suffrage gets expanded-Rise of popular newspaper-increased literacy -On liberty- personal rights has a  new enemythe ppl themselves-old enemy defeated (powers of kings, clerics, arist.)-proposed bill in parl. To allow ppl to voteHUMAN NATURE-humans have very small capacity to reason, not rational (pg 72, 74 in packet)-creatures of emotion and feeling-men produce goods even when they don’t have immediate needs→ separates man from animal-humans have capacity to be creative-4 types of alienation1. alienation of the worker from the product of his work2. alienation of the worker from the activity of production3. alienation of the worker from his “species-being” or human identity4. alienation of man from man-integrationalist (integration between blacks and whites, he still have hope in the right race)-christ notion of universal love-non-violent resistance-all Christians, black and white are capable of universal love--separatist (races have to be separate)-emphasizes that blacks can do civil rights movement themselves-All humans, whether men or women are rational-Reject ideas of previous thinkers that women are weak by nature (intellectually)-there is an inequality physically, but not mentally-All humans, whether men or women are rational-Reject ideas of previous thinkers that women are weak by nature (intellectually)-there is an inequality physically, but not mentally-idea of women being mentally weak comes from socialization, not from actual truth-ppl have natural rights-discusses issue of authenticity-all human beings are rational but we are also fallible (386)PURPOSE OF STATE-keep order-restrain and suppress individual passion because people are irrational-basis of government not based on abstract ideas, metaphysical rights but on experience of past(353) and (72-73)-people need to respect the state’s authority-reality: to serve and protect economic and political interests of the dominant class (449)-ideal: in a classless society there is no dominant class so there is no state. -in favor of reform -extends right and opportunities for women (locke’s theory applied on women)-in favor of reform -extends right and opportunities for women (locke’s theory applied on women)-provide education for all children-tyranny of the majority is suppressing the minority-protect freedom of speech-protect fundamental rights of everyone including women-suppress the majority so we cant invade the minority’s rightWHO SHOULD RULE-no preference, govt that has been around should rule-people with experience rather than expertise (opp of plato)(353, 72-73 pkt)-Ultimately, temporary dictatorship of the proletarian and eventually, no state because it is a communist utopia-anyone who promotes non violence and equality for all races-black measures to bring about equality but separation for races-no preference, so long as basic rights upheld for both men and women-both sexes can rule-no preference, so long as basic rights upheld for both men and women-both sexes can rule-to have legitimacy, the govt must include the people-popular sovereignty→ the people decide who should rule→ monarchs, nobles + clergy are agents of tyranny-mill supports limited democracy with safeguards that prevent the majority from infringing on nights of minority (379-380)INDIVIDUAL VS. COMMUNITY-people do not have natural rights → do not exist-natural rights are abstract ideas made by intellectuals -people cannot choose gov.-community over individual-community has a sense of history-community: favors the happiness and equality of the community over individual wealth and happiness-individual rights of women and men should be the same-women educated-individual rights of women→ some rights as men-women educated-community→ everyone should have free education where both sexes have education together -support for individual rights-harm principle → the community can only infringe upon the individuals rights if the individual causes physical or economic harm-sanctity of the individual-no one can tell the individual what to do-but you can argue and persuade him