Gandhi and the Partition of India". New Delhi: Sterling Publishers Private Ltd. 1984.
Chaudhri, Sandhya. "Gandhi and the Partition of India". New Delhi: Sterling Publishers Private Ltd. 1984. The first two chapters address factors of Hindu-Muslim contention, their growing differences and Gandhi's nascent endeavors to resolve the quandary of communalism in India. The next chapter deals with the emergence and evolution of ideas concerning the establishment of Pakistan as an independent homeland for Muslims. Chapter 4 entails an analysis of British efforts to resolve the question of India-Paksitan partition through the Cripps Offer and Gandhi's reaction to it. In the following chapter provides a gloss of the Quit India Movement and its effect on political developments on this issue. In Chapter 6, an overview of Rajagopalachari's formula and Gandhi's dialogue with the League leader for arriving at a settlement of the communal problem is discussed. The final three chapters include a survey of the British approach toward the settlement of the Indian tangle through the Wavell offer, the Cabinet Mission Plan and the Mountbatten Plan-each followed by Gandhi's reaction. Chaudhri presents an extended overview of the process whereby India split into two nations. To compliment the process, he uses Gandhi as a gauge to measure and access failure and success in keeping India united. Through evaluating the Muslim League's campaign for a separate homeland, while
'Polygamy is a fundamental right of a husband and is sanctioned by the Quran itself'. Discuss.
'Polygamy is a fundamental right of a husband and is sanctioned by the Quran itself'. Discuss. This essay shall aim to assess the presence of verses within the Quranic text pertaining to polygamy against the wider array of literature concerning polygamy found in the Prophetic tradition and modern legislation as symbolized in forms of 'ijtihad' or 'qiyas', which are "all forms of methodological reasoning on the basis of the Quran and Sunna"1. It shall subsequently be shown how such reasoning sanctioning polygamy has been challenged by actors in the increasingly secularised nation states of the Middle Eastern region and how such opposition is embodied in the various respective codes of legislation. It shall be shown that whilst the Quran has sanctioned polygamy, it is nevertheless imperative to contextualise both the verses and anecdotes alluding to such a practice in order contextualise the polygamous phenomenon. Furthermore, even though the various schools of thought have endorsed the practice as legal regardless of the reasons for concluding a polygamous marriage, such a phenomenon has rightly been challenged by those states where Islamic law is pertinent to at least the civil realm of life, as they fear that the practice itself has been taken out of its original intended context, which shall be discussed at length below. It shall serve firstly to state that the
'Few Historians think no progress is being made towards truth, but even history's keenest devotees know objectivity is unattainable' (Lowenthal) Discuss.
'Few Historians think no progress is being made towards truth, but even history's keenest devotee's know objectivity is unattainable' (Lowenthal) Discuss. Alex Eisenberg V11101 Learning History Dr Karen Adler School of History 'Few Historians think no progress is being made towards truth, but even history's keenest devotees know objectivity is unattainable' (Lowenthal) Discuss. The ultimate conclusion for an historian is to conclude that he or she has found the truth. This however is an unattainable goal. No historian will ever be able to find what was the real truth because we cannot know the reality of the past. Two reasons help us explain this, firstly, because the past has gone we are unable verify any claim that we make, therefore we cannot be sure what the 'truth' is. Secondly, whatever evidence the historian cannot be using is not objective. It has been created by other humans who are subject to the same fallibility that the modern day historian is also subject to. Lowenthal's statement recognises these two ideas but also present is the idea that the historian is 'progressing' towards the truth. The idea of 'progress' simply suggests that historians are moving towards 'truth'. In order to understand this we have to realise that 'history is less than the past because only a tiny fraction of events have been noted...'1, so to know the truth we, at the very least,
In support Of Gun Ownership
In support Of Gun Ownership Specific Goals: I want to encourage gun ownership. Introduction I. What is the foundation of modern technology? It's the history of the gun. Thesis Statement: I will persuade you in that, (1) federal gun control laws are unconstitutional, and (2) I will prove the 2nd Amendment is both a "State" and "Individual Right." Body I.The foundation of our country is based in English Bill of Rights and the American Revolution. A. What is the difference between the Declaration of Independence, the U. S. Constitution and the "Bill of Rights?" . The Declaration of Independence gives the reasons, as to why America wanted seperation. 2. The Constitution gives the federal government certain powers. 3. The "Bill of Rights" limited the power of the federal government. B. The views of gun control advocates. . Gun control saves lives. 2. When America was founded guns only shot one bullet at a time. 3. Gun control will keep guns out of the hands of criminals. 4. Children should not have guns. 5. Gun control will reduce the hazards to law enforcement. 6. If citizens carry guns, there will be daily shoot-outs in the streets. 7. We don't want to ban deer rifles, just assault rifles. 8. Why do you need an assault rifle? 9. The entertainment industry is not at fault, it's the gun's fault! 0. The 2nd is a collective right and not an "Individual Right."
Describe the visit in the Quaker Meeting House and assess the relevance of visiting religious communities for the study of religions.
Describe the visit in the Quaker Meeting House and assess the relevance of visiting religious communities for the study of religions. In order to try and give a full and balanced account of my visit I have attempted to discuss what I observed, what occurred, the experience of my revisit and practical participation in a normal Sunday "Silent Worship", and my conclusions. The Quaker house Set in a quiet backstreet of Central Bangor in the middle of a row of terraced houses, sits the plain, unassuming Quaker house. Through a small porch way, leading to an entrance hall furnished with a wooden plaque containing several different pamphlets and booklets, all informing us about the U.K. Quakers. Once inside the building is set on two levels, the downstairs consisting of a mainly unfurnished large room with adjacent kitchen, and the worship / business room where on arrival we were directed to enter. Approximately 45 ft by 25 ft with high ceilings, decorated with modern wooden beams and mainly bare walls with the only reference to religion being a copy of the bible which sat on a sparse wooden table in the room's centre alongside a plant. All the seating was arranged facing inwards towards a "space" with the table resting at the centre. Two large patio doors on one side and several high windows supplied ample light. An upright piano rested in one corner of the room which
An Interpretation on Number of Women Scientists in Turkey, Finland and Russia
An Interpretation on Number of Women Scientists in Turkey, Finland and Russia Being curious living things, human beings have always questioned the world and the universe. Either women or men, people have searched for more knowledge since prehistoric times. Science in the early times started with scholars and their schools of teaching and thinking. In those times, science was mostly to understand more basic entities in the world as compared today's science, which tries to understand from the smallest part of the universe to the whole universe. Looking science with this approach, science should be a concern for everybody. However, there have been some branches of academia regarded as masculine, like mathematics, physics and some feminine like psychology and literature. According to Wiesner (2002), these distinctions are due to cultural norms, technological developments; religious and intellectual currents, economic institutions, and popular beliefs. Science, likewise being the money-supplier of family, had been men's work many times in the history. For instance, from the fourteenth to mid-eighteenth century, Europe women could not be employed in occupations requiring university or former education, even education was thought to be needless for women (Wieser, 2002). However, this does not imply that women had never dealt with scientific issues. Besides, there had
Is Islam the cause of the 'Clash of Civilizations?'
Is Islam the cause of the 'Clash of Civilizations?' By Namit Sachar Following the end of the cold war, several thinkers proclaimed that the world had entered a new phase in which there would be no major conflicts; Francis Fukuyama wrote a book proclaiming that it was the 'end of history' (The end of history?,1989). The idea was that in a unipolar world, with no superpower rivalry to fuel them, economic activity would be everyone's prime concern and any conflicts would be localized and brought under control. This utopian vision was soon contradicted by the outbreak of religious and ethnic conflicts in many parts of the world including Yugoslavia, the Caucasus, Kashmir, Indonesia and parts of Africa. These, especially the conflict in Yugoslavia seemed to indicate that old ethnic and religious rivalries that had been kept in check under superpower dominance were now coming to the fore. Faced with this reality, some political scientists in the west tried to explain them in terms of civilizations rather than economic and political terms or ideologies that dominated the cold war era. One of these is Samuel Huntington's clash of civilizations thesis expounded in his well-known book clash of civilizations (1993). According to Huntington the world may be seen as being composed of civilizations that overlay nation states. He identifies several of these civilizations including the
Ethics in Religion
Interviewing someone of another religion, not the easiest task, especially when in some form or another religion is deeply rooted in almost all humans. To interview someone from another religion takes patience, understanding, the ability to listen, and above all tolerance. Those are just a few of the keys I noticed myself using during my interview with a man whom I not only respect but also call a friend and co-worker. His name is Nick. Nick grew up in Waupun, WI. One in a family of four, he attended a Methodist church as a child until the age of ten before he was not made to go any longer. Nick now considers himself nothing (Atheist), at twenty seven years old church means nothing to him; he doesn't use the term or concept of God except to swear with. When the question "Why don't you believe in God" was asked Nick simply stated "Never saw him do anything worth believing." The largest religious influence in Nick's life and the one who took him to church is his mother, who still attends church services on holidays. The only tradition is she gives Nick and his brother one present on Christmas. The gift exchange is one sided he tells me as his brother and him do not give a gift back for Christmas although they do give their mother things throughout the year. Nick enjoys the presents he gets from his mother at Christmas but he never had much interest in the Christian aspect.
Why were the topics of human nature and morality so important in the enlightened thought?
Why were the topics of human nature and morality so important in the enlightened thought? Up to the eighteenth century Western Europe, Christianity was the stronghold and guide for issues concerning life in general. To be more specific, religion was the long rooted base for morality and had its own description of human nature. Diverse factors contributed to the destabilisation of the Church's status quo, thus enabling the expression of individual thought. In fact, Christianity not any longer detained the monopole over human lifestyles, leading to the rise of a vast debate relating to the questions of how to lead a life and man's position in the universe. Naturally, when looking throughout mankind history there have always been discussions and conflicts within the institutions and there have been changes. Nevertheless, what happened during the Age of Reason is incomparable with previous ages as Reason became conscious, and not any longer only accessible to aristocracy and the Church, but also to a rising bourgeoisie. The first part of my essay demonstrates the importance of the religious institution (establishment), as well as some socio-economical factors that have participated in the weakening of Christianity. These aspects are believed to have led to the emancipation of Reason, therefore to the debate of a new society. The question is whether morals and the perception of
America and Gun Control.
Rachel Corbin Social Problems Gun Control 2 February 2003 America and Gun Control Amendment II A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. The debate of gun control laws ignites a volatile controversy amongst the American people. Fewer topics raise more emotional debate than the subject of gun control. The Second Amendment grants the "right to bear arms" however, the question remains about who is given this right. Is the right to bear arms given exclusively to the militia or to all the people? This question brings the issue of who should be trusted with fire arms, the people or the government? There is no evidence from the writings of the Founding Fathers that one must belong to a well regulated militia in order to have the right to keep and bear arms. The Founders were simply expressing a preference for a militia over a standing army. The first clause regarding the militia is merely one, and not the only, rationale for preserving the right to own firearms. The second clause, granting "the right of the people to keep and bear arms" applies to our nation on the individual level. We have the right to own guns for recreational purposes, such as hunting, and for self defense against intruders, or corrupted governments. It is our duty as citizens of the United