Congresses were held to resolve quarrels. At Aix-la-Chapelle, France was allowed to the Quintuple Alliance that was when the occupation of France ended. Only Austria, Prussia and Russia met at St Petersburg in 1825 the last meeting of the Congress, which was an unsuccessful effort to resolve their problems. It was the loss of the Congress traditional function that identifies nationalism and liberalism as the reasons for its destruction.
2) During October and December 1820, a meeting of the Holy Alliance powers was held at Troppau in Silesia at which the Troppau protocol, a declaration of intention to take collective action against revolution. Attended by Francis I of Austria, Alexander I of Russia and Frederick William III of Prussia, their foreign ministers and observers from Britain and France, the congress decided to take action in Naples against the democratic revolution there in July 1820. Excluding France and Britain from its talks, it also adopted a protocol, generally declaring that states having undergone revolutions would be excluded from the European alliance, that the allied powers would not recognize illegal changes in such states and that the powers would use force to restore them to the alliance.
3) Britain and France were the only Great Powers which did not participate in the agreement. objected on principle to the suggested intensive action against the Neapolitan Liberals. Therefore she was represented by Stewart an ambassador in Vienna and the half-brother of the Foreign Secretary at the time known as . also had given no plenary powers to her representatives, though her policy was less clearly described. So, from the very beginning of the congress, it was clear that a division between the eastern and western powers was growing. Metternich's failure to convert Castlereagh to his views was now of secondary importance; the "free" powers being in agreement, it was safe to ignore the opinions of Britain and France, whose governments, whatever their opinion is, were restricted by constitutional forms. In a series of conferences, in which the representatives of Britain and France were not permitted was on the excuse that they were only authorised to "report," not to "decide".
4) The protocol was signed on 19th November and was held at Troppau.
On the whole the congress system itself had failed to cope with the problems.
No effort was made by the powers to give immediate effect to the principles expressed in the protocol and after it was officially announced the conferences were postponed. It was decided to continue them at the the following January.
The congress of Troppau had two direct results. One was the Austrian intervention in Naples and Piedmont with Congress approval to restore the kings concerned to their full powers and suppress the recently granted constitutions. The other was the split of the major powers in two. The system could not cope without a general agreement by all the Alliance. The main problem of course was, all the major powers had differing opinions and interests, who made certain a general agreement on a course of action was unlikely. Without such an agreement time would run out on the lifeline of the system.
5) Only Austria, Russia and Prussia signed the Troppau Protocol while Britain and France refused to do so as both were in favour of the forces of change which were liberalism and nationalism. This was one of their major fears of the three countries who signed the protocol as they supported conservatism; the force of continuity and were against the ideologies of liberalism and nationalism. They didn’t want any change in their governmental system even less a revolution. Their aim behind the Troppau Protocol was to keep away from the forces of change so that their citizens won’t get influenced with new political ideas. Even the fact of certain revolutions against the Bourbons which occurred in Spain and its colonies in South America seemed to be a threat to conservatism. While all this was happening secret societies were forming the mostly known was the Carbonari. All in all one can conclude that no form of agreement could be reached as long as both forces accept each others opinions.
