All plays are written in order to be performed and in this sense, The School for Scandal is one of the best examples in order to show it.
All plays are written in order to be performed and in this sense, The School for Scandal is one of the best examples in order to show it. The play was performed for the first time in 1777 at Drury Lane Theatre, where Sheridan worked as a manager, after Garrick´s retirement in 1776, together with Thomas King, the actor that played the role of Sir Peter Teazle in the first performance of The School for Scandal. The Drury Lane was one of the most important theatres of that time. This engraving shows the theatre after it was remodeled and redecorated in 1775, a few years before The School for Scandal was performed. The Drury Lane suffered a series of changes and remodelations to fit into the new king of theatre of the late Eighteenth century. All these advantages conditioned the text, so it is important to study them in detail. Although at that time the apron was disappearing, establishing more distance with the audience, due to Wren´s proscenium, the Drury Lane had an apron or forestage projected about twelve feet into the auditorium. It was retained because of the advantages in greter audiability and closer intimacy with the public. It also kept the ´aside´ effective. This print belongs to the screen scene (act IV, scene iii) and it shows the screen itself on the curtain-line, Joseph near the proscenium door and Sir Peter and Charles on the curtain-line, so it is easy to
"...widespread acceptance is that sport is of public value and it is this value that underpins the argument for legal protection." Discuss
"...widespread acceptance is that sport is of public value and it is this value that underpins the argument for legal protection."1 Sport's role in society can be traced back to the ancient times. Games played by the early Greeks were grounded in mythology and religious beliefs. Held in conjunction with festivals, they involved prayer, sacrifices and ritual feasts. As popularity at Olympia grew, they adopted further social, political and economic importance. Romans developed this, packaging sport in military training and appealing to the masses.2 Today's highly 'commercialised', 'trans-national' and enlarged Europe remains extremely sporting. Arguably, sport confers a sense of 'unity', transcending social loyalties, perhaps, the very lynchpin of a hegemonic system, while technology allows the media -particularly through television broadcasting 'sacrosanct' events3 - to remain central in reproducing this 'unity'. Consequently, free-to-air broadcasting4 and sport have enjoyed "a unique symbiosis".5 While globalisation and market liberalisation expand potential consumer markets, growing competition for broadcasting rights raises a further issue.6 Is the mere public's interest in watching sport a sufficient reason to require availability on television free of charge and legally protected?7 If so, does that right flow, as Lord Hoffman suggested, from 'citizenship'?8 Conversely,
"A duty of care arises not merely when damage is reasonably foreseeable, but when it is just and reasonable to impose liability" Critically discuss.
INTRODUCTION As seen occurring for the past decade, the doctrine of duty of care occupies principles that are disproportionate to the importance in tort cases which comes to court. Therefore, where decisions have been appealed and overruled this would affect the whole structure of development of negligence law. Every potential new duty of care allowed has the effect of increasing the numbers of tort cases being brought in the future. This proves that tort plays an important role in society. As a result of such circumstances, the courts are faced with considerable problems having to decide between doing justice in individual cases or prevent a vast increase in the number of future cases, which are policy reasons1. Therefore, to discover whether duty of care arises when it is reasonably foreseeable, or whether other policy reason would be taken into account to impose such duty, it is necessary to view the development of the law with regards to landmark cases as tort law is largely base on common law rather than statute base. The aim of the discussion would be towards how the courts create requirements and implications to impose duty of care through the evolving progression of principle ORIGIN OF NEGLIGENCE Negligence is a universal concept in the legal system and is largely concern with compensating people who suffered damage as a result of others' carelessness. But as a
"A pupil(TM)s disciplinary exclusion from school amounts to a clear denial of the child(TM)s right to education. Discuss.
"A pupil's disciplinary exclusion from school amounts to a clear denial of the child's right to education." Discuss. The right to education has been recognised and established in both international and domestic law. Exclusion is a contentious issue as it can endanger and disrupt this fundamental right for the often very vulnerable and troubled child. However, in considering whether exclusion leads to a true denial of that child's right to education we must examine both the process of exclusion and the provision of education provided to children following exclusion. We must also consider the extent to which allowing a disruptive child to remain in the classroom might infringe upon the right to education held by all other pupils. Essentially there is often a conflict of rights and interests in exclusion cases; an appropriate balance must be struck between them. This essay will establish the source of the right to education and consider its strength in UK law. The provision of education for excluded children will then be examined, with a focus on the exclusion process and alternative provision. I will consider whether the right to education can actually be said to be infringed by exclusion, and if it can be, whether such infringement is a necessary measure in protecting the rights of others. A Right to Education: Education has been recognised as a basic human right in
"All inchoate offences should be abolished on the theory that society is not harmed until the crime is completed" - Critically evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the above proposition.
"All inchoate offences should be abolished on the theory that society is not harmed until the crime is completed" Critically evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the above proposition using examples drawn from any of the inchoate offences of incitement, conspiracy and attempt. 'All inchoate offences should be abolished on the theory that society is not harmed until the crime is completed', during this essay I shall critically evaluate this statement, using examples from the inchoate offences of incitement, conspiracy and attempt. The definition of Inchoate offences, are the incomplete offences. I shall first explain the actus reus and the mens rea required for all the inchoate offences. The actus reus of conspiracy is the agreement with another or others that a course of conduct will be pursued, which if carried out by their instructions, will lead to an offence. The mens rea of conspiracy is intention, although in Anderson 1986 the House of Lords decided that the defendant was to be found guilty even when intention was not established. The actus reus of incitement is when the offender urges, suggests, persuades, etc. another to commit a crime. The mens rea of incitement is again intention, this intention is to bring about the required result. The actus reus of attempts exists when a party does an act, which is more than merely preparatory. Once again intention is the
"Assess the effectiveness of each type of law making process"
"Assess the effectiveness of each type of law making process" Theoretically, the two main types of law in society should work together to achieve justice and keep the community functioning smoothly. Generally this is successful as statute and common law balance out one another to suit the needs of the whole population. However, imagine a nation that operates entirely on only one type of law making process. Until each procedure is assessed, this does not sound such a radical notion, yet the truth reveals that not one class of law is entirely effective. Statute laws are passed by either the State of Federal Parliament, whereas common laws are made by judges according to precedent. When a decision is required in a courtroom, a judge cannot avoid a case. If they did, there would be no point in attending the hearing to have a dispute resolved. This is in contrast to the parliaments. If a controversial or sensitive topic arises in which a law should be made, the governing party may choose to ignore the issue to prevent a particular group in society becoming offended. The matter of reconciliation is a perfect example where the Liberal party have chosen to avoid making a treaty - or a binding contract, with the Aboriginal people of Australia. The issue will not cease to exist, so will continually be a subject of discussion and debate until it is resolved, however the current
"British company law has failed to come to grips with the problems posed by purely groups of companies - Adams v Cape Industries shows the dark side of this failure" - Explain and Discuss this Statement.
"British company law has failed to come to grips with the problems posed by purely groups of companies. Adams v Cape Industries shows the dark side of this failure" Explain and Discuss this Statement. In order to analyse the problems posed by groups of companies in British company law, it is essential to understand that the primary benefit of incorporation (excluding for the purposes of this work any fiscal advantages) is to acquire limited liability status. This essay will examine why the courts have been reluctant to "lift the veil" even if the interests of justice would seem to demand it. The starting point is that upon incorporation a metaphysical entity emerges from the ideas and aspirations of a human mind that is recognised, in law, as having a legal personality of its own, together with the rights, duties, obligations and liabilities that could normally be associated only with a natural person. Once created, the human mind(s) responsible retire into the background and control, as directors or shareholders, from a distance the creature created, receiving any profits yet safe in the knowledge that should the creature not behave as anticipated they are well protected and liable only to the limit of their shareholding or undertaking. The creature on the other hand, may wreak havoc upon the community; incurring liabilities of its own of many tens of millions of pounds
"Commercial English" - "Barnes & Noble vs. Amazon.com".
Abschlussarbeit Zum Proseminar "Commercial English" WS 2003/04 Prof. Weissenböck "Barnes & Noble vs. Amazon.com" Claudia Söls Austeingasse 33 8020 Graz 9912351 B 343 / 312 Joachim Gruber Körösistrasse 102/16 8010 Graz 0111382 B 343 /295 2. Februar, 2004 "Barnes & Noble vs. Amazon.com" Table of Contents . Introduction p. 3 2. Traditional Bookselling p. 3 2.1. Publishers p. 4 2.2. Wholesalers p. 4 2.3. Retailers p. 5 3. Barnes & Noble's Traditional Business Model(s) p. 6 3.1. Procurement and Logistics p. 6 3.2. Store Operations p. 7 3.3. Marketing p. 8 4. Amazon.com's Business Model(s) p. 9 4.1. Procurement and Logistics p. 10 4.2. Store Operations p. 10 4.3. Marketing p. 11 5. Barnes & Noble's Online Offensive p. 12 6. Amazon.com's Response p. 12 7. Conclusion p. 13 8. Appendix p. 14 . Introduction Our term paper will deal with the competition of the traditional bookseller Barnes & Noble and the web-based bookstore Amazon.com in online book retailing. Based on an article of the Harvard Business School1, we will take a closer look at bookselling in the US and we will show which measures are taken by the two companies to establish predominance in the online market for books. First, we will give some general information about bookselling. Then, we will look at the business models of Barnes & Noble and Amazon.com. Finally, we will
"Critically discuss the role and importance of international commercial arbitration as an alternative dispute settlement mechanism in international trade today."
INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS OF BUSINESS LAW Subject: "Critically discuss the role and importance of international commercial arbitration as an alternative dispute settlement mechanism in international trade today." Introduction Dealing with the role and importance of international arbitration as an alternative dispute settlement mechanism in international trade today raises two questions. First of all, the question of the "role" of international arbitration implies the following set of questions: Why arbitrate, in the sense of how can it be a better way of solving a commercial dispute than going before the court ? In other words, how does the arbitration make the dispute resolution between the given parties easier ? And what are the attractive attributes of international commercial arbitration ? As for the "importance", it is directly linked to the role of international arbitration through the enforceability of awards or judgments. Indeed, the international scope of arbitration depends on the willingness of the parties to favour this alternative dispute resolution and as a consequence, relies on the network of international arbitration treaties and "pro-arbitration" legislation around the world. No one would adopt such a settlement mechanism unless it could be recognised and enforced in its own country. Almost every international commercial controversy poses a critical
"Discuss The Differences Between Civil and Criminal Law in the English Legal System"
"Discuss The Differences Between Civil and Criminal Law in the English Legal System" There are many significant differences between civil and criminal law in the English Law System, the main being that criminal law is a case brought to an individual by The State and in civil cases an individual against another individual. Criminal law and civil law are two "different" types of law all together. Criminal and civil law have two totally different purposes. The purpose of criminal law is to allow people to live a orderly and ensure people can go about their everyday lives- road traffic rules, marriage rules, divorce law, consumption of alcohol, faulty goods and employment rules are all there to ensure an efficient society. Civil law is there to provide a system for individuals to resolve their disagreements in a way, which is both efficient and ultimate. Neighbour disputes and defamation (also known as libel and slander) are two examples of civil law. Criminal law also covers areas such as welfare, benefits, housing and education. The two branches of law have two different terminologies and sentencing. In criminal law the case is brought to the court written as "R v Nunn", the "R" stands for either Rex or Regina (King or Queen), this represents the State. The last part is the surname of the defendant. In a civil case the layout is the surnames of the claimant (first name) and
