The beauty of the Caribbean becomes an extended metaphor as Walcott starts to show that they are rotting; the inescapable fall. He conveys the thought of freshness through the use of ‘lime’ metaphor as to represent the original Caribbean society. Walcott soon conveys the ideas of memento mori to explore the decay of the dominance in the Caribbean. There is the ‘leprosy of Empire’ and the ‘imperious rakes are gone’ as well as there being the ‘rotting lime’. Although one could argue that these wordings are used to convey the difference between the nature of the Caribbean and the dominance powers; they can not overrule the nature, showing weakness in the colonialists. However, others argue that images of decay and rotting are to reflect on the silence on the Caribbean. They are not given a chance to express their own views, which in a way is also a type of oppression. Although they are not forced to say nothing, they are in a way oppressed by the dominance figures in the world that they have not been given a chance to share their sides of the story, hence the ‘ruins of the Great House’. ‘Ruins’ could suggest the physical ruins of the Great House but also the ruins left behind from the actual period which we have not yet discovered. This is what Rhys tries to do in her novel; she wanted to give voice back to the ‘women in the attic’ who did not have the chance to explain her side of the story.
Furthermore, oppression is shown through the ‘lime’ imagery as it shows the dominance of white colour in the Caribbean. Walcott uses images of things which go white to present dominance and oppression in the Caribbean such as ‘lime’ ‘Albion’ ‘leprosy’. They are all images of things which make people go white, showing White people’s dominance in the Caribbean and their colonisation as well as slave ownership. Through these use of images, Walcott conveys his own thoughts and opinion about the issues to do with slavery and its dominance and oppression in the Caribbean. In similar, Rhys presents Rochester’s appearance in the Caribbean as an ‘invasion’ and taking dominance in the household. Furthermore, Rochester’s narrative on his view of the Caribbean tended to be quite anglicized. He felt that the property looked like an ‘imitation of an English summer house’; this is quite similar to Walcott’s use of colour imagery and Rochester tries to find his dominance in the house by anglicising things in accordance to his preference. However, one of the key differences between Walcott and Rhys is that Rhys represents oppression as one of the psychological effect on Antoinette rather than a physical oppression. This is particularly visible when Antoinette has ‘die[d] many time. In [his] way, not in hers’, showing that he is making ‘use’ of Antoinette to his preference and thinks. This can be seen as a way of oppressing Antoinette psychologically as Antoinette can not get her thoughts across as Rochester only thinks however he wants to, and yet he manages to get what he wants. Walcott’s presentation of oppression is more physical. Furthermore, presentation of dominance and oppression differs as the attitude towards the ideas is presented differently. Walcott, although discontent at first, reconciles near the end with an understanding thought of the ‘Albion too was once/ A colony like ours’. On the other hand, Rhys portrays the negativity of having dominance and oppression in the Caribbean from the arrival of Rochester until his departure.
In ‘A Lesson for this Sunday’, Walcott presents the Caribbean society to be more oppressive. There are racial division by the use of specific colour term of ‘Black’ and the fact he writes ‘Black maid’ represents the post-colonial Caribbean society, under the oppressive dominance. Women are minimised as objects due to oppression. There are lots of violent vocabularies used such as ‘cries’, ‘scream’ and ‘grief’. This is similar to the animalistic use of vocabularies in the poem ‘Conqueror’; especially the theme on metal is influential on the presentation of dominance in the Caribbean society. The man are described to be ‘bronze, preside flayer of horses’, questioning their dominance; as strong as a metal. This is further extended by the use of metaphor as the ‘iron deliverer’, exploring the oppression which takes place in the society. Walcott puns on the word ‘deliverer’ to mean the European dominance in the Caribbean to ‘deliver’ safety. However, it could also mean that they were the ‘iron deliverer’ as in delivering the ‘iron’, the sword, into people. ‘A Lesson for this Sunday’ also uses the children as to be ‘sin[ful]’ characters in the poem. This reflects on the cruelty and oppression which had been carried out to sustain the dominance. The use of rhyme ‘Heredity of cruelty’ has a strong impact in representing the oppressive nature of the post-colonial society and how even the children are adapting to these ideas. This oppressive nature of the society in order to be able to sustain their dominance is also represented similarly in Wide Sargasso Sea. Rochester, by calling Antoinette ‘Bertha’, he oppresses her to be dominated by him; she has lost her identity. He recreates Antoinette to suit himself as he ‘think[s]s of [her] as Bertha’. This can be seen as psychological oppression, as she is forced to think of herself as someone who she is not; she is to comply with however Rochester wants to feel like. Rochester’s presentation of dominance is shown to be more psychological oppressiveness towards Antoinette whereas in Walcott’s poems, his dominance is represented by physical oppression.
In conclusion, Walcott presents dominance and oppression in the post-colonial society as a negative existence, although there seems to be some sense of grief and reconciliation. It is interesting to see how the similar view given by Walcott towards the negativity of dominance/oppression existence is also explored through Rhys. However, Rhys uses the format of the three parts in the novel, which can be seen as a way of showing dominance and oppression. Although Part one starts with Antoinette’s narrative, Rochester soon takes over in which the story is told in accordance of his conscious and feelings. Also, the fact that it is in the middle of the two parts of the Caribbean voices, it could suggest the White male dominance over the other narratives. Furthermore, Part 2 is the longest part of the three, showing the White man’s dominance over the Caribbean oppressing Antoinette to be more silent then she had probably given the opportunity to speak. On the other hand, Walcott’s presentation of dominance and oppression are more subtle as his poems are mostly written in the style of stream of consciousness thus the readers can view different perspectives and approaches towards dominance and oppression. Therefore, Rhys and Walcott present similar settings to the presence of dominance and oppression, but how their attitudes towards them are quite dissimilar.
