Comparison of approaches to writing about music and words
In this essay, I shall consider whether the music will always be more important than the words in the context of a ritual. I believe that the answer to this complex question is very much dependent on the ritual itself, and is also dependent on the viewpoint from which you are approaching the subject. For instance, composers of music for rituals may have different priorities to the people who attempt to control those rituals, particularly when they are in a religious context, and again the participants in the ritual may be looking for something else entirely. This could be as straightforward as simply feeling able to participate with confidence, which tends to come from familiarity with the ritual and its associated words and music. I aim to support this theory with evidence from the texts I have read and through a carefully considered discussion. Before discussing the question, I believe it is important to first consider what a ritual actually is. The dictionary definition of ritual is; "a religious or solemn ceremony consisting of a series of actions performed according to a prescribed order" " a prescribed order of performing such a ceremony, especially one characteristic of a particular religion or Church" "a series of actions or type of behaviour regularly and invariably followed by someone" Rituals, according to Bill Strang, tend to be "occasions on which people come
The Influence of Anne Fisher
Ann Fisher was the first female English grammarian (van Ostade, 2000). Her dissatisfaction towards the levels of education permitted to women led her to write A New Grammar (1745), in which she proposes some refreshing grammatical reforms which diverge from the traditional attempts to 'Latinise' English grammar. Her work contains "a practical method of teaching English grammatically" (1754: vii), which she, as a teacher, used "with uncommon Success, for some Years past" (1754: vi). She advises a progression from learning the simplest elements of the language, and gradually working towards the more complex structures. Thus, her grammar is divided into four sections: orthography, prosody, etymology and syntax. In the Preface, Fisher reinforces the Johnsonian view that language is bound by rules and it is the grammarian or lexicographer's purpose to prescribe these rules. This is seen when she states, "The Method of... expressing the Ideas of one Person to another... is universally called LANGUAGE - And the Art of doing the same by Rule, or in the Manner the best speakers and Writers express their Sentiments, is every where called GRAMMAR... (Fisher 1753: i). Fisher associates grammatical rules with "the best speakers and Writers", and such an attitude is also seen by Priestley, who provides examples of composition "from the most celebrated writers" (1761: 65), perhaps
Breaking Language
Nistorica Bogdan Cotiso 1st year MA British Cutural Studies Breaking language in broadsheets and tabloids Language is one of the most important features when it comes to the media, or to analyzing life in general. Besides painting, there is no other written way of expressing one's belief or point of view on a certain subject. After a brief introduction on British press I shall speak throughout the essay about the two approaches on the same subject of a broadsheet and of a tabloid. The articles are taken from The Guardian and the Daily Mirror and tackle the issue of child of 14 who commits suicide while in custody. To start with, it should be noted that Britain's first newspapers appeared over 300 years ago. Now, as then, newspapers receive no government subsidy, unlike in some other European countries today. Hence, the survival of newspapers is very much dependent on advertising, which constitutes a vital source of income. Surprisingly enough, this small island boasts approximately 130 daily and Sunday papers, 1,400 weekly papers and over 6,500 periodical publications. More newspapers, proportionately, are sold in Britain than in almost any other country. According to David McDowall "national newspapers have a circulation of about 13 million on weekdays and 17 million on Sundays, but the readership is twice this figure". The national newspapers, both on weekdays and on
My Christmas day gift of optimism.
Jon Shriver Ms. George Eng. 111 Sect.14 August 29, 2002 My Christmas Day Gift of Optimism "Ya'll better not let Hogman catch ya up there on that farm. He got traps and them mean dogs." My eleven-year-old friend Billy tried to warn his older brother, echoing his parents at every opportunity. Billy was a good kid; however, this story isn't about Billy, or his brother Joey or even their parents. This story is about Hogman, a man who was not like a hog at all. More like a brown recluse only a few people in my town were lucky enough to ever see. Hogman lived on a 15-acre farm, which was across the street from my house when I was a child. This sleepy intersection in rural Mecklenburg County was the home for Watkins' General Store, the volunteer fire department, the Hogman's house, and my house. The funny thing about hogman was that he wasn't fat and he did not have a pig nose like one might expect. He was a middle-aged man with years of wind and sun damage on his face. His beard was long and gray; it was curly like Spanish moss and hung down covering half of his neck. The lines on his face looked like tiny rivers that had once flowed, but were now dry cracks. His hair was like his beard and was almost always tucked underneath a beat up baseball
On 26 July 1847 Brigham Young and several others climbed to the top which he named "Ensign Peak,".
ENSIGN PEAK Lynn M. Hilton and Hope A. Hilton Utah History Encyclopedia Ensign Peak is the summit of a hill just north of downtown Salt Lake City (1.4 miles north of the Salt Lake temple); in fact, Salt Lake City was built exactly south of Ensign Peak. The peak rises 1,080 feet above the valley floor and stands out as a prominent geological formation evident from all directions. The summit is rounded, devoid of vegetation, and capped with a hard conglomerate stone formation. It is part of the foothills of the Wasatch Range. On 26 July 1847 Brigham Young and several others climbed to the top which he named "Ensign Peak," as he reported the event in his journal. They used the view from the summit to visually explore the entire valley. The significance of the name, according to the pioneers, comes from the biblical prophecy: "He will lift up an ensign unto the nations. . . . He lifteth up an ensign on the mountains." (Isa 5:26; 18:3). The pioneers did not erect the U.S. flag on the Peak on 26 July as widely reported, but they did plan to fly the "Standard of the Nations," an invitation for all nations to immigrate to Utah. The locating of the east side of the temple just south of this Peak comes from the statement of George A. Smith who explained that while still in Nauvoo, Illinois, Brigham Young "had a vision of Joseph Smith who showed him the mountain we now call
Social Capita
Social Capita Sociologist Pierre Bourdieu viewed social capital alongside other forms of 'capital': economic capital, cultural capital, linguistic capital, symbolic capital and so on. Cultural capital refers to the 'tastes' and preferences people have, the sorts of books and art forms that they have access to, their qualifications and so on. In the context of social class analysis, Bourdieu argued that schools appear to treat everyone equally, but in practice they are built on the cultural capital of middle class groups, and thus discriminate against students who do not have this particular cultural capital. Students with the same cultural capital as the school and its 'academic curriculum' tend to fit the cultural assumptions and demands of schooling, including the preferred language forms. For these students, there is usually some continuity between school and home. For students whose cultural capital is different - is not that of the middle class 'mainstream' - school does not have the same ease. Without the assumed continuity between what is done at home and what is done at school, these students must strive to gain the capital that others bring with them. When these students fail at school, schools tend to view them as lacking ability. But Bourdieu argued that this is a 'misrecognition' and misreading of cultural differences (linked to material distinctions) as
The peculiarity of English spoken language and Chinese spoken language
The peculiarity of English spoken language and Chinese spoken language Chinese and English are two different languages used by different people and countries respectfully. Either Chinese or English has a long history. Admittedly, there are some similarities between the tow. However, huge differences make the two very much unlike each other. To begin with, I would like to take spoken language as an example. The pronunciations of Chinese and English are quite dissimilar. Chinese spoken language usually has four tones, making a syllable sound various. On the contrast, there are usually not such tones changing in English pronunciation, but only stresses. In general, the intonation of Chinese is much more changeable than is English. Scientists have discovered that Chinese speakers use both of the semi-spheres of their brains, while at the same time English speaking people use only one side. This piece of evidence accounts for the reason that English speaking people are having hard times in learning oral Chinese and vice versa. Moreover, the habit in speaking between the two languages is also distinctive. Chinese people, for example, mostly would like to focus on the meaning or content when they are speaking their mother tongue. Unlike Chinese, the English speaking people organise their sentences in a more grammatical way, which bases on the general rules of the grammar
Compare and contrast Functionalist and Marxist
Compare and contrast Functionalist and Marxist explanations of society Jawad Ahmed, 27th September 2008 "Functionalism is a theoretical perspective based on the notion that social events can best be explained in terms of the functions they perform-that is, the contributions they make to the continuity of a society- and on a view of society as a complex system whose various parts work in a relationship to each other in a way that needs to be understood" Functionalists emphasise the importance of Value Consensus in society and do not recognise that conflict may occur. If conflict does occur they argue it can be rectified as society improves and evolves. They accept that conflict can arise but is insignificant compared the general need for consensus and stability, (the greater good) Moral consensus is vital for maintaining order and stability in the belief that shared values will lead to this with the family playing a vital role on issues such as stability of personality and socialization Ceremonies and rituals are important cornerstones of functionalist society. Prime examples are The Church, Monarch and government which are institutions that have become interdependent on one another and form the very DNA of functionalism. According to Durkheim, a functionalist society is metaphorically compared to the human body,"....like a body consisting of various specialized parts;
Which aspects of the Dalai Lamas reputation are assumed in this exchange between the Dalai Lama and Tibetan Questioner? Read the following poems by Thom Gunn and Thomas Flatman in The Faber Book of Beasts, compare the ways in which the two p
ASSIGNMENT 3- PART 1 THE DALAI LAMA Which aspects of the Dalai Lama's reputation are assumed in this exchange between the Dalai Lama and Tibetan Questioner? From looking in detail at the exchange between the Dalai Lama and the Tibetan Questioner, it is clear that it reveals two perspectives of the Dalai Lama's reputation. Firstly, the traditional viewpoint of a Tibetan Buddhist Monk and on the other hand the Dalai Lama himself and his personal views on his identity. As it reads in the Assignment Booklet (Page 22) 'Your Holiness, as the recognized reincarnation of the Thirteenth Dalai Lama...' this clearly shows the strong, traditional values and beliefs that the Tibetan people hold as he is regarded as 'Your Holiness' which indicates that he is well respected and worshipped upon. He then says that he is recognized as "the reincarnation of the Thirteenth Dalai Lama" which relates back to the history and culture of Tibet as the first Dalai Lama was born in 1351 AD as it states in the Book 1 'Reputations' (Waterhouse, 2008, p.211) so it is clear that the Dalia Lama is a major aspect of the Tibetan People and Buddhism culture. As it quotes in the Book, "For the Tibetan people, therefore, the fourteenth Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, has a status and reputation which are embedded in the entire Tibetan religious and cultural worldview." (Waterhouse, 2008, p.211) The Tibetan Monk
B. F. Skinner - biography.
B. F. SKINNER 904 - 1990 Dr. C. George Boeree Biography Burrhus Frederic Skinner was born March 20, 1904, in the small Pennsylvania town of Susquehanna. His father was a lawyer, and his mother a strong and intelligent housewife. His upbringing was old-fashioned and hard-working. Burrhus was an active, out-going boy who loved the outdoors and building things, and actually enjoyed school. His life was not without its tragedies, however. In particular, his brother died at the age of 16 of a cerebral aneurysm. Burrhus received his BA in English from Hamilton College in upstate New York. He didn't fit in very well, not enjoying the fraternity parties or the football games. He wrote for school paper, including articles critical of the school, the faculty, and even Phi Beta Kappa! To top it off, he was an atheist -- in a school that required daily chapel attendance. He wanted to be a writer and did try, sending off poetry and short stories. When he graduated, he built a study in his parents' attic to concentrate, but it just wasn't working for him. Ultimately, he resigned himself to writing newspaper articles on labor problems, and lived for a while in Greenwich Village in New York City as a "bohemian." After some traveling, he decided to go back to school, this time at Harvard. He got his masters in psychology in 1930 and his doctorate in 1931, and stayed