The Dampe- a critical commentary.

University Degree Linguistics, Classics and related subjects

Vishal Sookur 16.11.03

The Dampe – a critical commentary

John Donne’s, The Dampe epitomises the curious nature of his genius in seduction, displaying a creative audacity that effectively seduces from a foundation of peculiarity. The title itself immediately creates a somewhat macabre mood; though in contemporary reading the word ‘damp’ holds little gravity in its association with moisture, its original connotations were that of death and disease. From the morbid beginning, where Donne sees his own grotesque autopsy, he gently slides into a profession of love with remarkable seductive prowess.

To begin Donne foresees his death, where he has been laid out upon a table, while his ‘friends curiositie’ has resulted in his corpse being opened up, in effect being autopsied. The initial image is extremely unpleasant and crude if one considers the autopsies of Donne’s era, giving rise to visions of blood and gore. Indeed the simple imagining of his own death and subsequent autopsy is intensely bizarre and uncomfortable. Despite the implications of such a situation, Donne avoids being distasteful or crude by not dwelling on the aspects of an autopsy and lightens the tone with his fluency of addressing his mistress, ‘When they shall find your Picture in my heart,’ simultaneously transforming death and disease into love and fantasy. The idea of a woman’s picture residing in his heart in a literal anatomical sense creates a physical proof of Donne’s extensive love for this person. However odd and outrageous, this acts as a profound and substantial measure of Donne’s love. Then in a characteristically contrasting fashion, Donne describes how those who lay eyes on this picture, being the surgical team and surrounding friends, will be infected by the immediately potent ‘sodaine dampe of love’, with the assurance that the instant contraction of the disease, will prove fatal, ‘And work on them as mee’. Donne mimics the Petrachen tradition here, with Professor Guss’ reference to two of Serafino’s ‘strambotti’, 89 and 126, which foreshadow Donne’s conceits of the inquest and autopsy, with the discovery of the woman’s picture in the dead lover’s heart. Serafino even suggests that her picture may harm whoever sees it. As a result, in making Donne fall in love with her she has not only condemned him to death, as if her picture has been found to be the cause of death, but she has in effect murdered everyone present at the autopsy. It is as though Donne’s autopsy has released his fatal disease, the ‘dampe of love’, which has laid waste in the form of ‘massacre’. This is a gross exaggeration in calling his mistress a murderess purely for deserting and neglecting him, however in blaming her for a massacre, Donne gives her an impressive compliment.

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The tone of the sensitive, hurt lover continues with the cry ‘Poor victories!’ Which begins the second stanza; ‘victories’ referring to her conquests in effectively murdering men through their futile love for her, and made ‘poor’ in the fact that it is so easy for her to keep her distance within the security of her ‘disdaine’ and ‘honor’, which are introduced later. This idea is further with Donne’s seductive and slightly challenging tone, ‘But if you dare be brave…kill th’enormous Gyant your Disdaine,/And let th’enchantresse Honor, next be slain’. Donne personifies his mistress’ ‘Disdaine’ and ‘Honor’ as the chief barriers to their joy. The destruction of the latter is clearly intended to undermine her decision to deny him sex. ‘Honor’, in its association with magic, creates a sense of enticement as if her resistance is a significant enticement, adding a spellbinding quality to her ability. The former, ‘Disdaine’, is far more unusual in its relevance, however a link can be drawn when considering the temporal context of the sonnet, to the idea that one only felt disdain for one’s inferiors, and as a Catholic dependent on employment for his income Donne was probably inferior to many of the young ladies he met at court. This, therefore often negated any potential for seduction, and so the woman’s ‘Disdaine’ must be ‘slaine’ in order to seduce her. ‘And like a Goth and Vandall rize’, Donne asks his mistress to disregard her former ‘triumphs over men’, using the simile of both the Goths and the Vandals, not only because of their historical reputation for barbarism, defacing records and history, but for their cruelty, alluding to her cruelty in the form of her unattainable stance.

Stanza three introduces Donne’s ‘Gyants, and…Witches’, creating the image of battle with stanzas two and three acting as opposing armies. Donne’s ‘Constancy, and Secretnesse’ are effectively juxtaposed with his mistress’ rather different forces of ‘Disdain’ and ‘Honor’. His ‘Secretnesse’, implies that he is seducing a married woman. However, he states, ‘these I neyther looke for, nor professe’, simply presenting the idea that he too if he wished could ‘muster up’ his forces in attack. Donne then uses the metaphor of dying as an indication of orgasmic pleasure, ‘Kill me as woman, let mee die/ As a mere man’, creating an antithesis between the action, ‘kill’ and the resulting death, ‘die’, representing the sexual intercourse and subsequent climax of pleasure. The final seduction is then introduced as an elegant compliment stemming from the notions of women being inferior to men. ‘Naked you’have odds enough of any man’, naked, she is lovely enough to defeat any man. However the witty compliment lies in her ‘passive valor’, and the deeply provocative image of her it creates that would appeal to most girls of intelligence.

From a morbid, unpromising beginning, where Donne visualises his corpse being cut open and surveyed in rather a grotesque manner, he smoothly slides into an elegant poem of love and seduction. Death is transformed, with fantastic metaphors, into something fertile and delicious and a poem, which initially appears to attack and undermine his mistress, ends up as one in supreme awe of her.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

1.The songs & sonnets of John Donne, second edition edited by Theodore Redpath, First published 1956, London.

2. The Poems of John Donne-Herbert J.C. Grierson (Oxford 1980)

The songs & sonnets of John Donne, second edition edited by Theodore Redpath, First published 1956, London. Professor Donald Guss indicates anticipations in Serafino of the conceits in stanza one. Serafino’s Strambotto 89 ‘Quando sero portato in sepoltura’ describes the funeral procession which will follow his body when he has died for love, while he says in Strambotto 126, ‘Felice specchio hor che Madonna godi’, that if his breast were cut open everyone would recognise the image of his lady on his heart. He even suggests that the sight of this image may do harm to people.

The songs & sonnets of John Donne, second edition edited by Theodore Redpath, First published 1956, London.

This is eluded to further, in stanza’s two and three.

The Poems of John Donne-Herbert J.C. Grierson (Oxford 1980)

Referring to her incredible strength despite the preconception of her being of the passive sex.