What are the legal requirements for ensuring information security relating to business organizations? How can these legal requirements for ensuring information security be met in typical modern companies? Explain your answers with reference to practical examples from your own knowledge and experience wherever possible.

The Legal requirements For data or information to be useful, at the minimum, the key principles of confidentiality, integrity and availability of data upon which the concept of information security is built must be met and this inevitably is in tandem with the legal requirements for any jurisdiction.[1] Legal requirements for most jurisdictions usually have the internal looking requirements[2] which provide for steps that an organization is required to comply with and the outward requirements which are punitive measures in cases of breach or noncompliance.[3] Internationally there is no uniform standard or approach for ensuring information security and different jurisdictions have adopted different approaches.[4] As private data has become increasing vulnerable to exposure, the focus in most jurisdictions is to ensure that the privacy of individuals during transactions is protected[5]. Smedinghoff has summarized the legal requirements generally as the duty to provide security, the legal standard upon which that duty or obligation is based and the duty of notification in case of breach.[6] Therefore in the United States, the approach initially was sector specific[7] but is now increasingly moving towards general requirements,[8] while the approach in Europe[9] for example is the general / omnibus approach. Generally all jurisdictions make provision for protection of

  • Word count: 1086
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Mathematical and Computer Sciences
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You will see from your reading that the EU considers cybercrime as a very serious issue for business, in and between Member States. What do you see as the main potential threats posed by the widespread use in modern business of information technology and databases of personal information? How can the law be extended to protect against these threats without stifling technical innovation and business activity more than absolutely necessary?

As the development of computers, networks and the Internet has accelerated and become part of everyday life, the new cyberspace has created an environment for criminal offences. Information security is concerned with protecting the information confidentiality, integrity and accessibility1. Cybercrime is on the rise, but its transnational character poses difficulties in implementing statutes and regulations which effectively counter the vulnerabilities. What do you see as the main potential threats posed by the widespread use in modern business of information technology and databases of personal information? The protection of privacy and data is a key challenge in today's society, characterized by extensive amounts of sensitive data being located in databases vulnerable to attacks and misuse. Threats may manifest themselves as physical and environmental, technical and people-based2. The European Convention on Cybercrime3 defines computer related crimes as (a)computer related forgery and fraud, (b)content related offences covering activities related to the distribution of illegal content and (c)infringements of intellectual property rights and related rights4. From a business perspective, forgery and fraud, as well as intellectual property breach, should both pose reasons for concern. E-commerce is reliant on building consumer trust, which would undoubting be breached if

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  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Mathematical and Computer Sciences
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Intellectual Property

Terms of Reference Intellectual Property Assignment The scenario is that my colleague, Mr.P.Taylor, and I have been employed by a company that specifies in developing software and our head of department, Mr.C.Roberts, has asked us to produce a briefing report. The report will outline the main points relating to Intellectual Property Law and the possible protections such law can afford to the company. Elements that will be included within the report are explanations about copyright, patent and confidential information, as well as a diagram of the Civil and Criminal Court and a case, with a paraphrased precedent. There will also be an introduction giving a very brief explanation into the topic being addressed, and a conclusion that will answer the introduction. Contents Introduction 3 Copyright 4 Definition 4 Explanation 4 Example 5 Patent 6 Definition 6 Explanation 6 Example 7 Confidential Information 8 Definition 8 Explanation 8 Example 8 Civil and Criminal Court 9 A Case with paraphrased precedent 11 Definitions 11 Precedent 11 Stare decisis 11 'Separate but equal' 11 Conclusion 12 Sources of Information 13 Introduction Intellectual Property Law, also referred to as IP, includes 4 main aspects, which are Copyright, Patent, Trade Marks and Designs. The 2 elements that will be focused on in this report are Copyright and Patent, and also a third

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  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Mathematical and Computer Sciences
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Local Area Networks (LANs).

They are Local Area Networks (LANs) that use electromagnetic airwaves as their transmission medium. Instead of the technical issues associated with twisted-pair, Co-axial and fiber-optic wires, the organization must adapt to the differences of radio based communication. The basic components of an 802.11 WLAN (wireless LAN) include one or more stations and an AP (access point). A station is usually a laptop with a wireless Network interface card. An AP provides the wireless link between the stations and a wired LAN, or it may only relay packets from one station to another. The 802.11 standard supports three methods using the physical layer for transmitting data through space. One uses infrared light, and the other two-use spread-spectrum-radio (radio frequency). Radio: (penetrates indoor walls & surfaces) Wideband / Spread Spectrum: 1. FHSS (Frequency Hopping) 2. DSSS (Direct Sequence) 3. Infrared (blocked by solid objects) The FHSS (frequency-hopping spread-spectrum): Has the advantage of a relatively simple design, but it has an upper bandwidth of only 2 Mbps under FCC rules in the U.S. Because FHSS does not support data rates greater than 2 Mbps it is not used in the IEEE standard, 802.11b. The DSSS (direct-sequence spread-spectrum): This method allows for much higher data rates by dividing the 2.4-GHz band into 14 22 MHz channels. In DSSS, the data is

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  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Mathematical and Computer Sciences
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SYSTEM ANALYSIS

COURSEWORK REPORT COURSE: SYSTEM ANALYSIS COURSEWORK ID: LECTURER: MAY 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 INTRODUCTION 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 PURPOSE OF THE SPECIFICATION 4 USER ENVIROMENT 5 OPERATING ENVIROMENT 5 HARDWARE REQUIREMENT 5 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT 6 ISSUES 6 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS 6 DATA DICTIONARY 8 DATA MODEL 10 PROCESS MODELS 13 BEHAVIOURAL STRUCTURE 18 REFERENCES 19 INTRODUCTION According to the specification supplied, the new system to be developed is for a short course institute. "The short course institute runs computing courses for members of the public and IT professionals. The institute offers certification from many of the major computing organizations (e.g. Oracle Certification, .Net Certification, C# etc.). The organizations provide the certification tests. The courses are scheduled a year in advance and then marketed in trade magazines and on the internet. Bookings are received either by phone or over the web. Bookings are taken from individuals or from companies who may choose to take advantage of a discount available for multiple bookings. A multiple booking will be for more than two places and a discount of 20% is available. The number of places on a course is limited based on the size of the room where it will be

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  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Mathematical and Computer Sciences
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System Specification

HCI Assignment 1 Part 1 What the system will do and why The system will be created especially for those that cannot make regular trips to the bank, in particularly elderly user using a shared computer. The system will allow users to access their personal bank account online from a shared computer. They will be able to view an up-to-date statement including the current balance and recent transactions. They will also be able to transfer money to different bank accounts allowing money to be managed easier. Standing orders and direct debits can also be set up on the system so bills can easily be paid with out even leaving the home. Direct debits will allow bills to be paid constantly with out having to remember to pay them. The system will allow the user to have complete control over their bank account allowing them to change personal details, cancel cheques, standing orders and direct debits. Users may also apply for loans, insurance, credit cards etc online without having to get up and go to the bank making money management much easier. Important Characteristics of Users Each user must have a HSBC current bank account signed up to internet banking. Each user will be over the age of 16 as only over 16 may have a current bank account. User may be using a shared computer to access their account. User may be elderly and find it hard to remember a long number which has no

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  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Mathematical and Computer Sciences
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Research Methods.

Introduction There are basically two main research methodologies available to tourism researchers, which include: Qualitative Research and Quantitative Research. Firstly, definitions of these methods will be presented. Then, similarities and differences of the qualitative and quantitative research will be identified. Next, their usual distinctions will be discussed in different perspectives, which will be summed up by the implications of the two major researches and conclusion. Part 1: Definition of the Research Methods To begin with, let us define what is qualitative and quantitative research as to ease the understanding of the forthcoming discussions. Although there are dissimilar definitions by different writers, I have summarized the main points as the followings: Qualitative Research is commonly not concerned with numbers and entails gathering a great deal of information about a small number of people. The information collected is normally not presentable in numerical form and it is used to understand human's behaviour and situation(Veal,1997). Besides, it generally avoid the workings of objective, scientific research(Cunningham,1999). In addition, it tends to be naturally explanatory, directional and is designed to bring out issues

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  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Mathematical and Computer Sciences
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Quantitative Techniques for Business

Assignment 1 Quantitative Techniques for Business Michelle Grant HND Business and Finance Trevor Louth st March 2002 Assignment 1 Data according to HNC/HND Business core unit 5: Quantitative Techniques for Business (p52) "Data is simply a 'scientific' term for facts, 'figures, information and measurements". Data can be divided into two, discrete and continuous. Discrete variables can take a finite or countable number of values within a given range, whilst continuous variables may take any value as they are measured rather than counted. Information is data that has been transformed in some way. It could have been transformed by: summarising the data, tabulating the data, analysing the data and by data presentation. There are two main categories of data, they are primary and secondary. If the data is 'raw' it is still un-processed, basically it is still in the format that it was collected, e.g. a list of numbers. Primary data is used for the purpose it was collected, the investigator will know exactly where this data came from and the circumstances under which it was collected. Secondary data is used for a different purpose to that which it was collected, because the investigator did not actually collect the data he/she may not know what limitations there are to the data and it may not be one hundred percent suitable for the purpose that they intend to use it

  • Word count: 2628
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Mathematical and Computer Sciences
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Software Development

HASSL Software Development Functional specification for the CUSSMOS System City University has asked us to create a new security system, the CUSSMOS. The current system is subject to too many material losses in the buildings, "theft", mainly committed by intruders. You want a security systems that allows you to know who is in the building and where at any moment. It also has to be able to detect intruders. You require the system to be simple to use, provide maximum security but with causing the less inconvenience possible. It is a complicated system to design as it has to cover every single area of the buildings at all time but it has to be discrete, not too "eye-catching". This system as to detect movement in the buildings and have the ability to identify the person that is moving. It also has to detect people who do not carry a CUSSCard and alert security straight away to be able to intercept the individual. The main Computer (CUSSBASE) has to keep record of every cardholder's identity. The CUSSENSEs have to be powerful enough to cover every possible area. For the moment, City University operates with a swipe-card and manual card check system. People who enter the buildings are asked to show their City University ID to a member of staff. To enter certain areas such as the computer labs, people have to swipe their card, and if their ID is valid, the door will unlock.

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  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Mathematical and Computer Sciences
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Pendulum Lab

Title:Air resistance Objective:An experiment to show that air resistance exist on falling object. Observe the effect of air resistance on falling coffee filters and also determine how the terminal velocity of a falling object is affected by air resistance and mass. Theory: When you solve physics problems involving free fall, often you are told to ignore air resistance and to assume the acceleration is constant and unending. In the real world, because of air resistance, objects do not fall indefinitely with constant acceleration. One way to see this is by comparing the fall of a baseball and a sheet of paper when dropped from the same height. The baseball is still accelerating when it hits the floor. Air has a much greater effect on the motion of the paper than it does on the motion of the baseball. The paper does not accelerate very long before air resistance reduces the acceleration so that it moves at an almost constant velocity. When an object is falling with a constant velocity, we prefer to use the term terminal velocity, or vT. The paper reaches terminal velocity very quickly, but on a short drop to the floor, the baseball does not. Air resistance is sometimes referred to as a drag force. Experiments have been done with a variety of objects falling in air. These sometimes show that the drag force is proportional to the velocity and sometimes that the drag force is

  • Word count: 1551
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Mathematical and Computer Sciences
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