Human physiology for Health and Social Care NQF Level 3: BTEC National P2: The structures of the main tissues of the body
Unit 10: Human physiology for Health and Social Care
NQF Level 3: BTEC National
P2: The structures of the main tissues of the body
The aim of the assignment is to describe the structures of the four main tissues are the epithelial tissue, connective tissue, nervous tissue and muscle tissue of the body. By the understanding the assignment will be focus on depict how the structure of the main tissue is, also that going to show clearly where the position of the tissues are, what its look like?
Epithelial tissue
Epithelial tissues are found on surfaces as either covering outer surfaces or lining inner surfaces. That's covering or lining of all internal and external surfaces of the body. The epithelial tissue is made up of cells, its characteristic shape and the number of layer cells.
They have no capillaries of their own that's why the epithelial receive oxygen and nutrients from the blood supply of the connective tissue beneath them. Epithelial tissue, regardless of the type, is usually separated from the underlying tissue by a thin sheet of connective tissue; basement membrane. The basement membrane provides structural support for the epithelium and also binds it to neighbouring structures.
Squamous epithelium
Squamous epithelium is a single layer and flat cells. These cells are very thin and very smooth these are important physical characteristic. They form the lining of the cavities for example mouth, heart, blood vessel and lungs and made up the outer layer of the skin.
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Simple cuboidal epithelium is a single layer of cube shapes cells. These cells are roughly and square. Cuboidal epithelium is found in glands and in the lining of the kidney tubules as well as in the ducts of the glands.
Simple columnar epithelium
Columnar cells are taller than they are wide, these cells are elongate and look like column shape. That is specialized for secretion and absorption.
Ciliated epithelium
Ciliated epithelium consists of columnar cells that have cilia on their free surfaces. It's always lining in the nasal cavities, larynx, trachea and large bronchial tubes. The other location of ciliated epithelium is lining in the uterus and fallopian tubes of female.
Glandular epithelium
Glandular epitheliums are consists of large number of goblet cells which included unicellular and multicellular glands. These groups of cells are specialized able to synthesising and secreting.
Stratified epithelium
Stratified epithelium are consists of many layer and mostly flat cells, although lower cells are rounded. The top ...
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Ciliated epithelium
Ciliated epithelium consists of columnar cells that have cilia on their free surfaces. It's always lining in the nasal cavities, larynx, trachea and large bronchial tubes. The other location of ciliated epithelium is lining in the uterus and fallopian tubes of female.
Glandular epithelium
Glandular epitheliums are consists of large number of goblet cells which included unicellular and multicellular glands. These groups of cells are specialized able to synthesising and secreting.
Stratified epithelium
Stratified epithelium are consists of many layer and mostly flat cells, although lower cells are rounded. The top cells are flat and scaly and it may or may not be keratinised. The mammalian skin is an example of dry, keratinised, stratified epithelium.
Connective tissue
As the name implies, connective tissue combine cells and other tissue together. That reputedly is the circulation to associate of the cells and the tissues of the all organs in the body. The connective tissue consists of two basic component cells and varying amount of extra cellular material. The body contains some kinds of connective tissue, each with specific functions that include areolar, adipose, fibrous, blood and elastic tissue. As we called it connective tissue so the function as the named that connected all the cells and tissues to achieve in perfect way which can link close and supplement with together.
As each types of connective tissue has specific function such as fat cells which can contain fat globules that press the cytoplasm and the nucleus outer. A long with the blood cells which can produce the white blood cells it has ability to provide immune to help the body can destroy the pathogens of the disease. Some of the type of connective tissue that all focus on supplement and protection of the body. In this point the types of each connective tissue would be describe as below.
Blood
The blood consist of cells and plasma, cells are living portion. The ells of the blood include red blood cell, white blood cell, plasma and platelet. The water of plasma contains nutrients salts and waste product to transport these materials to all the body. As we knew the blood forming are the red marrowbone and lymphatic tissue, the red marrowbone which produce the red blood cells of the body as well as white blood cells and platelet. That two kinds of blood cell are the same produce the lymphatic and has different essential function such as red blood cell is carry oxygen to their haemoglobin and the white blood cell is provide the ability to destroy the pathogen of the disease which call immunity.
Areolar connective tissue
Areolar connective tissue is a loose connective tissue are called fibroblast comprised of semi fluid ground substance consist of fibers and cells. Collagen fibers are very strong, elastin fibers are elastic that is able to binding parts together. There are two types of, the most numerous of which are thicker, lightly-staining collagen us fibers that crisscross the matrix in a random fashion. Thinner, more darkly stained elastic fibers composed of the protein elastin can also be seen. Also the areolar connective tissue is found beneath the dermis of the skin and beneath of the epithelial tissue of the all body system.
Adipose tissue
Adipose connective tissue cells are specialized for fat storage and call adipocytes. The fat cell is the excess of nutrients have calories that are not waste but transform to fat when the food intake. Adipose tissue appear somewhat like cells connected together. The cytoplasm and nucleus have been pushed to one side by a single, large, fat-filled vacuole that occupies the center of the cell. As well as the adipose cells are located layer of the oragn.
Fibrous connective tissue
Fibrous connective tissue is consists primarily of dense packed fibers. That is found in ligaments and tendons. The ligaments and tendons are made of fibrous connective tissue. Ligament is connect bone to bone at joint. Tendons connect muscle to the bones of the body. When the muscle contracts, the tendons pulls on the bone, causing movement.
Bone
Bone is osteo so the bone cells are call osteocytes. That forms the internal frame work of the body it called skeleton. Bone is made of calcium salts and collagen that would help bones strong, hard, and not flexible. Furthermore bone acts as a calcium reserve that support the body maintains the optimal blood calcium level.
Cartilage
Cartilage is found in many part of the body, cartilage does not contain calcium salts but contain more water which make it resilient. Cartilages are located in the tip of the nose, the ear, the ends of the long bone and the between the bones of the spine. Cartilage has no blood vessel so these cells are must nourished by nutrient s that come from blood vessel surrounding this tissue. That becomes clinically important when cartilage is damaged, it repair and heals very slowly.
Elastic connective tissue
Elastic tissue is primarily elastin fibers. It is also found surrounding the alveoli of the lungs. The elastic fibers are stretched during inhalation then recoil exhalation to squeeze air out of the lungs.
Muscle
Muscle tissue is specialized for contraction. When muscle cell contract, it cause of some types of movement. Operate in large numbers, muscle cells can create enormous forces. Muscle cells are responsible for intricate of movement. There are three types of muscles such as skeleton, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle.
Skeletal muscle
The skeletal muscle cells are cylindrical have several nuclei each, and appear striated. The striations are result of the precise arrangement of the contracting proteins within the cells (the text book essential of anatomy and physiology - Valerie C. Scanlon Tina Sanders). Most skeletal muscle in the body is under voluntary control.
Smooth muscle
Smooth muscle cells are call involuntary muscle. Most of smooth muscle cells arrange in sheets in the walls of the stomach digests food and force the liquefied food into small intestine. Smooth muscle contractions also propel the food along the intestinal tract.
Cardiac muscle
The cardiac muscles have one nucleus each and have faint striations. That is the form of the chambers of the heart. Cardiac muscle is voluntary that is meaning the contracts without conscious control. Also cardiac is only found in the walls of the heart.
Nervous tissue
Nervous tissue consists of nerve cells called neurons which are responding to affect for example pain or temperature. That affect of these cells is the result in tiny impulses. Neurons capable of generating and transmit these impulse from one region of the body to the other which helping control movements and other functions. There are many kinds of neurons but basically they all have the same structure such as cell body, axon, dendrites, synapse, and neurotransmitters
REFERENCE
Text book Human body system - Daniel D. Chiras
Text book Essential anatomy and physiology - Valerie C. Scanlon Tina Scanders
Resource from internet http://www.botany.uwc.ac.za/sci_ed/grade10/mammal/Epithelial.htm
http://images.google.co.uk/images
http://www.geocities.com/SoHo/Gallery/6412/ConnTiss.htm
http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/APlab/Table_of_Contents/Lab_02/Areolar/areolar.html