Obsessive compulsive disorder

Rosemary Marzouk Prof. Haghighi Psychology 101 December 24, 2006 Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) means that the person has illogical and irresistible thoughts or impulses (Obsessions) that they consider absurd and that they attempt to resist. They are acted out physically as a way to reduce the anxiety associated with the obsessions (compulsions). There is usually a feeling that something bad will happen if they do not act upon the obsessions (catch a disease, therefore they wash their hands very frequently and ritualistically). The essential feature of obsessive-compulsive disorder is obsessional thoughts or compulsive acts that are recurrent. Obsessional thoughts are ideas, images or impulses that enter the individual's mind again and again. They are regularly distressing (because they are violent or obscene, or because they are perceived as senseless) and the sufferer often tries, unsuccessfully, to resist them. They are, however, recognized as the individual's own thoughts, even though they are involuntary and often disgusting. Compulsive acts or rituals are behaviors that are repeated again and again. They are not enjoyable, nor do they result in the completion of any useful tasks. The individual often views them as preventing some unlikely event, often involving harm to himself or herself. Usually, this behavior is recognized by

  • Word count: 1280
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Medicine and Dentistry
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What is Hypophosphatasia?

HYPOPHOSPHATASIA INTRODUCTION; Hypophosphatasia is a rare disorder characterised by low levels of serum alkaline phosphatase activity resulting in abnormal phoshorylated metabolites and varying skeletal abnormality. Ratbun first described it in 1948, but since then reports have come from countries all over the world. DIFFERENT FORMS OF HYPOPHOSPHATASIA; Hypophosphatasia is classified into six sub groups. All six exhibit a varying skeletal abnormality. These include: . Adult form - occurring in middle age. 2. Childhood form - affecting children seven and upwards. 3. Odonto - affects infants and children. 4. Perinatal - affects pregnant women. 5. Infantile - Infants (6months -7 years) are effected by the; Infantile, Pseudo and Odonto forms. These then persist in adult life 6. Pseudo Hypophosphatasia- is an extremely rare form of the disease. Adult form ? Symptoms: - Premature teeth loss, - Slowness in walking with tiredness. - Pain in legs and feet. ? Diagnosis: - Stress fractures in the feet, thighs or hips. ? Prognosis: - Involves extraction of the secondary teeth. Childhood form ? Symptoms - Premature loss of teeth (before the age of five). - Waddling gait. - Pain stiffness with muscle weakness in limbs. - Bowed legs or knocked knees. - Short stature. ? Diagnosis - Enlargement of the wrists and ankles. Infantile form ?

  • Word count: 1387
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Medicine and Dentistry
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