Annotated Bibliography

Ratings: 7.5

Borys, J.M., & Boute, D. (1994), Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a frequent complication of obesity. Biomedecine & Pharmacotherapy.48(3-4), 137-141, doi:10.1016/0753-3322(94)90102-3

Sleep duration and obesity-related risk factors

The experiment conducted was to test whether sleep duration would cause an individual to be associated with obesity related risk factors. The experiment was tested using a cross-sectional data from an evaluation of an experiment that promotes physical activity. The method used for the experiment was telephone administered questionnaire. The individuals were contacted via a random-digit dialling were individuals whom was identified to be situated within 2 mile radius . The response rate for this interview was 62.5%. Questionnaire were mostly open-ended questions to ensure the participants would not encounter difficulties answering. Participants were also asked to state their weight and height so as the body mass index could be computated.  Moreover participants were also questioned on how long did they engage in physical activities and the average daily fruit serving to eliminate other factors. In conclusion, participants with short sleep were associated with risk of promoting weight gain and ultimately obesity.

Ratings : 7.0

Stamatakis, K. A., & Brownson, R. C. (2008). Sleep duration and obesity-related risk factors. Preventive Medicine.46(5), 439-444,

doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.11.008

Short and long sleep are positively associated with obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease among adults in the United States

This study was conducted to research whether sleep duration affects obesity. There is a wide range of participants in this experiment as 56,507 participants engaged  in the experiment with an age group from 18-85years. The use of multilevel logistic regression was to simultaneously control the characteristics of the individual , family environment, location to check whether those who sleep less or more is considered healthy. This step was taken as it is likely the individuals  were to have one of the four health outcomes which is obese, diabetic, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Both long and short sleep duration were significantly associated with obesity. This study also conducted various research on other co-factors that might cause obesity such as age,gender, martital status, race, geographic location, and the education level of the participant. Results showed that adults with seven to eight hours of sleep each night can directly reduce the risk of gaining weight as well as obesity as sleep deprivation causes an increase of hunger of the individual..   Therefore the individual will most probably show an increase in weight gain.

Ratings : 9.0

Buxton, O. M.,Marcelli, E. (2010). Short and long sleep are positively associated with obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease among adults in the United States. Social Science & Medicine, 71(5), 1027-1036, doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.05.041

Reference List

Borys, J.M., & Boute, D. (1994), Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a frequent complication of obesity. Biomedecine & Pharmacotherapy.48(3-4), 137-141, doi:10.1016/0753-3322(94)90102-3

Buxton, O. M.,Marcelli, E. (2010). Short and long sleep are positively associated with obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease among adults in the United States. Social Science & Medicine, 71(5), 1027-1036, doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.05.041

Kim, S.H.,Cho, G.-Y.,Baik, I.,Kim, J.,Kim, S.J.,Lee, J.B.,Lim, H.E.,Lim, S.Y.,Park, J.,Shin, C. (2010), Association of coronary artery calcification with obstructive sleep apnea and obesity in middle-aged men. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases,20(8), 575-582. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2009.05.011

Sardón, O.,Pérez-Yarza, E.G.,Aldasora, A.,. Bordoy, A.,Mintegui, J.,Emparanza, J.I. (2006), Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome in Children Is Associated With Obesity. Archivos de Bronconeumologia, 42(11), 583-587. doi: 10.1016/S1579-2129(06)60591-0

Stamatakis, K. A., & Brownson, R. C. (2008). Sleep duration and obesity-related risk factors. Preventive Medicine.46(5), 439-444,

doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.11.008

Abstract

Association of coronary artery calcification with obstructive sleep apnea and obesity in middle-aged men

1. Background and aims

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and obesity are closely associated, and both have been reported to increase the risk of coronary heart disease. Althoughobesity is known to be associated with coronary artery calcification (CAC), there is limited information on whether OSA is associated with CAC independent of obesity.

2. Methods and results

A cross-sectional study examined the association between OSA and CAC among 258 healthy men, ages 40–49 years old, randomly selected from a population-based cohort. All individuals underwent overnight polysomnography and electron-beam computed tomography to measure their apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) and degree of CAC. A logistic regression model including potential cardiovascular risk factors excluding body mass index (BMI) showed that the presence of CAC was significantly greater in the fourth quartile versus the first quartile of AHI severity (odds ratio [OR] 2.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–4.86). A multivariate linear regression model excluding BMI also showed that AHI was significantly associated with CAC (P = 0.004). However, this association was no longer significant after adjusting for BMI.

3. Conclusions

In our cross-sectional study, even though both OSA and obesity were positively associated with the presence and extent of CAC, only obesity remained a significant independent contributor after an adjustment for potential cardiovascular risk factors, irrespective of OSA.

Keywords: Obstructive sleep apnea; Obesity; Coronary artery; Calcium; Atherosclerosis

Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome in Children Is Associated With Obesity

4. Objective

The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in the general pediatric population ranges from 1% to 3%. However, its prevalence in an unselected population of obesity and OSAHS in children diagnosed with the syndrome in a cohort of boys and girls (age range, 2-14 years) referred to the pediatric respiratory medicine outpatient clinic at our hospital for suspected apnea, snoring, or both over the past 5 years.

5. Patients and methods

The medical history of each patient was recorded and all patients underwent a physical examination, chest and nasal cavities radiography, and 8-channel respiratory polygraphy during sleep. the following variables were evaluated: sex, reason for consultation, source of referral, findings during upper airway examination, age, weight z-score (reflecting how much a finding differs from the mean and in what direction in a normally distributed sample), height z-score, body mass index (BMI) z-score, number of apneas, number of hypopneas, apnea index, hypopnea index, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), oxygen saturation (mean and minimum) measured by pulse oximetry, number of snores, and snore index.

6. Results

Of the 400 patients studied, 242 (60.5%) were male and 158 (39.5%) female. the mean age was 4.95 years. OSAHS (AHI≥3) was diagnosed in 298 cases (74.5%) and these patients were then studied to determine the relation between OSAHS and obesity. the anthropometric distribution (expressed as mean [SD]) was as follows: weight z-score, 0.37 (1.31); height z-score, 0.23 (1.19); BMI, 17.063 kg/m2 (2.51); and BMI z-score, 1.39 (1.36). the respiratory polygraph during sleep recorded an AHI of 6.56 (7.56).

7. Conclusions

No differences were observed between the height z-score, weight z-score, BMI z-score, age, and AHI. No association between obesity and OSAHS was found in this series. However, studies of larger, unselected populations are needed to determine if obesity is a risk factor for OSAHS in children.

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a frequent complication of obesity

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a major health problem, not only because of its consequences in terms of morbidity and mortality, but also because of its social impact in the form of car accidents and industrial accidents. These facts stress the necessity of screening OSAS among the population, particularly in patients suffering from obesity or hypertension, diseases frequently associated with OSAS. This review will focus on the epidemiology and the pathophysiology of this syndrome, its clinical features with a view to screening OSAS, and the main examination used to confirm the diagnosis. The management of OSAS will be discussed.

Author Keywords: Author Keywords: obstructive sleep apnea; obesity

Sleep duration and obesity-related risk factors

1. Abstract

1. Objective.

Habitual short sleep duration is a common practice linked to weight gain and risk of obesity. Our objective was to examine the association between sleep duration with other behaviors, such as physical activity and nutrition, which are important for obesity prevention efforts.

2. Methods.

We used cross-sectional data from rural communities in Missouri, Tennessee, and Arkansas (N = 1203). Controlling for covariates, we assessed the association between short sleep duration (< 7 h vs. 7–8 h) and obesity, not meeting vigorous physical activity requirements, low fruit and vegetable consumption, high fat consumption, and frequently eating at fast food restaurants.

3. Results.

The proportion of participants with habitual sleep duration of < 7 h, 7–8 h, and ≥ 9 h was 36.2%, 57.3%, and 6.4%, respectively. After multivariable adjustment, short sleep duration was associated with certain obesity-related behaviors, particularly lower physical activity and lower fruit and vegetable consumption.

4. Conclusions.

Short sleep duration is associated with risk behaviors that are known to promote weight gain and obesity. Interventions aimed at promoting physical activity and improved nutrition may benefit by considering adequate sleep duration as a potentially modifiable behavior that may impact the effectiveness of efforts to prevent obesity.

Keywords: Sleep; Sleep deprivation; Obesity; Risk factors; Exercise; Diet

Short and long sleep are positively associated with obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease among adults in the United States

Research associates short (and to a lesser extent long) sleep duration with obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease; and although 7–8 h of sleep seems to confer the least health risk, these findings are often based on non-representative data. We hypothesize that short sleep (<7 h) and long sleep (>8 h) are positively associated with the risk of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease; and analyze 2004–2005 US National Health Interview Survey data (n = 56,507 observations, adults 18–85) to test this. We employ multilevel logistic regression, simultaneously controlling for individual characteristics (e.g., ethnoracial group, gender, age, education), other health behaviors (e.g., exercise, smoking), family environment (e.g., income, size, education) and geographic context (e.g., census region). Our model correctly classified at least 76% of adults on each of the outcomes studied, and sleep duration was frequently more strongly associated with these health risks than other covariates. These findings suggest a 7–8 h sleep duration directly and indirectly reduces chronic disease risk.

Keywords: USA; Body weight; Cardiovascular diseases; Diabetes; Hypertension; Metabolism; Obesity; Sleep disorders; Sleep duration; Sociogeographic; Social ecological model

Abbreviations: Body mass index, BMI; Cardiovascular disease, CVD; Coronary heart disease, CHD; C-reactive protein, CRP; High blood pressure, HBP; National Health Interview Survey, NHIS

BODY

The Link between Sleep Disorder and Obesity. Sleep is considered one of

the

most important period for an individual as generally a good night sleep

promotes health and the growth of one. Therefore, lack of sleep could

have

a negative impact on an individual¡¦s life as it affects the emotional

balance, energy, productivity and health. Sleeping disorder have been

reported to have affected the lives of many people as most adults need

at

least eight hours of sleep every night to be well rested. Moreover the

lack

of sleep has also been linked with obesity as generally people whom are

not

getting their eight hour sleep every night are prone to obesity.

Obesity is

defined in this review as the body mass index (BMI) of more than 30

kg/m2

of the individual . Thus, this review is aimed at discussing the

possible

link whether sleep disorder causes obesity in the population today. It

is

aimed at the government to address concerns about the public¡¦s

lifestyle

today. This review focuses towards the sleep disorder affecting the

population today and how it affects their lifestyle. The research

question

for this review is ¡§Does age affect the population with sleeping

disorder

linking to obesity?¡¨. This study could help raise awareness to the

government as lifestyle in today¡¦s population is increasingly hectic

hence

the health of the population deteriorates significantly. A rating

system

out of 10 is also being used in this review to evaluate the relevance

of

each article.

This study was aimed at researching whether Obstructive sleep apnea (

OSA)

is directly linked towards obesity as both have been reported to be the

main risk of coronary heart dieasese. Besides, obesity is known today

to be

widely linked with coronary artery calcification ( CAC) The study was

conducted among 258 healthy men with age group of 40-49, randomly

selected

from a population. All of the participant undergo overnight

polysomnography

and electron-beam computed tomography to measure their apnea¡Vhypopnea

index (AHI) and degree of CAC to get the baseline of the participants

before conducting the experiment. Results from the experiment proved

that

obesity was associated with obstructive sleep apnea as participants who

recorded a high reading during the AHI test showed weight gain as

compared

to participants with low reading of AHI.

This study was aimed at associating Obstructive sleep apnea with

obesity in

children. This experiment recruited 400 participants where 242 where

male

and 158 were female .The mean age for this experiment was 4.95 years.

Participants underwent a physical examination and medical history of

each

participant were recorded. There were also few variables being tested

out

during the experiment which was sex, weight, upper airway examination,

age,

height and body mass index (BMI). The experiment concluded that there

were

no significant differences were observed between Obstructive sleep

apnea

(OSA) and obesity as this could be due to the maturity of children.

Most

OSA cases only occur when the participant is in the age group of 30-49

years.

This study was designed to test a hypothesis whether Obstructive sleep

apnea (OSA) syndrome is directly linked to obesity or vice versa.

Moreover

this study also compiles the epidemiology of OSA to show the pattern of

OSA

and associated factors towards the impact on a randomly selected

population. Besides that this study also shows the clinical features of

sleep apnea syndrome as well as the diagnosis of sleep apnea syndrome.

The

experiment was conducted by recruiting 602 participants of both genders

between the age group of 30-60. Each participants were screened before

the

experiment to determine a baseline for the experiment. The experiment

concluded that sex was not the risk factor of obesity in OSA but an

increase of the weight index showed higher risk of being associated

with

obstructive sleep apnea.

The experiment conducted was to test whether sleep duration would cause

an

individual to be associated with obesity related risk factors. The

experiment was tested using a cross-sectional data from an evaluation

of an

experiment that promotes physical activity. The method used for the

experiment was telephone administered questionnaire. The individuals

were

contacted via a random-digit dialling were individuals whom was

identified

to be situated within 2 mile radius . The response rate for this

interview

was 62.5%. Questionnaire were mostly open-ended questions to ensure the

participants would not encounter difficulties answering. Participants

were

also asked to state their weight and height so as the body mass index

could

be computated. Moreover participants were also questioned on how long

did

they engage in physical activities and the average daily fruit serving

to

eliminate other factors. In conclusion, participants with short sleep

were

associated with risk of promoting weight gain and ultimately obesity.

This study was conducted to research whether sleep duration affects

obesity. There is a wide range of participants in this experiment as

56,507

participants engaged in the experiment with an age group from

18-85years.

The use of multilevel logistic regression was to simultaneously control

the

characteristics of the individual , family environment, location to

check

whether those who sleep less or more is considered healthy. This step

was

taken as it is likely the individuals were to have one of the four

health

outcomes which is obese, diabetic, hypertension and cardiovascular

disease.

Both long and short sleep duration were significantly associated with

obesity. This study also conducted various research on other co-factors

that might cause obesity such as age,gender, martital status, race,

geographic location, and the education level of the participant.

Results

showed that adults with seven to eight hours of sleep each night can

directly reduce the risk of gaining weight as well as obesity as sleep

deprivation causes an increase of hunger of the individual.. Therefore

the

individual will most probably show an increase in weight gain.

Turnitin