Database System and Development.

Strictly speaking, data is the plural of datum, a single piece of information. In practice, however, people use data as both the singular and plural form of the word.

 The term data is often used to distinguish binary machine-readable information from textual human-readable information. For example, some applications make a distinction between data files (files that contain binary data) and text files (files that contain ASCII data).

 In database management systems, data files are the files that store the database information, whereas other files, such as index files and data dictionaries, store administrative information, known as metadata.

2. Database and key Concepts

The central concept of a database is that of a collection of records, or pieces of information. Many professionals consider a collection of data to constitute a database only if it has certain properties: for example, if the data is managed to ensure its integrity and quality, if it allows shared access by a community of users, if it has a schema, or if it supports a query language. However, there is no definition of these properties that is universally agreed upon.

Typically, for a given database, there is a structural description of the type of facts held in that database: this description is known as a schema. The schema describes the objects that are represented in the database, and the relationships among them.

There are a number of different ways of organizing a schema, that is, of modeling the database structure: these are known as database models (or data models). The model in most common use today is the relational model, which in layman's terms represents all information in the form of multiple related tables each consisting of rows and columns (the formal definition uses mathematical terminology). This model represents relationships by the use of values common to more than one table. Other models such as the hierarchical model and the network model use a more explicit representation of relationships.

Database management systems are usually categorized according to the data model that they support: relational, object-relational, network, and so on. The data model will tend to determine the query languages that are available to access the database. A great deal of the internal engineering of a DBMS, however, is independent of the data model, and is concerned with managing factors such as performance, concurrency, integrity, and recovery from hardware failures. In these areas there are large differences between products.

A typical query could be a question such as, "How many hamburgers with two or more beef patties were sold in the month of March in New Jersey?". To answer such a question, the database would have to store information about hamburgers sold, including number of patties, sales date, and the region.

Sql requirement:

Entity, attribute and relationship 

Entity

In general, an entity (pronounced N-tih-tee) is an existing or real thing. The word root is from the Latin, ens, or being, and makes a distinction between a thing's existence and its qualities. An entity exists and that's all it needs to do to be an entity. The fact that something exists also seems to connote separateness from other existences or entities. In programming, engineering, and probably many other contexts, the word is used to identify units, whether concrete things or abstract ideas, that have no ready name or label. In blackboard discussions, one can draw something as yet unnamed and refer to that drawing as the representation of an "entity." (If the entity being discussed later gets ascribed qualities and a name, reference to it as an "entity" may no longer be useful.)

Attribute

In general, an attribute is a property or characteristic. Colour, for example, is an attribute of your hair. In using or programming computers, an attribute is a changeable property or characteristic of some component of a program that can be set to different values.

In the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), an attribute is a characteristic of a page element, such as a font. An HTML user can set font attributes, such as size and colour, to different values. In some programming languages, such as PowerBuilder Power Script, an attribute is a property of an object or may be considered a container for the property of the object. For example, colour might be an attribute of a text object, containing the value of "red."

In a database management system (DBMS), an attribute may describe a component of the database, such as a table or a field, or may be used itself as another term for a field.

Relationship

A relationship is a specific connection between objects, entities or concepts. Typical forms of relationship are social relationships between people, causal relationships between events, and mathematical or theoretical relationships between components of a modeled system

Software requirement

Form builder and oracle 10i

Entity,attribute and relationship

Patience

Carerer

Nurse

Doctor

Cosultant

Bed

Wing

Attributes and sql

Doctors details

Here we se doctors information entered like his date of birth, his identity

     Doctors table 

CREATE   TABLE DOCTOR_DETAILS(D_ID NUMBER(5) PRIMARY KEY,

D_NAME VARCHAR2(100) NOT NULL,

D_DOB VARCHAR2(10),

D_ADDRESS VARCHAR2(200),

D_ DATE,

D_PHONE NUMBER(10))

Nurse

Nurses table

The information about the nurse just like the doctors can be viewed and same time can also be upgraded if need be.

 CREATE TABLE NURSE_DETAILS(N_ID NUMBER(5) PRIMARY KEY,

N_NAME VARCHAR2(100) NOT NULL,

N_ADDRESS VARCHAR2(200),

N_ DATE,

N_PHONE NUMBER(10))

Consultant

The information about the consultant and the consultant will have access to the doctors information as well as the patience and the nurses and carerers

CREATE   TABLE CONSULTANT_DETAILS(C_ID NUMBER(5) PRIMARY KEY,

C_NAME VARCHAR2(100) NOT NULL,

C_DOB VARCHAR2(10),

C_ADDRESS VARCHAR2(200),

C_ DATE,

C_PHONE NUMBER

Career

The career are the special individual like nurse they are personal hired by the patience to be taken care of him or her, so the information of such person are also needed and should be constantly  updated too

Careers table

CREATE TABLE NURSE_DETAILS(CR_ID NUMBER(5) PRIMARY KEY,

CR_NAME VARCHAR2(100) NOT NULL,

CR_ADDRESS VARCHAR2(200),

CR_ DATE,

CR_PHONE NUMBER(10))

Patients

For the user should be able to constantly upgrade information on the patience  

 And be able to make amend ,report changes ,access changes too and reports  from various doctors, consultants ,nurses as well as careers CREATE

TABLE PATIENT_DETAIL1(P_ID NUMBER(5) PRIMARY KEY,

P_NAME VARCHAR2(100) NOT NULL,

P_ADDRESS VARCHAR2(200)NOT NULL,

P_BED NUMBER(35),

DOCTOR_ID        NUMBER(5) REFERENCES DOCTOR_DETAILS(C_ID),

NURSE_ID        NUMBER(5) REFERENCES NURSE_DETAILS(N_ID));

Bed

 

The user will be able to access the bed of the patience and also make changes or upgrade at any given time.

CREATE TABLE BED_DETAIL1

(B_ID NUMBER(5) PRIMARY KEY,

WARD_ID         NUMBER(6) REFERENCES ward_details(WARD_ID),

DOCTOR_ID        NUMBER(5) REFERENCES DOCTOR_DETAILS(D_ID),

PATIENT_ID      NUMBER(5) REFERENCES PATIENT_DETAILS(P_ID));

Wings

The where about of patience becomes first all easier when you know the part of the hospital that the patience can be located and most of the time it is in wings as in this case.

 

CREATE TABLE WING_DETAIL1(W_ID NUMBER(5) PRIMARY KEY,

W_NAME VARCHAR2(100),

PATIENCE_ID NUMBERS(5) REFERENCES PATIENCE DETAIL(P_ID));

DOCTOR_ID        NUMBER(5) REFERENCES DOCTOR_DETAILS(D_ID),

CONSULTANT_ID NUMBER(5) REFERENCES CONSUTANT_DETAILS(C_ID)):

NURSE_ID        NUMBER(5) REFERENCES NURSE_DETAILS(N_ID));

(ERD) ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM

        

THE FORM BUILDER OF HE PROJECT( MARTINS CLINIC)

main

 

2. CONCLUSION

 Its was worth all the while doing this very work of project right from the beginning till date. We have been able to create a database for Martins Clinic which was our goal from the unset. We were able to apply all the things that we were taught, from the creation of the tables, to the use of the canvases and also the entity relationship diagram. it real gave me the opportunity to put all that we were  thought over the weeks to practice and my joy will be to build on the this and that I have done now and to be able to build many other database for bigger companies, churches and organization

Reference

( 

Reference

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relationship

     

---

22.