Is the international ban on the trade of ivory consistent with the principles of sustainable development?
Is the international ban on the trade of ivory consistent with the principles of sustainable development? The population of the African elephant declined considerably in the 20th century, with the species aggregate falling from 5 – 10 million to 1.3 million between the 1930s and 1980s (Barzdo, Caldwell and Martin, 1986). This lead to the upgrade of the elephant’s status from Appendix 2 (monitored trade) to Appendix 1 (trade only in special circumstances), as determined by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES, n.d); essentially illegalising the worldwide trade of ivory in 1989. This essay will assess if the ban on ivory trading is in concurrence with the ideals of sustainable development, focusing on four universally accepted core principles of equity, democracy, the precautionary principle and policy integration and planning (Carter, 2007). The definition of sustainable development used throughout is that established by the Brundtland Commission (1987), ‘development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.’ To begin the equitable effects of the ban must be taken into account, particularly as the majority of the negative distributional implications fall on lesser-developed countries. The pertinent forms of equity regarding sustainable development are
The recent water shortages in Spain have become a severe and lasting crisis.
. BCN 1582 Individual Paper Template . Name: 1. . UF Student ID: 1. . Topic Country: 1. Spain . Subject (climate change or water): 1. Water Crisis Please select a country from your assigned continent and select to report on either water or climate change issues within that country. This could include challenges that the country faces or initiatives that the country has started. Provide data to support the discussion and explain the implications of the data for sustainability. The paper length is two pages using this template; do not change the font style, font size, or line spacing; leave this first page intact. Add a works cited page for a total of four pages. Please provide citations for your data in any consistent and complete format such as: end notes or inline. Papers must be submitted through the e-Learning/Sakai course web site. Emailed papers will not be accepted. A Turnitin report is generated for you to review before final submission. Grading criteria include but are not limited to: . Structure and formatting . Spelling and grammar, sentence structure, and general writing. 2. Whether the template and format were followed. 3. Appropriate use of citations and formatting. . Content . Are there at least three data points from legitimate sources. 2. Are the data points appropriate and meaningful for the purposes of this paper. 3. Does the
Power struggles exist within every country, within every province or state and even within cities. This is where Friedman's core/periphery model comes in to play for Canada.
A Power Struggle Power struggles exist within every country, within every province or state and even within cities. This is where Friedman's core/periphery model comes in to play for Canada. In the following, the core/periphery model will be briefly described and it will be applied to three geographic areas of Canada: 1) British Columbia, 2) Western Canada, 3) The Territorial North. The impact that the topography, the climate and other physical aspects of each region have on itself will be discussed. Finally, the unique settlement pattern of each area will also so be briefly reviewed. What is the core/periphery model? The core/periphery model can be described as the combination of affects a region's physiography, climate and other natural elements can have on the region's development and, ultimately, its fate. According to Friedman's regional version of the core/periphery model, a core is the industrial region that draws on its periphery, which is a more resource-oriented and a less economically diversified region.1 According to his version, British Columbia and Western Canada (to a lesser extent) are known as upward transitional regions and the Territorial North is known has a resource frontier. British Columbia The geographic region of British Columbia is composed of two physiographic regions and two climate zones. The Cordillera covers the majority of British
My visit to Jiuzhaigou valley.
My Visit to Jiuzhaigou Valley 01?(2) ??? 27 Jiuzhaigou, reputed as a "fairyland", is situated in the central south part of the Jiuzhaigou County in Sichuan Province. It is so named because of the nine Tibetan villages in the scenic area such as the Heye Village, the Shuzheng Village and the Zezhawa village. With an elevation of 2000-3100m above sea-level, the scenic area enjoys pleasant climate and beautiful colours all year round, being one of the world's famous scenic areas possessing the best tourist environment. This summer vacation, I went to visit this world-level scenic spot with some friends. As one of the most costly landscapes in China, Jiuzhaigou cost you ¥145 for entrance, and another ¥ 90 for taking the green environment-protective sightseeing bus. The two tickets are only valid in one day that means if you want to visit it again the next day, you have to pay the tickets again. After we entered the main gate, a working personnel came and showed us to the bus station. This kind of bus is said to better solve the problem of pollution of tail gas to the environment of the scenic spot. Soon the bus started and a lovely Tibetan girl, served as a guide, began to introduce Jiuzhaigou to the passengers. I learnt from her that Jiuzhaigou was listed into the world Natural Heritage Catalog in1992, approved as a man-and-biosphere reserve in the world in 1997, and
THERE IS NO ONE FOCUS FOR THE STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PEOPLE AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT. DIFFE
THERE IS NO ONE FOCUS FOR THE STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PEOPLE AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT. DIFFE Pre 1945, the main issues concerning the relationship between people and their environment were whether the earth was purposely created, whether human activity affects the physical environment or on the other hand, whether the physical environment affects human activity. Subsequently, these issues prompted four different scientific approaches being adopted - environmental determinism, possibilism, human ecology and landscape change. Environmental determinism is the philosophical view that the environment is the determinant (or principle influence) of social development and there will be an eventual adjustment of society to the physical surroundings. In short, man is largely conditioned by his environment. Geographical research in the late nineteenth century, influenced largely by the evolutionary work of Charles Darwin, was concerned with recognising the laws of nature, eg. the process of natural selection. Consequently there started this deterministic view by which peoples achievements could be explained as being the results of natural conditions. The names of Freidrich Ratzel (1844-1904) and Ellen Churchill Semple (1963-1932) are associated with the most outspoken expression of this idea of determinism. These were then modified by geographers such as, Ellesworth
Global warming: the result of the industrial burning of fossil fuels?
Global warming: the result of the industrial burning of fossil fuels? The 'greenhouse theory' as a model of how the earth maintains a balance of heat was first proposed by Arrenhius in 1896,(as cited in Seidal). The greenhouse theory is that a number of 'greenhouse gases' (GHG) are present in the earth's atmosphere. These gases allow ultraviolet and visible radiation to penetrate and warm the earth, and then absorb infrared radiation emitted by the earth, and acts as a thermal blanket, trapping this heat in the atmosphere. Without the greenhouse effect the earth's surface temperature would be around 50oF cooler than it is today (c.ref.5). The earth's surface temperature is currently rising, having seen a rise of approximately 0.5oC in the past hundred years (c.ref 5), and expected to rise by 2.5oC by 2050, and 5oC by 2100 (Siedal & Keyes, 1983; EPA, 2003, c.ref 6). The last 10 warmest years in the past century have all occurred in the last 15 years, the hottest being 1998, which was warmer than the long-term average by around 0.66oC (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, c.ref 1). The result of this global warming is predicted to be an increase in precipitation, more dramatic weather conditions, and a rise in sea levels, with a rise of 4-8 inches already seen over the past century (EPA c.ref 6). El Nino has increased in frequency from once every 5-7 years, to
Global Warming As the world's expanding population burns large quantities of fossil fuels and simultaneously cuts down
Global Warming As the world's expanding population burns large quantities of fossil fuels and simultaneously cuts down large expanses of forests worldwide, the concentrations of CO2 and other greenhouse gases are building up in the atmosphere. "The green house effect is the (imperfect) analogy used to explain the atmospheric phenomenon that keeps our planet warm enough to sustain life." There is mounting evidence that this shift in Earth's atmosphere will lead to global changes and potentially major climatic disruptions . The major concern is not that the greenhouse effect is real;"we wouldn't be here if it wasn't." It's that it "may be exacerbated by anthropogenic increases in the effective gasses, threatening a disruption to the equilibrium between incoming and outgoing energy, and a resulting average global warming." From 1880 to today, by many measurements, the global average temperature has increased by 0.5 Degrees Celsius. Human and ecological systems are already vulnerable to a range of environmental pressures, including climate extremes and variability. Global warming is likely to amplify the effects of other pressures and to disrupt our lives in numerous ways. "Melting icebergs and expanding oceans may cause floods." The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Why is it difficult to achieve on the protection of the Global Environment? What concepts have been developed to overcome the difficulties?
Why is it difficult to achieve on the protection of the Global Environment? What concepts have been developed to overcome the difficulties? Global environment has become a central problem of International Relations. Since mid twentieth century, human beings have been facing changes, mostly unpleasant, in global environment, particularly in weather as a result of human beings` action, activity, production and consumption, output and input etc. In the start of second century, the world population was approximately 265 million. No matter how much mess they made, it did not affect global environment. Obviously, how bad they affected global environment at that time is indeed nothing compared with how deleterious human beings are affecting global environment at the present time. Global environment problem includes various problems that happening in the world. Global warming is the main problem that is threatening the world. It is sometimes considered as almost the only problem of the environment, but, it is not. Global warming concerns that the world is getting warmer due to the effect of industrial productions. This is the so-called greenhouse effect1. The average surface temperature has been increased by about 0.6° Celsius since the start of the twentieth century and increased by 0.2°-0.3° Celsius over the past 40 years. Since 1960s, the Arctic ice pack
Desertification – Climate Change or Human Influences?
Christopher Allan geographical issues Candidate No.- 972853488 rural Land degradation Centre No. - 8636128 Desertification - Climate Change or Human Influences? The Sahara is the largest of the deserts on the planet and expands from the west to east coast of northern Africa. Inhabitants have evolved to survive the harsh climate of the desert, however they now have to cope with the sprawl of the Sahara into the Sahel - Desertification. There are contrasting opinions on the overall cause of the land degradation; some believe it is due mostly to the influence of humans and others consider changes in the climate to be primarily responsible for the spread of the desert. There are four main human interactions that are said to lead to desertification: overcultivation, overgrazing, deforestation and poor irrigation. These are influenced by population change and changes in social and economic conditions. Alan Grainger, author of 'Desertification: How people make deserts, how people can stop, and why they don't ', is a strong believer in the irresponsibility of mans actions in the spread of the desert. He states... "Drought triggers off a crisis, but does not itself cause desertification" In northern Africa, there is a high population growth (Mali NI=3%). With an escalating population there will be more need to intensify demand on farmland for various
Identify and discuss the Concepts, Skills and Methods deployed in: Whitmarsh L (2009) Whats in a global name? Commonalities and differences in public understanding of climate change and global warming, Public Understanding of Science, 18
4SSG1011 Geographical Concepts Skills and Methods I: The London Environment Geography Tutorial Group G1 Submission Date: 31st October 2011 Assignment 1: Identify and discuss the Concepts, Skills and Methods deployed in: Whitmarsh L (2009) "What's in a global name? Commonalities and differences in public understanding of "climate change" and "global warming", Public Understanding of Science, 18: 401-420 Word Count: 1483 Introduction In this essay I am going to critically review the concepts, skills and methods deployed in: Whitmarsh L (2009) What's in a name? Commonalities and differences in public understanding of "climate change" and "global warming". Whitmarsh (2009) investigates the relationship between public understanding and terminology of "climate change" and "global warming", a relationship with differences and similarities, which the author considers to "have important implications for both researchers and communicators" (Whitmarsh, 2009). Discussion Whitmarsh (2009) recognizes "that climate change is a serious threat to human well-being and environmental integrity" (Whitmarsh, 2009), and this is the main reason for conducting her research. Climate change has in recent times been the subject of increased international attention, and public understanding of the issue has been of interest to many researchers and policy makers for several years now (Lorenzoni