Almond and Verba (1963) define three ideal types of political culture - parochial, subject and participant -

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Almond and Verba (1963) define three ideal types of political culture – parochial, subject and participant – and argue that democracy is most stable under conditions of a predominant participant political culture mediated by elements of parochial and subject culture. Discuss this statement and illustrate your argument with reference to one or two democratic countries.

“The political culture of a nation is the particular distribution of patterns of orientation towards political objects among the members of the nation.” (Almond and Verba, 1963)

The three types of political culture I am going to talk about are parochial, subject and participant. I will give a brief explanation of them with the help of “The Civic Culture” by Almond and Verba.

We can distinguish between these different political cultures by exploring certain characteristics of the individuals in different societies. In an extreme or pure parochial political culture, individuals have no real concept of their political system in general terms, its history, size, location, power, “constitutional” characteristics, and information like this. Individuals do not have very much knowledge of the structures and roles, various political elites, and the policy proposals that are involved in the upward flow of policy making. Individuals do not have knowledge on the downward flow of policy enforcement, the structures, individuals, and decisions involved in these processes. Individuals do not see themselves as a member of their political system and do not have knowledge of their rights, powers and obligations.

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The political cultures of African tribes would fall into this category. The heads of these societies have a political, economical and religious role all in one, and for members of these societies the political orientation to these roles are not separated from their religious or social orientation. An individual in this society expects nothing from the political system. In this type of culture, the specialised agencies of central government will hardly touch the consciousness of the villagers or tribesmen.

In pure subject political culture, an individual does have knowledge of his/her political system and have feelings and opinions on ...

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