This write-up examines the actual culture in practice at one of the multinational companies in Nigeria - Cadbury Nigeria Plc. From the myriad of culture definitions available, the student has picked the most relevant.

Nkechi Juwah 0490107 Human Resources Assignment 2 Answer Overview This write-up examines the actual culture in practice at one of the multinational companies in Nigeria - Cadbury Nigeria Plc. From the myriad of culture definitions available, the student has picked the most relevant. The organization's HRM practices are then analyzed with a view to determining how they have impacted on the actual culture. An analysis of the espoused culture provides a critique of the differences between the 2 kinds of organizational cultures outlined in the texts (espoused and actual). To these, has been added a third type of culture, (the perceived culture). An examination of the ongoing business re-engineering initiatives of the company is done, with a view to underscoring the importance of the awareness of culture change to the organization's business strategy. In addition, insight(s) as to the approach to change management is described. Finally, recommendations are provided as to how to provide for a better strategic fit between espoused cultures and culture-in-practice in the company. Outline . Introduction a. What culture is b. Cadbury Nigeria Plc: A cultural overview 2. Extracting CN's core values a. Espoused culture: A description b. Culture-in-practice. c. The link between espoused, actual culture and employee motivation in CN. 3. An examination of CN's HRM

  • Word count: 2169
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Social studies
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The problem of the relations between culture and society is difficult to resolve in respect of media then in any other context.

Part 1 The problem of the relations between culture and society is difficult to resolve in respect of media then in any other context. In fact, it may even be more difficult, since mass communication can be considered as both a "societal" and a "cultural" phenomenon. The mass media institution is part of the structure of society, and its technological infrastructure is part of the economic and power base, while the ideas, image and information disseminated by the media are evidently an important aspect of our culture. The aim of the essay is to clarify the criteria of idealist and materialist approach in the relation of media and society. First part of the essay will explain the divergence of idealist and materialist approaches. The second part of the essay will explain the common concept of both idealist and materialist approach by using liberal-democratic approach as a comparison. As K.E. Rosengren (1981) has offered a simple typology that cross-tabulates two opposed propositions: "social structure influences culture"; and its reverse, "culture influences social structure" (McQuail, 2000, p61). This yields two main options that are available for describing the relation between mass media and society. If we consider mass media as an aspect of society (base or structure) then the option of materialism is presented As defined by Williams (1981) materialist approach is an

  • Word count: 1637
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Social studies
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Choose a critical essay by a theorist of literature not covered in the course, and write a critique of its position and strategies. The bodily encounter with the mother

Choose a critical essay by a theorist of literature not covered in the course, and write a critique of its position and strategies. The bodily encounter with the mother - Luce Irigaray Luce Irigaray was born in Belgium in the 1930s. From 1962-1964 she worked for the Foundation Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique in Belgium. Following this she began work as a research assistant at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique in Paris where she is currently Director of Research in Philosophy. Irigaray's second Doctorate thesis, "Speculum of the Other Woman," was closely followed by the termination of her employment at the University of Vincennes. This damage to her career was cruelly ironic - the phallocentric economy she condemned for excluding women swiftly silenced her. This illustrated her main point - the machinery of phallocentrism cannot accept sexual difference and the existence of a different female subjectivity. She was invited to give seminars and speak at conferences throughout Europe. In the second semester of 1982, Irigaray held the chair in Philosophy at the Erasmus University in Rotterdam. Research here resulted in the publication of An Ethics of Sexual Difference, establishing Irigaray as a major Continental philosopher. Irigaray's work has influenced the feminist movement in France and Italy for several decades. Irigaray has conducted research over

  • Word count: 1627
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Social studies
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Examine with reference to language how Attia Hosain presents the feelings of the young wife in her first encounter with western culture?

Examine with reference to language how Attia Hosain presents the feelings of the young wife in her first encounter with western culture? "The First Party" is a fusion short story bringing together the western and the Asian cultures. It is about a conventional bride who has her first encounter with her husband's 'emancipated' friends. Attia Hosain one of the earliest women writers of the Indian diaspora, through "The First Party," portrays the mannerisms and beliefs of the typical Indian bride through this newly wedded bride. To each turn of the story, Attia Hosain brings a superb imaginative understanding and a sense of the "poignancy of the smallest of human dramas." The short story reveals the hidden depths of Hosain's work and brings out not only the partition theme but also the dilemma of the Indian bride and her relationship with her husband. Ones first party is supposed to be a really exciting, unforgettable and enjoyable experience. However here the title suggests the irony of the situation. As east meets west, the experience turns out to be a very traumatic one. The Indian bride could be equivalent to the olden day western woman - delicate, meek and humble, expected to cater to the world of man and inexperienced to the nuciences of the world. The bride's entry into the house of the party is just as her entry into her in - laws home for the first time. When the

  • Word count: 2488
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Social studies
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Media and Globalization and how the concept of "cultural imperialism" could be applied to the Disney Animations

Media and Globalization and how the concept of "cultural imperialism" could be applied to the Disney Animations There is no globalization without media and communication but this relationship is often overlooked. Media always acts as a bridge interconnecting the world with many different cultures. Globalization is based on the concept of Marshall McLuhan's "Global village" describes cross-border relations between countries, highlights the electronic media and technology that rapidly integrating the planet, thus events in one part of the world could be experienced in real-time from the others, as a result, the world become more integrated. The hybridization or fusing of different cultures all over the world, mixing and representing these into certain dominant forms of media representation result in media globalization and multiculturalism. However, owning to the diversified cultural and historical origins of different countries, the problem of cultural imperialism generally arise leading to the domination and homogenization of Western and American cultures owning to western colonialism influence. Cultural imperialism can be defined as one specific culture controls or forces its own ideologies onto other cultures through the use of the media. It is also refer to Westernization or Americanization because western values are now dominating the recent cultural industries, being

  • Word count: 1627
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Social studies
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'Shojo culture has excelled in its potential for creating emptiness as Banana Yoshimoto is influenced by Shojo/Manga culture in her writing would it be fair to say that the content of her novella 'Kitchen' is also empty. Discuss

'Shojo culture has excelled in its potential for creating emptiness as Banana Yoshimoto is influenced by Shojo/Manga culture in her writing would it be fair to say that the content of her novella 'Kitchen' is also empty. Discuss. Shojo culture is becoming more popular, and in Yoshimoto's work this is evident. She incorporates many ideas from Shojo culture in her novella Kitchen - a girl's refusal to grow up; her rebellion against sexual maturity. Shojo represents pleasure and play. Even though there are traces of innocence and sexual immaturity in her novella, I don't think it is fair to go so far as to say that her work is 'empty'. Yoshimoto is very much influenced by Shojo culture in her novella Kitchen. However, it wouldn't be fair to say that the content of her novella 'Kitchen' is also empty. There are some aspects of Shojo culture that are empty but there are also positive aspects of Shojo. Girls can learn how to be lovable for men from Manga and some Manga can even be seen as serious literature. Some people say that Shojo is empty because it for men and they see the Shojo as an object for a mans desires. Shojo culture deals with issues such as love, culture, gender, identity and society. It also has deep insights into human relationships. 'Kitchen' is similar to Manga in that it is about a teenage romance. Shojo culture can be seen as a representation of Japan

  • Word count: 821
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Social studies
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What is popular culture?

What is popular culture? What is popular culture? It is very difficult to define this word, isn't it? Many 'people' have spent plenty of time to give definition of this word. In order to define popular culture we first need to define the term 'culture '. "According to Raymond Williams, culture is 'one of the two or three most complicated words in the English language'. Williams suggests three main categories in the definition of culture. First of all, the 'ideal', in which culture is a general process in human perfection, intellectual, spiritual and aesthetic development. We could use as an example, great philosophers, artists and poets (referring only to intellectual, spiritual and aesthetic factors in Western Europe). A second use of the word 'culture', the 'documentary', can be referring to particular way of life of people, a period, or a group. These are referred to, as cultural practices or lived cultures, e.g. Christmas. Finally, there is the 'social' definition of culture which can be referred to the works and practices of intellectual and especially artistic activities such as poetry, ballet, film, etc".(Idea from Storey, 1998,p.2 and Storey , 1994 ,p.56) "An obvious starting point in defining popular culture is to say that it is one widely favoured or well liked by many people. That can be proved from a quantitative index would meet the approval of many people"

  • Word count: 1178
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Social studies
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Explain The Meaning of The Following Terms: Race, Ethnicity, Culture, Prejudice and Discrimination

ANNE BINGHAM RACE RELATIONS TASK 1 Explain The Meaning of The Following Terms: * Race * Ethnicity * Culture * Prejudice * Discrimination When you mention the word "race", people will automatically define it as another species, someone who is totally different from themselves. What they don't realise is that apart from maybe the skin colour, hair texture, facial features and one or two other differences, we are all the same genetically. Human beings are all one race or species so to speak. Besides physical, we obviously have other noticeable differences such as our language, culture and religion, but these are traits that are learned depending on what country we live in and how we are nurtured. Just as all cats, i.e. tigers, lions, leopards and domesticated are all felines, or rats, mice, gerbils and hamsters are all rodents, they belong to the same species despite their place of origin or physical differences. This shows that the word "race" is very misleading. Ethnicity is a word used to describe a certain group of people whose culture is different from the rest or most of the rest of the society in which they live. For example, a group of Asians living in Leicester who share the same religion, dress code, language and skin colour would be considered the Ethnic minority as the majority of the population in Leicester would be English. Culture is something that

  • Word count: 1833
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Social studies
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Illustrate and explain the economic importance of 'marriage', with at least TWO examples from different parts of the world.

Social Anthropology 1Ah Essay 2 Title 2: Illustrate and explain the economic importance of 'marriage', with at least TWO examples from different parts of the world. When considering or defining the concept of marriage, people in the West would tend to think of it as a union between two people who love each other and have decided to spend the rest of their lives together. It is a relationship that implies a choice, dedication and compromise. The wedding itself is focused mainly on the bride and groom, it is perceived as a personal ceremony, in which the two people exchange vows. Another definition of marriage is given in Notes and Queries: "Marriage is a union between a man and a woman such that children born to the woman are the recognised legitimate offspring of both partners" (page 110). Although this is probably true in most societies, in many parts of the world, there is more to marriage than a social or emotional union between two people, or the legitimisation of the couple's children. In this essay, I will first introduce and discuss marriage and its economic importance (or otherwise) for the Trobrianders of Papua New Guinea. I will then compare and contrast this to the same aspects of marriage for the Nuer of Southern Sudan. Having done this, I will draw from different points of the essay to come to a conclusion on the topic. A very important part of the

  • Word count: 1781
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Social studies
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Cultural Competence.

Cultural Competence. The term cultural competence which will be considered here is a fundamental historical and sociological concept which has generated many debates within the field of cultural studies theory. Before we begin to analyse this term it must be recognised that different cultural texts may invoke different cultural responses and that, in turn, some responses may be less valued than others. We must also recognise that the history of social formation has changed and with rapidly developing new technologies, will no doubt continue to change in the future. In a broad sense the concept cultural competence introduced by Bourdieu, is centred on the notion of embedded cultural knowledge, not dissimilar from Lury's references to cultural capital. It's definition emerges from the question of whether an individual or groups of individuals are adequately qualified to fully appreciate and indeed, critically judge aspects of culture especially those which might be considered, by the likes of cultural conservatives such as Leavis and others as 'high culture'. By 'high culture' they mean specialised cultural forms such as art, literature and opera etc. However, it is once again important to recognise that the boundaries between 'high culture' and other forms of popular culture, often referred to as mass culture have become markedly blurred in our contemporary

  • Word count: 1172
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Social studies
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