University Degree: Criminology
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Forensic Science. The first role of the ballistic expert is to ensure that the weapons are safe to handle, this would involve the removal of any magazines, rounds in the chamber, or the breach and on automatic weapons, change the fire selector to single r
The striations are created by the rifling of the weapons barrel. Rifling is built into the barrels of firearms to impart a spin onto the bullets that pass through it. This is because bullets are oblong objects; and therefore they must spin in their flight, like a thrown rugby ball, to be accurate. Looking down the barrel of a firearm, rifling might be seen similar to that depicted on the left. This image shows a pattern of rifling containing six grooves with a right twist.
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The consumption and control of legal and illegal opiates has clear global dimensions. Discuss.
This trade continued until the Chinese finally convinced the British to end the India-China opium trade in 1910, after the first International Opium Commission had met in Shanghai, convened by the United States and attended by 13 world Powers. By this time the medical uses of opiates were well known, and the misuse of morphine and heroin was on the rise both in the Far East, Europe and the USA. As a direct consequence of the Shanghai Conference, the Hague Opium Convention was signed in 1912.
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Is the US Policy of the War on Drugs Effective?
Illegal drugs are a $60-billion-per-year industry patronized by at least 16 million Americans, 7 percent of the U.S. population over the age of 12. The level of usage has clearly worried the rest of the population from 1985 until 2001. So when americans were asked what they thought was the most important problem facing the nation. So is the war on drugs effective. B. Policy Analysis The Controlled Substances Act known as Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 passed by President Nixon. The term War on Drugs was first formally used by former president Richard Nixon in 1971 to describe a new plan to enforce drug prohibition.
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Can terrorism ever be stopped? The existence of terrorism is a threat to civilization but there are ways to discourage terrorism and limit or minimize the destructive consequences of terrorism.In its entirety, though I would tend to say that its h
The existence of terrorism is a threat to civilization but there are ways to discourage terrorism and limit or minimize the destructive consequences of terrorism.In its entirety, though I would tend to say that it's hard to stop all the terrorism. Here comes the question,why the terrorism appears?Terror must be accepted as the unavoidable result of the legacy of colonialism that the First world has left on the Third, which was much aggravate by Cold War.Since the last century most areas of African, Arab, and Asian have suffered a great damage in economic and debilitated for a long time.As the
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What the relationship between drugs and crime?
profit of illicit drug product and most likely do no use the product they deal in, concerning the personal harms that it can cause.Their offending is seen by the government as serious criminal behaviour and they are currently dealt with in the criminal courts. For the reason of high profit,many poor people begin to join this area and the increasing number of poppy are planted.Then apear countries such as Columbia whose main economic support is drug business. According to the statistics,the drug does not cause much crime as alcohol,approximately 5% crime related to drugs,but why drug is defined as a
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Organisational structure of a Police Force.
As police chief it is vital to stay well connected with the community, subordinates, municipal leaders, and significant others. Acting as a police executive is a networking job. Below police executive come middle managers, which are the captains and lieutenants. Middle managers are responsible for inspecting assigned operations, reviewing reports, helping develop plans and schedules, overseeing record and equipment, managing confiscated property, and enforcing all laws and orders. They are also in charge of sergeants and all other officers. Below the middle managers are the first-line supervisors or sergeants.
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Is the development of an international norm of humanitarian intervention sufficient in preventing genocide and mass killings?
Preserving the life of the state is seen as the only important moral duty for the state leaders (Tim Dunne, 2008). On the hand we have the liberalists who view the world from an idealist lens and base everything on the powers of democracy. As Immanuel Kant (1724) a liberalist thinker states that those states with a democratic government are less likely to go to war with their democratic neighbours and respect the rights of their own citizens. Liberalists such as John Stuart Mills (1973)
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Gangs. Is the trigger for gang membership blamed strictly on the lack of family interaction or the feeling of superiority among teens?
In school, teens can feel the lack of safety and the negative vibe from teachers. Peer factors associates with delinquent or aggressive peers. Poverty and drugs in the community can persuade them to join for safety (Delinquency). Childhood risk factors included early violence, acting out, and affiliation with antisocial peers. Having more than one of the risk factors has a higher chance of joining a gang. Teens of different race and gender join gangs all over the world. The ages of teens in gangs vary from place to place. The beginning of adolescence is when someone would join a gang because it is a time when young teens are developing their identities.
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Self Defence Law and Conflict Resolution
But if a defendant uses excessive force this shows that he acted unreasonably. Therefore, there will be no valid defence, and the defendant will be liable. 1. REASONABLE FORCE The normal guidelines are that the law allows only reasonable force to be used in the circumstances and, what equates to reasonable is to be judged depending on the circumstances and what the accused believed them to be (whether reasonably or not). In deciding whether the defendant had used only reasonable force, in Palmer v R [1971] AC 814, lord Morris made the following points: * A person who is being attacked should not be expected to "weigh to a nicety the exact measure of his necessary defensive action".
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Criminal and Forensic Psychology
Furthermore, Strain Theory associated with Merton (1968), similarly explained offending behaviour as being a consequence of social strain, learned behaviour and limited opportunities, thus indicating that offending behaviour is the result of social pathology which in turn leads the individual to develop innovative ways of achieving 'culturally defined goals'2 (White and Haines, 2004). Central therefore to social theory and specifically to that of Differential Association, is the hypothesis that offending behaviour is a consequence of learning from the social environment and not of physiological origin.
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How significant a threat is terrorism today? Terrorists are inspired by many different motives. Terrorist can be classified into three categories, these are rational, psychological, and cultural.
If the attack goes wrong or fails to produce the intended results, the terrorists can deny responsibility. The terrorist bombings of the New York World Trade Center and the Oklahoma City Federal Building prove how easy it is for terrorists to operate in a free and democratic society. It has always been seen that terrorist attacks are meant to have less people dead and more people watching, this was to make a point and for changes to be made. However, more modern terrorist attacks seem to have the opposite way of thinking with mass amount of casualties. Terrorists are inspired by many different motives. Terrorist can be classified into three categories, these are rational, psychological, and cultural.
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Corrections in the 21st Century - 3 Strikes, Boot Camps and Female Prison Officers in the US Correctional System.
Another flaw with the three-strikes-law is it takes away the power from judges. Judges have the power to sentence convicted criminals, but the three strikes law takes away that power by forcing judges to mandatory sentences. 2. Do boot camps have a future in United States corrections? Boot camp programs have the potential to reduce institutional crowding and costs, provided they are large enough. This assumes they target offenders who would otherwise have served a longer sentence in another institution, and keep enough participants from returning to correctional facilities. Some boot camps offer rehabilitative programs such as drug and alcohol treatment, life skills training, vocational education, therapy, and general education classes.
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Ethics and Police Corruption
But what is police corruption? In order to understand this concept, it is important that we know its meaning. Police corruption is defined as the " abuse of police authority for personal or organizational gain by a police officer acting officially" (Dempsey and Forst, 2010, 230). Indeed, police corruption is a major social problem all over the world. Police officers often lack integrity and professionalism. In effect, such corrupt activities pose significant obstacles to improve police public association and relations. Acts of police corruption may include corruption of authority, accepting gratuities, perjuries, kickbacks, opportunistic theft, shakedown, protection of illegal activities, direct criminal activities, payoffs, and flaking.
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Comparative report. Topic suicide
They both are discussing topic of suicide. I will summarize both articles and then I will compare and evaluate both of them and draw a conclusion. Firstly I will present newspaper article 'Suicides on the rail network rose last year, say Samaritans' (A. Hill, 08.09.2010). Newspaper article provides information on current events and issues on suicide topic, giving comprehensive detailed news report about the increasing number of deaths and attempted deaths on the railways. The main aims of the article are to state the facts that among all suicides even three-quarters are men and to inform a reader about most recurrent causes of men suicide.
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Crash from a Psychological Perspective
Unfortunately in this film, it does the complete opposite and shows our "stereotyping by appearance" attitude. Crash was made to intentionally show biased prejudices against minorities. Latinos are shown to be gang bangers; for example the depiction of Daniel the locksmith (Michael Pena); the wife of the D.A Jean Cabot (Sandra Bullock) insists on having the locks changed when Daniel leaves as she believes he is a (gang banger, with prison tattoos). Blacks either become gun-toting criminals as Anthony (Chris "Ludacris" Bridges) and his side- kick Peter Waters (Larenz Tate) are depicted as or are righteous upper class characters such as Cameron (Terrance Howard.)
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Why is it that s****l Offending against Children is so Powerful in our Perceptions of what Dangerousness is?
Many members of society believe that those unknown to them are those that are most likely to be a danger towards them, when in fact it will most likely be someone within the same household as them or someone that is very close to them. This distortion has come from highly publicised news stories in the past such as the murder of eight year old Sarah Payne by paedophile Roy Whiting in 2000, who took Sarah while she was playing with her brothers and sister near her grandparents house.
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MAPPA Risk Assessment
Victim Issues Mark's last victim was a 17 year old girl. They are known to each, he has previously committed another offence against her, they were in a relationship with each other and at time of sentencing she was in the early stages of pregnancy with their child. Due to the repeated offences made against this young women, Mark has been assessed at a high risk of reoffending against her, especially as now there is the added stress of a young child being present when these two will be together. A victim liaison officer will provide support to the victim upon Marks release and inform her of the restrictions placed upon him.
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Death Penalty
The death penalty is expensive. The costs involved in a trial are exorbitant. The time consuming, which is 25 years in California, together with the staff required in a single death penalty case is estimated to be $500,000 more expensive than a non-death penalty sentence. Every American state which adopts the death penalty has an annual estimated cost of $10 million, money that could be invested in social projects and therefore reduce the crime index, which would save much more lives than taking one. As reinforced by Police Chief James Abbott of West Orange, New Jersey in the website Death Penalty Focus: "The death penalty is a colossal waste of money that would be better spent putting more cops on the street.
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Southern California Crime Prevention Plans
Some methods which the Superior Court found useful were: Longer incarceration terms, city boundary limitations, and attempting to break gangs. This study argues that the best technique to deal with this crisis is to set city boundaries between persons affiliated with gangs. By way of organization, Section 1 compares the two best manners in which to deal with the matter of crime prevention. The city boundary limitation plan is much better than the incarceration plan overall for many reasons. Section 2 is the Case Study and Section 3 is the Summary.
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Organized Crime and Differential Association
the aim of committing more serious crimes or offenses in accordance with this Convention in order to obtain, directly or indirectly, a financial or other material benefit." (Clark pg99) Organized crime in this respect is performed by members of a group. This is not to be confused with crime that is committed within an organized market. Individuals who commit crime within an organized market, such as the drug trade, for their own sake, are not a part of an organized crime group.
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Article Review
The authors have a lot of experience in the criminological research field, and all have an impressive collection of articles, books and awards. Rosenfield is currently the professor and chairman in the department of Criminology at the University of Missouri, St Louis. He has done numerous amounts of research in different areas of the social sciences. Jacobs also has an experienced, professional background in the social sciences and particularly criminology, and is a representative of the faculty council at the University of Missouri, St Louis.
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The Use of Prison is Essential if We are to Reduce Offending
Those above 10 are dealt with according to the crime they have committed whether they are charged with shop-lifting which is often punished with a caution or a crime as serious as murder are held and sentenced under section 90/91 (Davies et al, 2003). At the start of the 20th century the equivalent of a current day youth prison in the form of Borstal, which were first set up at Borstal Prison in Kent, United Kingdom, in October 1902 (BBC, 2002).
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Counseling Students Placed At-Risk
Teens are involved in risk-taking that is not always harmful. Frequently, risk-taking in teens is a normal, healthy, developmental behavior for adolescents. All schools and communities have students who could potentially drop out of school or engage in self-destructive behaviors that interfere with academic success. Behaviors including absenteeism, performing below academic potential or participating in activities that may be harmful to oneself and/or others such as substance abuse, bullying and threats, and physical violence are some behaviors that place students at risk. These behaviors can have devastating lifelong effects and often stem from personal and social concerns including low self-esteem, family and relationship problems, unresolved grief, trauma, involvement with drugs or alcohol, neglect or abuse.
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Marxist approach to criminology
and Ian Tayol to mention a few. The definition of crime is controversial as the difference between acceptable and unacceptable behaviour depends on the situation hence this means that crime is dependent on the point of view of the definer(Stuart:2006,Hagan:1985),that means it would have a different meaning to societies,hence it is cultural.To throw more light on this,there is an uncertainty why certain forms of behaviour are criminalised while others are trivialised .According to Emile Durkheim(1984) any act that goes against the state is believed to be criminal and punishable by law, hence without the law there is no crime.
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Breaking Social Norms
The reactions from others help control the behavior of people in society. Sanctions, which are reward or punishment for following or deviating from custom behavior, are critical in keeping people operating on standard behavior. It could be as simple as an accepting smile or a shake of the head. This is a system of social control, which is the various means by which the members of a society encourage conformity to norms. As we learn the norms of our culture and society we also gain the capacity to evaluate our own behavior; such as by doing something wrong can lead to the feelings of either shame or guilt.
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