Article Review. The Carceral in Foucaults Discipline and Punish: the birth of the prison, a book by Michel Foucault, first published in 1975, then later edited in English in 1977 still continues to rivet attention 35 years after it was written.

Article Review Foucault, M. (1977), "The Carceral", in Foucault, M. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, Penguin Books: London. pp. 293-308. "The Carceral" in Foucault's Discipline and Punish: the birth of the prison, a book by Michel Foucault, first published in 1975, then later edited in English in 1977 still continues to rivet attention 35 years after it was written. It is evident to believe that it is still revolutionary in its findings. Michel Foucault was a French philosopher, sociologist and historian. The professor of history and systems of social thought at college de France, Foucault is widely recognised as a leading social theorist. Discipline and Punish continues to provide insights and suggested solutions that appear in the penal system. Foucault's point is to show how significantly the penal system changed in 80 years and details the history of the French penal system with the interpretation of historical events identifying the domination of human spirits. He argues, in the later part of the 18th century the focus of punishment began to shift from the body to the soul or mind of the offender to discipline them. He described discipline as a type of power. Prisons became more than just places where liberty was deprived. Furthermore, the closing section of the book is the main focus of my review and is entitled, simply, "The carceral". He

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  • Subject: Social studies
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Term paper of criminology

Utilizing theories of crime to perform an analysis of this phenomenon can be helpful for prescribing prevention tips and remedies to decrease crime rates. Firstly, deviance is defined as any type of behaviour that is deemed to have violated social norms. On the other hand, crimes are actions, typically considered to be deviant, that contravene the criminal law.1 The deviant behaviours of gang affiliation, assault and battery are portrayed in the film, I want to dance. By analysing why this type of deviant behaviour commonly occurs among teenagers, insight is gained on how to best deal with this problem. The basic theories of crime used to explain why one would join the gang fall within two general categories. One of the categories which propose that crime results from the extrinsic social environment consists of the Anomie and Strain theories, Social Control Theory, Labelling Theory, and the Differential Association Theory. The other category consists of the Biological and Psychological theories that assert people commit crimes due to intrinsic, personal factors. As these theories are fundamentally different, the possible solutions to prevent or tackle gang affiliation vary as well. One set of solutions aims to improve society by emphasising the need to tighten social bonds, establishing more equality in society, and refraining from labelling criminals. The other set of

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  • Subject: Social studies
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Victimology. Domestic Violence

A greater understanding of the impact of victimisation has indicated the need for services and support for victims of crime'. Choose ONE specific offence (e.g., rape, domestic violence, stalking, etc;) and critically discuss the services and support available to the victims from both statutory and voluntary agencies, including any relevant initiatives and legislation. Your argument should also demonstrate an understanding of the relevant theoretical perspectives that have informed the development of these policies. In contemporary victimology there exist two conflicting views of intimate partner violence. The first theoretical perspective comes from feminist commentators such as Dobash & Dobash, (1992; 2000), who view gender as the most salient factor in explaining intimate partner violence. This view conceptualises the gendered nature of domestic violence as a violence predominately perpetrated by men against women. The second perspective is advocated by family conflict researchers such as Strauss and Gelles, (1986), and Strauss (1993). The assumptions of family conflict theorist are that conflict is an inevitable part of all human interactions including the family. These different perspectives have produced contradictory findings on the extent and character of domestic abuse. This essay will firstly examine the gendered conceptualisation of domestic violence as

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The place of the public police is becoming less important in view of the variety of ways in which public and community security is exercised in contemporary society. Discuss

'The place of the public police is becoming less important in view of the variety of ways in which public and community security is exercised in contemporary society. Discuss' Kersty Martin B00472666 Criminology and Criminal Justice The term Police refers to a governmental organisation charged with the responsibility of maintaining law and order in society. They are given the power to enforce the law, protect the people, property and control civil unrest. The carrying out of these assigned functions is known as policing. In order to carry out these functions effectively, the Police are empowered to use reasonable force to enforce the law especially when they meet resistance. Since they are state organisations, the Police are usually empowered through training in the use of combat methods, arms and hi tech communication and transport equipment. The term derives from the French word Polis which means polite and the Latin term Politia which refers to Public Administration (Walker, 1977). In contemporary society, Police play an important role in primarily maintaining law and order but they have also been assigned other duties including controlling the flow of persons at disaster sites and carrying out first aid. Another change has come about because of the fact the citizens have over the years taken the responsibility of ensuring their own security through private security

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How significant a threat is terrorism today? Terrorists are inspired by many different motives. Terrorist can be classified into three categories, these are rational, psychological, and cultural.

How significant a threat is terrorism today? Terrorism is a special type of violence and is difficult to get a standard definition for. Historians often see it is a tactic used in peace, conflict and war. The threat of terrorism is always present, and an attack is likely to occur when least expected as shown by the September 11 bombings. A terrorist attack is usually shown by an event that marks the transition from peace to conflict or war. A definition of terrorism is "The calculated use of unlawful violence or threat of unlawful violence to inculcate fear; intended to coerce or to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious, or ideological."[1] Terrorism is not random but is calculated, terrorists in most cases know what they are doing and their selection of a targets is planned and rational. Modern terrorism offers it followers many advantages. One of these advantages is by not recognizing innocents, terrorists have an unlimited number of targets. They select their targets and determine when, where and how they attack very precisely. The range of choices gives terrorists a high probability of success with minimum risk. If the attack goes wrong or fails to produce the intended results, the terrorists can deny responsibility. The terrorist bombings of the New York World Trade Center and the Oklahoma City Federal

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Implications of Biometric Technology

Q6. Implications of biometrics in late modernity. Biometric technology has many implications for society. Such technology can be used for a number of purposes, predominantly biometric practises fall into one of two categories: identification and/or security. In a society in which crime is a common occurrence any system which claims to minimise identity fraud and terrorism without infringing on the privacy of the individual is of great interest to many organisations. However, can biometric technology do all of which it claims to do and how does that impact on society? This essay attempts to give a brief overview of how biometric technology can minimise identity fraud and terrorism while analysing its claims of upholding citizens' security and privacy. Furthermore, such identification technology could be extended to apply in other areas such as smuggling; of people and drugs as well as in insurance and taxation fraud. Biometric surveillance is the detection, identification, and tracking of individuals based upon unique physical characteristics or attributes (Peterson, 2007: 733). In this essay it is used as a general term for technologies that permit matches between a 'live' digital image of a part of the body and a previously recorded image of the same part, usually indexed to personal or financial information with information stored in a computer database (Alterman, 2003:

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Critically analyse the media(TM)s role in shaping public perceptions of crime(TM)

'Critically analyse the media's role in shaping public perceptions of crime' (1870 Words) Criminology and Criminal Justice The media's role in society is to inform people about everyday life through communications such as Television and newspapers. The information in which these communications display can be very diverse in their opinions about society, such as crime. This assignment will look in detail about the way in which media can influence public perceptions on crime and whether the information given is actually accurate in relation to official statistics specified by the government. This will include the analysis of crime stories from two different newspapers to learn the extent in which these newspapers portray different information about crime. There have been many cases in history in which the media has controlled people's views on society. For example Hitler was aware of the significance of good propaganda through media, in which he was able to take over power with the mass support of the people. The present day is the same. What people read in newspapers contributes to their views, such as crime, but realistically may not be true. For example the British Crime Survey asked respondents about their perceptions of how the level of crime was in the country as a whole. It showed that around "two-thirds (65%) of people thought crime in the country

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Compare positivist approaches to crime with at least two other perspectives discussed in the module. What are the relative strengths and weaknesses of the approaches you review?

'Compare positivist approaches to crime with at least two other perspectives discussed in the module. What are the relative strengths and weaknesses of the approaches you review?' 3.956 words Reference number: 17 Introduction Since the creation of human societies, crime made its appearance too and became an unavoidable phenomenon for every society. At the same time with the appearance of crime, a number of questions emerged as well. 'Why does crime exist?', 'What makes a person turn to crime?'. The answers to the above questions are pertinent to the explanation of crime. Understanding crime is essential not only because it presents the reasons that lead someone to break the law, but also because it determines the measures that must be taken in order to combat crime and the penal treatment of criminals (Alexiadis, 2004:44). Attempts to explain crime were made for a number of centuries. First attempts relied on religious structures and specifically on demonology. According to this explanation crime results from the influence of unworldly powers. Criminals were driven by forces beyond their control and the punishment inflicted on them was extremely severe and brutal (legislation was given the title 'the bloody code') (Department of Criminology, 2006/07:2-18). However, the 18th century constituted a period of immense change. Specifically in the late 18th and early 19th

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Victims of Crime

The N.S.W. Rape Crisis Centre (herein known as 'RCC') is a specialist support program catering for the specific needs of victims of crimes such as rape, sexual assault, sexual indecency and gendered violence. The service has a particular emphasis on catering to the needs of women of all ages and is "committed to upholding the rights of women to live in a socially just, equitable and non violent society" (Theodoridis, 2009). The RCC has a limitation of catering specifically to the needs of women despite mentioning on their website that in 1999, 17% of people reporting sexual assault in Australia were male (Theodoridis, 2009). The website defends this action however by stating that "sexual assault is indicative of patriarchy" (Theodoridis, 2009 & Cook & Jones, 2007, p.129). It has been documented that men are traditionally regarded as the perpetrators of rape and these stereotypes and prejudices are difficult to combat (Mezey & King, 2000, p.V). The RCC offers a 24 hour telephone and online support and referral service for anyone who has experienced sexual violence; they offer information about and referral to the police, counsellors and medical help such as S.T.I. and pregnancy checks and forensic examinations. Additional services the RCC offers include information on the rights and options for someone who has been sexually assaulted, encouragement to overcome barriers to

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Assess the character and causes of youth offending.

In relation to the above question, I will first try to establish when youth starts and where it ends and what are the possible causes that make youths to go out and commit crimes. What will also need to be looked at will be the purpose behind these criminal acts. My essay will consist of references from the Offending, Crime and Justice Survey, the British Crime Survey along with police reports. To answer my question I will be looking at four main points that I believe are the main causes behind juvenile crime, I will be looking at family issues, poverty, environment and the media and how they have affected youths in committing delinquency. When people think of youths, several images come to mind and typically these are exceptionally negative. Youth is expected to be at a time of deviance, disruption and wickedness. When youths commit delinquency, they are characteristically fulfilling negative stereotypes regarding themselves. They are seen as violent good-for-nothing individuals who totally take no notice of rules and authority. It is exactly right to say that a huge proportion of crime can be recognised to be committed by young offenders, however, there are crimes committed within almost every age group and yet it is young offenders which are still in particular under attack for being the atrocious individuals in society. In accordance to the Offending, Crime and Justice

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  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Social studies
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