Some writers argued that middle-class children are under more pressure to succeed. Why is this, and what are the consequences of this pressure?
Some writers argued that middle-class children are under more pressure to succeed. Why is this, and what are the consequences of this pressure? When researching class differences in education there is always a tendency to assume that middle-class children have a significant advantage during their education due to social status and capital. These middle-class children may have certain advantages, for example, capital to spend on extra-curricula activities, but these advantages come with their own problems in the form of pressure from home and school, as well as from peers. Working-class children also have some pressures, as some of the pressures experienced by middle-class children overlap into the lives of working-class children. Both classes, for example, will experience pressures from parents to succeed in their schooling, but the methods used may differ from class to class. This essay will look at the different pressures experienced by different the different classes, why they occur, where they occur and what these pressures can lead to in later life. Working-class problems appear to occur more amongst the parents (typically mothers) and their emotional involvement in their child's educational experience and success. In 'A useful extension of Bourdieu's conceptual framework? Emotional capital as a way of understanding mothers' involvement in their children's education'
Latin America studies - A Tale of Two Worlds
Jean-Marc Freuler [email protected] Introduction to Latin American Studies Professor Lawson TA: Ana Lorena De La O Essay #1 September 29, 2003 A Tale of Two Worlds Spanish and Portuguese colonialism has left its imprint in many areas of politics, culture and economy in Latin America. Boundaries and cultural borders were established, identities were erased through slavery, and their geographical roots were excavated. Both economically and politically, Latin America finds itself in a transition and in a moment of self definition, where colonial legacies as well as different development theories have left imprints on the continent's evolution on an international scale. However, there are facets in modern Latin America that are questionable whether they are indeed offspring of colonial legacies still remaining in the region, such as the crisis in Argentina, or the mismanagement of the government in Venezuela. Therefore, not all political or economic issues the continent is facing today can be attributed to past conquistadores and imperialism. Cultural & Social Latin America - comprised of South America, Central America and Mexico--is considered a "living museum" of native groups and people of Iberian and African descent. As a result, it is a region of immense racial, cultural, and artistic variety. Among those Latin Americans with African origins, there are still more
Conceptual Framework for Criteria and Indicator for Assessment of Sustainable Development: An Illustration on Joint Forest Management.
Conceptual Framework for Criteria and Indicator for Assessment of Sustainable Development : An Illustration on Joint Forest Management S. B. Roy1, Raktima Mukherjee 2and Siddhartha Mukhopadhyay3 Introduction Sustainable Development involves management of a complex system where cultural, ecological and economic elements form a web. This web provides checks and balances of cultural values with ecological and economic implications governed by state bureaucratic and people institutions. Each system has components, which are interdependent and interrelated. To understand sustainability, therefore requires some understanding of the behaviour of systems in general and of social and eco-technological systems in particular. Eco-technological system is set of tools and approaches of biotechnology to enhance productivity at one hand and apply information technology for sharing information and managing institutions on the other. The more we study the problem of sustainability, the more we realise that it can not be understood in isolation. Each component, say, social/bureaucratic, eco-technological and economic are interwoven in such a fashion that isolation of any hampers sustainable development. Joint Forest Management (JFM) has evolved as one of the means to attain the goal of Sustainable Development in India in the area of forestry. 'Sustainable Development' is development that
This paper attempts to analyse how and in what ways the Chinese diaspora interacts with Indonesian ethnic policies towards Chinese. It focuses on the commoditisation of Chineseness and explores the social networking of Chinese diaspora in order to underst
Chinese Diaspora in Indonesia . Introduction Today, overseas Chinese communities are found in literally most countries of the world, and they have made significant economic, social and political impact in many of these places. Western social scientists have long postulated that ethnic Chinese communities in Asia have assimilated with their host societies and slowly lost their Chinese identity. On the other hand, all this raises the question of where the loyalties of ethnic Chinese overseas lie. Chinese overseas may owed their loyalty to host governments. This position has modified somewhat with the growth of China's economy. Benedict Anderson has argued that the nation is an 'imagined political community'. Nationalism hence can be seen as a movement which includes the construction of the idea of the nation, and the identification of the communities which belong and don't belong to it.(Anderson,1983) As Singapore's foreign minister, George Yeo said 'The idea and ideal of One China are deeply embedded in the Chinese mind'. This cultural identification that inspires pride in China's recent achievements it has increasingly made use of ethnic Chinese business and political contacts to further its influence in Southeast Asia. Did the links between ethnic Chinese and their motherland be cut off? Did Chinese communities play any roles in internal and external relations
'Fox Hunting is an Essential Part of the Rural Idyll' Anti Hunting Lobby
'Fox Hunting is an Essential Part of the Rural Idyll' Anti Hunting Lobby On the 19th of December 2004 (BBC, 2004) a landmark victory, for anybody with a sense of morality, occurred. 'Commons Speaker Michael Martin has invoked the Parliament Act meaning a ban on fox hunting will be in place by February 2005.' (BBC 2004) This was a giant step forward of removing the myth that fox hunting is an essential part of the rural Idyll. What is the Rural Idyll? In an interview with 'The Cumberland News' the author of 'The Farm' Richard Benson talked about the rural idyll and why it was so important to the British way of life. One of the most brought up points when talking about the rural idyll is farming. Benson says that 'Farming is 'part of our cultural DNA.'' (Cumberland News, 2006) The British people live off their farming past; most people want to retire to a little village in the middle of nowhere, with freshly cultivated pastures. 'The imagery, smells, sounds and textures of farms hold huge appeal, he says. In a commercialised modern world it is, specifically, the appeal of tradition and authenticity.' (2006) People have a fixed idea of place and space, even if they have never been there. They expect to see certain things even if those things are no longer existent. "Throughout history urban writers have looked on rural life as a timeless thing that exists outside
With Reference to examples, compare and contrast the impact made by Mesolithic and Neolithic peoples on Irelands cultural landscape
Geography Assignment 1 Dr Tracey McKay Irish Landscape With Reference to examples, compare and contrast the impact made by Mesolithic and Neolithic peoples on Ireland's cultural landscape. The extraordinary landscape that the island of Ireland has to offer, cannot be described in words. The individual on looking at the sights of the country feels a sense of ineffability. The Ice Age brought about the most dynamic changes to the physical landscape, shaping it and creating the wonderful sights of the natural land we can see today. (Although, from that time we have altered Ireland's landscape, yet have not come close to the same scale of changes that were produced by the Ice Age). For all its destruction, the beautiful landscape that the Ice Age left behind played a large part in the unfolding human history of Ireland- the glacier deposits helped the land become fertile, supporting vegetation and trees which would become useful resources for the first people to arrive on the island. In addition, the heavy weight of the glaciers helped flattened areas that could then be used for building. However, it is not these natural sights, which people take notice of, Ireland's economic activity has increased rapidity over the past number of years, due to the tourist attractions which have been promoted throughout the world. The Mesolithic and Neolithic sites such as Newgrange
DEVELOPMENT THEORIES, STRATEGIES AND ISSUES
SIMUKAI TINHU 2002-2003 SECOND SEMESTER ESSAY ASSIGNMENT (19-05-2003) FOR DEVELOPMENT THEORIES, STRATEGIES AND ISSUES (PIED 5230) ESSAY - TITLE: What difference does development aid make, if any? Illustrate your answer with country examples. Dr David Hall-Matthews, Professor Ruth Pearson, Gordon Crawford and Zulkuf Aydin : Institute of Politics and International Studies-University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. Introduction International development has been closely linked to the study of the role of aid in development. As ul Haq points out, '... in fact aid has established itself as a mini-neoclassical political economy theory in development studies' (ul Haq in Martinussen 2002:271). However, studies which have been done to establish the nexus between aid and development besides being, 'inconclusive, have also been contradictory and rife with inconsistencies' (Edgren 2002:261).Two competing paradigms have emerged. A well entrenched view which is identified with neoclassical economics and the Brettonwood institutions maintains that aid is an important engine for development. The alternative interpretation is that development aid does not make any difference. This line of argument is often associated with the neo-Marxist political economy and has its origins in the writings of authors such as Andre Gundar Frank, Samir Amin, and more recently, centre left liberal
Happy moment in my life
Olti Mitre ID #: 100039942 Draft 1 Some days are undoubtedly more important than the others. The day you decide to accept a job offer is more important than a day you rest in bed all day long with a headache. There are too many significant days for me to choose. I've had my life swing around time after time again. So I can't choose just one, but if I had to, I would definitely pick the day when me and my team won the basketball championship for high schools. It took place two years ago and it was very important for me because of the self-confidence and motivation I gained that specific day. There have been too many obstacles that I have struggled with during the training, so many that it becomes almost humorous to start counting. Many injuries have slowed me down and made me question whether I have wanted to continue. But I believed in myself. I never stopped training, even though it was very difficult to manage both studying and training. For instance there was a period during the training that I was not doing well with my lessons but with the help of my teachers and my coach I faced and threw away these difficulties. Thus, when the matches were played, I helped my team a lot. Every match was like a final match for me. In the final match, we played against a very strong team. They were leading most of the time but in the end thanks to some stupendous play of our
Has the move from WID to GAD approaches significantly altered project and policy tools for the empowerment of women? Discuss.
Has the move from WID to GAD approaches significantly altered project and policy tools for the empowerment of women? Discuss. Formal policy approaches aiming to incorporate women into development activities began in the early 1970s. Over the past 30 years they have evolved on the basis of experience, review, and reformulation of objectives and strategies. By the 1980s the WID or 'women-in-development' approach was accepted and adopted internationally with an aim of "integrating women into global processes of economic, political and social growth and change" (Rathberger, 1990, p489). Development agencies and recipients of international development assistance adopted WID programs and projects with the hope of delivering development to women. Unfortunately WID failed to significantly narrow the gender gap. This led to a rethinking of WID and its approach to women and development. The 'gender-and-development' (GAD) approach emerged in the 1980s as an alternative to WID. Since gender is a relational concept GAD shifts attention away from 'women' towards the whole ensemble of relations that exist between the sexes. In this essay I shall attempt to elucidate whether this conceptual shift from WID to GAD has significantly altered project and policy tools for the empowerment of women. Origins of WID WID was one of the first critiques of modernization theory which was
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