Development and subordination of women in the Third World.
Development and subordination of women in the Third World M. Arifur Rahman Introduction A good number of countries in Africa, Asia and Caribbean became independent nations in 20 years after the Second World War. These newly independent countries characterised by distorted economy, poor or non-existent system of service infrastructure, low level of education and fragile political system became known developing countries. Since then the world is divided into developed and developing countries. The people of the developing countries almost universally desire that these countries should be developed and considered desirable by almost everybody else. In the thinking of liberal economics development and economic growth were synonymous. Modernisation theory dominated liberal development thinking. Liberal economists identified lack of capital as the most common crucial obstacle to rapid economic growth. In the 1940s Western scholars and development planners perceived that the infusion of foreign aid, investment and increasing foreign trade can develop or modernise the tradition bound Third World countries. The policies of the World Bank were also influenced by this very modernisation theory. Many policies were adopted; strategies were implemented regarding the development of the Third World countries (Wayleen, 1993). But development issue always remained a question. Modernisation
What can representations of criminal women tell us about our anxieties regarding the other?
The notes given once this essay was marked showed I needed to reference correctly as I didn't and also that I needed to go through the work more carefully when reading through. Significant Others. Student Number: 2521269 Lecture 8 Bad Girls and she devils: women in crime, question: What can representations of criminal women tell us about our anxieties regarding the other? Contents. . Front Page 2. Contents 3. Introduction, Case study, One: Myra Hindley 4. case study one: media responses 5. case study one: Anxieties and their effects 6. case study two: Rosemary West 7. Case study two: Media and Discourses 8. Case study two: Film and Documentary reactions to similar cases. 9. Aileen Wuornos: The life and death of a serial killer - Monster 0. TV Series Bad girls and our changing discourses on female behaviour. 1. Conclusion 2. Bibliography + Filmography Introduction The representations of women in crime have long been known to be different to those of men. Woman who commit murder or adultery, are presented as more evil or guilty than their male counterparts. Through the media and films such as, bad girls, monster, etc, we see how the publics view on female criminals is "manipulated". Our anxieties regarding the "other" here are shown not just through the judgements put upon these criminal women, but in how they are portrayed in the popular media and films.
Literature Review - Sustainable Livelihoods.
Literature Review: Sustainable Livelihoods Reviewed Works * Barraclough S.L and Ghimire K.B, Forests and Livelihoods, 1995, Macmillan Press Ltd, London. Chapter 5 National and International Forest Protection Initiatives * Davies S, Adaptable Livelihoods, 1996, Macmillan Press Ltd, London. Chapter * DFID, Sustainable Livelihoods, 1999, DFID, London. The above works are all concerned with the policy implication and strategies/projects for promoting sustainable livelihoods in the process of development, in response to the depletion of natural resources. To ensure variety in the review I have included a publication by the Department for International Development (DFID) rather than a particular author/academic, and two books that look at slightly different aspects of sustainable livelihoods; Barraclough and Ghimire look at forests, and Davies looks at Food Insecurity. I wanted to see how this affected the way in which the topic of sustainable livelihoods was approached in literature. Barraclough is very much an agrarian reform researcher. He has worked for the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation, the United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD), the Inter-American Committee for Agricultural Development Studies (in nine Latin American countries). He was also Adjunct Professor of Agricultural Economics at Cornell University and was
Discuss the importance of development issues and the indicators which influence views about an areas state of development.
Discuss the importance of development issues and the indicators which influence views about an areas state of development Development is defined in the dictionary as "to make or become larger" or "to make usable or profitable". The level of development can be measured using a range of physical, social and cultural indicators. These allow us to use a figure to compare different countries and they also give us an idea about what the country is like economically, socially and even environmentally. However, there are limitations in using these indicators as they cannot take into account specific contributory factors within a country and they also allow us to assume what a country is like without experiencing it for ourselves. In what follows I will discuss the different development indicators and judgements made resulting from these. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is probably the most widely used indicator. It represents the value of all goods and services produced within a country, usually measured in US dollars and calculated per capita to make comparisons between different countries easier. If the GDP for a country is high this suggests that it has many productive industries producing goods and services such as schools and hospitals are well developed. If the figure is low, it implies that the country has few industries and services and therefore a poorer quality of life.
Explore the meaning of 'sustainable development' in the Southeast Asian context. Can one make a case for a distinctively Southeast Asian definition of this concept?
Explore the meaning of 'sustainable development' in the Southeast Asian context. Can one make a case for a distinctively Southeast Asian definition of this concept? The concept of 'sustainable development' has become an area of intense debate and extensive discourse since its inclusion in the report 'Our Common Future', a document prepared by the World Commission on Environment and Development which espoused a form of development that "meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs." (Brenton, 1994:129) The importance of linking development and the environment was realised and popularised, subsequently the search for sustainability became the new ethos for governments and environmentalists alike. Following the promulgation of the sustainable development concept, its actual meaning became increasingly clouded, with different definitions being adopted across groups. Academics contended that the common usage of 'sustainable development' was too narrow in its preoccupation with stewardship and the interests of future generations, and while these were important factors in the concept, it should also include other goals, such as "providing adequate income... reducing disparities...[and] providing equitable access to resources." (Pierce, 1992:312) Global environmental summits such as the United Nations Conference on
Overview of the Economy of Georgia.
Business Plan for Tailoring in Georgia Georgia: Description Georgia is situated at the juncture of Western Asia and Eastern Europe. It is bounded to the west by the Black Sea, to the north by Russia, to the south by Turkey and Armenia, and to the east by Azerbaijan. Georgia covers a territory of 69,700 km² and its population is 4.7 million, largely ethnic Georgians. Georgia has been in news last year because of an armed conflict following a prolonged dispute with Russia and separatist groups from South Ossetia and Abkhazia. In the aftermath of the conflict Russia recognized the Georgian regions of South Ossetia and Abkhazia as independent states. At present only Nicaragua, the Hamas government in the Gaza Strip, and the de facto independent republic of Transnistria have followed suit. On August 28, 2008, the Parliament of Georgia passed a resolution declaring Abkhazia and South Ossetia "Russian-occupied territories". Economy Situation: Since early 2000s visible positive developments have been observed in the economy of Georgia. In 2007 Georgia's real GDP growth rate reached 12%, making Georgia one of the fastest growing economies in Eastern Europe. The World Bank declared Georgia "the number one economic reformer in the world" because it has in one year improved from rank 112th to 18th in terms of ease of doing business. (World Bank, 2009) However, growth slowed to less
Is Bath a sustainable city?
Is Bath a sustainable city? Bath has a population of around 80,000. It is world heritage city and receives over 2,000,000 tourists a year. It is also an important regional shopping area and serves a large area around it. It is a wealthy city, with house prices considerably above the national average and a high proportion of 'professional' and high earning individuals. Bath has much history surrounding it, and the Roman's aspect is one that attracts many visitors. The Roman baths are one of the top historical monuments in the UK, attracting over 890,000 visitors a year. The cultural attractions of the city have led too much recent in migration and bath is under increasing pressure to meet residents' demands for affordable accommodation, transport and services. The city has a wide range of problems trying to meet these demands as Bath is located in the steep-sided Avon valley and there is little flat land available for large-scale development. Furthermore, as well as having a protected historic core, bath is surrounded by green belt, which restricts urban sprawl, in this case towards nearby Bristol and surrounding towns. To the east, much of the countryside falls in the Cotswolds area of outstanding natural beauty, limiting development to village infill. As a consequence, Bath has a real shortage of affordable housing, even lower than the nationally low figure for the south
Hospitality systems
TS 208 Operational Issues for Hospitality SEMESTER 1 2008 ASSIGNMENT 1 SYSTEMS THEORY WILLIAM (BILLY) JOHNS S11032027 The objective of this essay is to explore whether the aspects and principles of systems theory are applicable in the management of a hotel business, and to confirm if systems theory is relevant, secondly to identify and discuss how systems theory can be integrated into the processes of managing a business, and to discuss how a hotel operation can benefit from the applications of systems principles. In order to answer this, firstly we need to determine what systems, systems theory and systems thinking is and if exists in the tourism and hospitality industry. The systems theory is basically the combination of technology, processes and human resources that makes it possible to deliver goods and services to customers. Simply put, the systems theory consists of inputs, a transformation process and outputs. In order to gain the desired output, the inputs and the processes must be of quality and have some standard requirements. There are two main types of systems; hard and soft systems. (Pizam, 2005) Hard systems are mainly technology, machinery, or tools required to perform a task or produce a good or service, which is part of the systems process where outcomes are precise, measured and controlled. Examples of hard systems would be; management information
Asses the extent to which the Root Causes of famine lie in physical geography.
Asses the extent to which the Root Causes of famine lie in physical geography. In this report I intend to review various cases of famine to discover whether the fundamental causation of famine can be found in physical and human geography. I shall look at drought, and its effects and why it occurs. I will evaluate desertification and the problem that it causes Famine leading to malnutrition claims more lives than any other, it leads to widespread death in a large area, it is arguably the cause of most human suffering. Famines differ from common hunger because they occur infrequently and affect a limited number of people, who die of starvation. One definition is "The regional failure of food production or distribution systems, leading to sharply increased mortality due to starvation and associated disease"(Cox 1981, 5). It is estimated that 800 million people are undernourished (lacking 100 - 400 kilocalories per day) and that a child dies of hunger every five seconds, killing five million children a year according to a United Nations report made in June, 2004. The conclusion from the most recent conference in Rome was that richer countries should do more and increase annual expenditure by 24 billion dollars. FAO director Jacques Diouf points out that if all the food produced 'were to be divided equally among its inhabitants, every man, woman and child would consume 2,760
Understanding Geography
Understanding Geography Geography is the study of the earth's inhabitants, characteristics, and events. It is divided into two major areas - human and physical geography. Physical geography focuses on the earth's climate, land formations, soil, vegetation, and hydrology. Human geography encompasses the analyses of economies, communities, and intellectual systems in different regions (Rowntree, Lewis, Price, and Wyckoff 11). Geographers' work primarily involves the collection, use, and analysis of objective data placed in the format of maps showing characteristics and features of the earth's inhabitants and their surroundings. This geographic information affects multiple disciplines and people using that data for different purposes. One major area of study in the field of physical geography is "cartography" or "mapmaking," which involves the collection and display of spatial data. Overall, mapmaking is central to geography, since Geographers study various regions and use maps to conduct their research. Maps also provide critical information for other disciplines, as well as anyone interested in traveling from place to place. A map of our world, country, state, or city is more than just a picture; it is a precise image that enhances the understanding of different features in regions and places of interest. Since the 1960's, geography has rapidly changed with the